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Administrative Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 7
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Adm. Sci., Volume 15, Issue 7 (July 2025) – 38 articles

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27 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Ethical Leadership and Management of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Role of AI in Decision Making
by Tjaša Štrukelj and Petya Dankova
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070274 (registering DOI) - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the decision-making processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) presents both significant opportunities and substantial ethical challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical model depicting the interdependence of organisational decision-making levels and [...] Read more.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the decision-making processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) presents both significant opportunities and substantial ethical challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical model depicting the interdependence of organisational decision-making levels and decision-making styles, with an emphasis on exploring the role of AI in organisations’ decision making, based on selected process dimension of the MER model of integral governance and management, particularly in relation to routine, analytical, and intuitive decision-making capabilities. The research methodology employs a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the scientific literature published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on AI implementation in SMEs, ethical decision making in integral management, and regulatory frameworks governing AI use in business contexts. The findings reveal that AI technologies influence decision making across business policy, strategic, tactical, and operative management levels, with distinct implications for intuitive, analytical, and routine decision-making approaches. The analysis demonstrates that while AI can enhance data processing capabilities and reduce human biases, it presents significant challenges for normative–ethical decision making, requiring human judgment and stakeholder consideration. We conclude that effective AI integration in SMEs requires a balanced approach where AI primarily serves as a tool for data collection and analysis rather than as an autonomous decision maker. These insights contribute to the discourse on responsible AI implementation in SMEs and provide practical guidance for leaders navigating the complex interplay between (non)technological capabilities, ethical considerations, and regulatory requirements in the evolving business landscape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effective Leadership and Management in the Sustainable Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)
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19 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
Territorial Brand as a Public Governance Strategy: Cases of Brazil and Portugal
by Giovana Goretti Feijó Almeida
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070273 (registering DOI) - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
Urban dynamics of the 21st century is distinguished by the prevalence and significance of cities and their constituent elements. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the territorial brand as one of the strategic elements of public governance. The [...] Read more.
Urban dynamics of the 21st century is distinguished by the prevalence and significance of cities and their constituent elements. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the territorial brand as one of the strategic elements of public governance. The methodology employs a comparative approach between four Brazilian and Portuguese cities, utilizing seven variables pertinent to the concept of a “territorial brand as a cultural product of regional development.” The results underscore the significance of strategic planning in enhancing urban competitiveness, influencing urban public governance, and reflecting on urban, cultural, social, regional, and territorial changes. The study provides insights into the implementation of a territorial brand, particularly in cities with a cultural focus, offering a comprehensive understanding of how this governance strategy can shape urban development and reinforce local cultural identity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
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35 pages, 3495 KiB  
Article
Demographic Capital and the Conditional Validity of SERVPERF: Rethinking Tourist Satisfaction Models in an Emerging Market Destination
by Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Gelmar García-Vidal, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar, Marcos Eduardo Valdés-Alarcón and Margarita De Miguel-Guzmán
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070272 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Tourist satisfaction models typically assume that service performance dimensions carry the same weight for all travelers. Drawing on Bourdieu, we reconceptualize age, gender, and region of origin as demographic capital, durable resources that mediate how visitors decode service cues. Using a SERVPERF-based survey [...] Read more.
Tourist satisfaction models typically assume that service performance dimensions carry the same weight for all travelers. Drawing on Bourdieu, we reconceptualize age, gender, and region of origin as demographic capital, durable resources that mediate how visitors decode service cues. Using a SERVPERF-based survey of 407 international travelers departing Quito (Ecuador), we test measurement invariance across six sociodemographic strata with multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The four-factor SERVPERF core (Access, Lodging, Extra-hotel Services, Attractions) holds, yet partial metric invariance emerges: specific loadings flex with demographic capital. Gen-Z travelers penalize transport reliability and safety; female visitors reward cleanliness and empathy; and Latin American guests are the most critical of basic organization. These patterns expose a boundary condition for universalistic satisfaction models and elevate demographic capital from a descriptive tag to a structuring construct. Managerially, we translate the findings into segment-sensitive levers, visible security for youth and regional markets, gender-responsive facility upgrades, and dual eco-luxury versus digital-detox bundles for long-haul segments. By demonstrating when and how SERVPERF fractures across sociodemographic lines, this study intervenes in three theoretical conversations: (1) capital-based readings of consumption, (2) the search for boundary conditions in service-quality measurement, and (3) the shift from segmentation to capital-sensitive interpretation in emerging markets. The results position Ecuador as a critical case and provide a template for destinations facing similar performance–perception mismatches in the Global South. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices)
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23 pages, 2615 KiB  
Review
Fostering Sustainable Manufacturing in Africa: A Sustainable Supply Chain Management Framework for a Green Future
by Ahmed Idi Kato and Ntise Hendrick Manchidi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070271 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) emerges as a vital catalyst for inclusive growth and sustainable development, particularly in emerging economies where the manufacturing sector is central to economic progress. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the current research landscape on SSCM in [...] Read more.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) emerges as a vital catalyst for inclusive growth and sustainable development, particularly in emerging economies where the manufacturing sector is central to economic progress. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the current research landscape on SSCM in the context of developing nations, outlining key theoretical frameworks and advocating for a solid conceptual foundation alongside a structured agenda for future research initiatives. This study employs a structured literature review technique to analyze 92 published articles indexed by Scopus from 2013 to 2024, revealing a burgeoning trend in the subject of global supply chains in developing nations. The analysis identifies key keywords such as “sustainable supply chain management,” “manufacturing industries,” “inclusive growth,” and “supply chain and sustainability,” and develops a conceptual model that elucidates how SSCM practices can be effectively integrated into manufacturing sectors to facilitate equitable growth and enhance business competitiveness. This work’s novelty lies in employing a systematic literature review to develop a holistic SSCM conceptual framework constructed upon six primary drivers: business model innovation, inclusive SSCM, corporate governance and leadership, technological and innovation capabilities, policy and regulatory environment, and circular feedback. This model addresses the ambiguity surrounding SSCM and inclusive growth, providing a robust foundation for future research and performance measurement. This study contributes to the field by providing a practical and theoretically grounded framework for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to implement impactful and effective SSCM initiatives in developing nations’ manufacturing sectors to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. Full article
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23 pages, 3709 KiB  
Review
Behavior and Sustainable Finance: A Bibliometric Approach
by Elena Muñoz-Muñoz, Eva Crespo-Cebada, José C. Corchado and Carlos Diaz-Caro
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070270 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
This paper is intended to highlight the importance of developing knowledge on sustainable finance using bibliometric analysis. The study is based on a review of sources from two of the most prominent scientific databases in the world, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). [...] Read more.
This paper is intended to highlight the importance of developing knowledge on sustainable finance using bibliometric analysis. The study is based on a review of sources from two of the most prominent scientific databases in the world, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). A total of 372 and 355 documents were obtained from Scopus and WOS, respectively. The data indicate an exponential increase in the number of publications over the years, suggesting a growing interest in the subject and a need for further research. The research groups appear to have little connection, and the studies are widely scattered both geographically and across different research areas. Sustainable finance is an increasingly interesting field of study, with numerous branches that require further research. One such branch is the analysis of green bonds and sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Leadership and Change Management: Driving Sustainability Initiatives)
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26 pages, 679 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Future Intentions in a Virtual Career: The Role of Brand Variables
by Daniel Martínez-Cevallos, Ferran Calabuig, Daniel Duclos-Bastías, Josep Crespo-Hervás and Mario Alguacil
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070269 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study aims to analyze, through structural equation modelling, the interaction between the variables of congruence, trust, commitment, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) in the context of a virtual sporting event, determining the significant relationships between these variables and their ability to [...] Read more.
This study aims to analyze, through structural equation modelling, the interaction between the variables of congruence, trust, commitment, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) in the context of a virtual sporting event, determining the significant relationships between these variables and their ability to predict participants’ future intentions. A structured questionnaire based on previously validated scales was applied to a sample of participants of the Medellín Virtual Marathon. The data obtained were analyzed using structural equation modelling to examine the relationships between the variables studied. The results confirm that congruence significantly influences trust and commitment, while trust mediates its relationship with commitment, satisfaction and WOM. Furthermore, it is observed that commitment has a direct impact on satisfaction and WOM, with satisfaction being the most relevant predictor of recommendation intentions. The model used showed an adequate fit, and the instrument used presented satisfactory psychometric properties. These findings underline the importance of strengthening the congruence between participants’ identity and event branding, promoting trust through positive experiences and leveraging WOM as a key promotional tool for e-sport events. This study contributes to academic knowledge by exploring the interactions between these variables in the context of virtual sport events, offering valuable information for decision-making in the management and promotion of this type of event. Full article
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23 pages, 2055 KiB  
Article
Do CEO Traits Matter? A Machine Learning Analysis Across Emerging and Developed Markets
by Chioma Ngozi Nwafor, Obumneme Z. Nwafor, Chinonyerem Matilda Omenihu and Madina Abdrakhmanova
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070268 - 10 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance across emerging and developed economies using both panel regression and machine learning techniques. Drawing on Upper Echelons Theory, we examine whether CEO age, tenure, gender, founder status, and appointment origin influence Return [...] Read more.
This study investigates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance across emerging and developed economies using both panel regression and machine learning techniques. Drawing on Upper Echelons Theory, we examine whether CEO age, tenure, gender, founder status, and appointment origin influence Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and market-to-book ratio. We apply the fixed and random effects models for inference and deploy random forest and XGBoost models to determine the feature importance of each CEO trait. Our findings show that CEO tenure consistently predicts improved ROE and ROA, while CEO age and founder status negatively affect firm performance. Female CEOs, though not consistently significant in the baseline models, positively influence market valuation in emerging markets according to interaction models. Firm-level characteristics such as size and leverage dominate CEO traits in explaining performance outcomes, especially in machine learning rankings. By integrating machine learning feature importance, this study contributes an original approach to CEO evaluation, enabling firms and policymakers to prioritise leadership traits that matter most. The findings have practical implications for succession planning, diversity policy, and performance-based executive appointments. Full article
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35 pages, 2545 KiB  
Article
HRM Strategies for Bridging the Digital Divide: Enhancing Digital Skills, Employee Performance, and Inclusion in Evolving Workplaces
by Ioannis Zervas and Emmanouil Stiakakis
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070267 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 42
Abstract
This study explores how Human Resource Management (HRM) can help organizations to face the challenges of digital transformation, focusing on reducing digital inequalities and improving employee performance. As digital tools become more important in workplaces, many employees still experience digital exclusion, which affects [...] Read more.
This study explores how Human Resource Management (HRM) can help organizations to face the challenges of digital transformation, focusing on reducing digital inequalities and improving employee performance. As digital tools become more important in workplaces, many employees still experience digital exclusion, which affects not only their productivity but also their sense of fairness and inclusion, as well. To investigate these issues, quantitative research was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed online to employees across EU-based companies. The data were analyzed through PLS-SEM, including IPMA and mediation analysis, to understand the relations between HRM practices, digital skills, and perceptions of organizational justice. The findings show that HRM strategies have a significant impact on bridging the digital divide, especially by promoting digital adaptability and supporting inclusive work environments. Inclusion was also found to mediate the relation between HRM and employee performance. This research offers practical suggestions, like using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to monitor digital participation and encouraging continuous learning. The study adds value by connecting digital empowerment with HRM policies in a way that supports both organizational efficiency and equality. Future research could focus on specific sectors or use longitudinal data to better capture how digital inclusion develops over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HRM and Employee Performance Improvement: Strategies for Employee Development in a Constantly Changing Workplace)
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19 pages, 311 KiB  
Article
Exploring Gen Z Sustainable Behavior in the Hospitality Industry
by Roberta Minazzi and Daniele Grechi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070266 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 65
Abstract
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions and behaviors regarding sustainable practices in the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on the gap between intentions and actual behaviors. A significant attitude–behavior gap emerges: while the majority (69%) reports adopting sustainable practices in daily life, [...] Read more.
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions and behaviors regarding sustainable practices in the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on the gap between intentions and actual behaviors. A significant attitude–behavior gap emerges: while the majority (69%) reports adopting sustainable practices in daily life, only 30% actively reduce air travel. Through exploratory analysis, this study contributes to the existing literature by examining sustainability perceptions as key drivers in hotel selection, offering both theoretical and practical implications for the tourism industry. The data were collected through questionnaires and processed using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically hypothesis testing tools. The findings indicate that while Gen Z exhibits strong environmental consciousness, economic constraints remain a barrier to sustainable choices. This research suggests that tourism companies need to develop targeted strategies to make sustainable options more accessible, considering both environmental sensitivity and financial limitations of the younger generation. This work addresses a notable gap in the tourism literature regarding travelers’ perceptions of sustainable practices, particularly focusing on Generation Z as an emerging market segment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices)
14 pages, 780 KiB  
Article
Game-Based Intervention as a Tool for Enhancing Team Adaptation
by Katarína Stachová, Zdenko Stacho and Michal Hamar
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070265 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 143
Abstract
In light of the changing demands of the labor market and the digital orientation of today’s student population, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a digital game-based intervention as a tool for enhancing team adaptation and social perception in an academic [...] Read more.
In light of the changing demands of the labor market and the digital orientation of today’s student population, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a digital game-based intervention as a tool for enhancing team adaptation and social perception in an academic environment. This research was designed as an experiment involving 90 university students who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 45) or a control group (n = 45). The experimental group participated in a multiplayer cooperative MOBA-type game, in which each participant assumed a specific team role. Before and after the intervention, participants completed a standardized questionnaire focused on team dynamics, including trust, orientation towards shared goals, and mutual awareness. The results from the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistically significant improvements in identifying team members’ strengths and weaknesses, a reduction in the perceived lack of trust, and an increased orientation toward shared goals. The findings confirm that a digital gaming environment can activate key mechanisms of team dynamics and may serve as an effective tool for supporting the adaptation of young employees in practice. Future research should include more diverse samples and incorporate objective observation alongside self-assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Capital Development—New Perspectives for Diverse Domains)
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20 pages, 374 KiB  
Article
Hotel Guest Satisfaction: A Predictive and Discriminant Study Using TripAdvisor Ratings
by Quiviny Jorge De Oliveira-Cardoso, José Alberto Martínez-González and Carmen D. Álvarez-Albelo
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070264 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Understanding and promoting guest satisfaction is central to the economic sustainability of the hospitality industry. Satisfaction influences consumers’ booking intentions, hotel choice, loyalty, and the reputation and performance of accommodation establishments. Thus, accurate decision making by hotel managers relies on trustworthy and easily [...] Read more.
Understanding and promoting guest satisfaction is central to the economic sustainability of the hospitality industry. Satisfaction influences consumers’ booking intentions, hotel choice, loyalty, and the reputation and performance of accommodation establishments. Thus, accurate decision making by hotel managers relies on trustworthy and easily accessible information on the variables that affect guest satisfaction. Nowadays, this information is available through reviews and ratings provided by online platforms, such as TripAdvisor. Indeed, much research into guest satisfaction uses TripAdvisor reviews. However, this study aims to analyse guest satisfaction using only TripAdvisor ratings. These ratings can be more succinct and tractable indicators than reviews. A sample of 118 hotels in Cape Verde and the Azores, two archipelagos belonging to Macaronesia, and a descriptive, predictive, and discriminant methodology are employed for this purpose. Four main results are obtained. First, the rated items on TripAdvisor are consistent with the scientific literature on this topic. Second, TripAdvisor ratings are valid and reliable. Third, TripAdvisor ratings can predict guest satisfaction based on the perceived quality of hotel services. Fourth, there are significant differences in ratings depending on the tourism destination chosen. These results are of interest to researchers, tourists, as well as hotel, destination, and platform managers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
22 pages, 814 KiB  
Article
When Institutions Cannot Keep up with Artificial Intelligence: Expiration Theory and the Risk of Institutional Invalidation
by Victor Frimpong
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070263 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 179
Abstract
As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly surpass or replace traditional human roles, institutions founded on beliefs in human cognitive superiority, moral authority, and procedural oversight encounter a more profound challenge than mere disruption: expiration. This paper posits that, instead of being outperformed, many legacy [...] Read more.
As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly surpass or replace traditional human roles, institutions founded on beliefs in human cognitive superiority, moral authority, and procedural oversight encounter a more profound challenge than mere disruption: expiration. This paper posits that, instead of being outperformed, many legacy institutions are becoming epistemically misaligned with the realities of AI-driven environments. To clarify this change, the paper presents the Expiration Theory. This conceptual model interprets institutional collapse not as a market failure but as the erosion of fundamental assumptions amid technological shifts. In addition, the paper introduces the AI Pressure Clock, a diagnostic tool that categorizes institutions based on their vulnerability to AI disruption and their capacity to adapt to it. Through an analysis across various sectors, including law, healthcare, education, finance, and the creative industries, the paper illustrates how specific systems are nearing functional obsolescence while others are actively restructuring their foundational norms. As a conceptual study, the paper concludes by highlighting the theoretical, policy, and leadership ramifications, asserting that institutional survival in the age of AI relies not solely on digital capabilities but also on the capacity to redefine the core principles of legitimacy, authority, and decision-making. Full article
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16 pages, 534 KiB  
Article
Policing Effects on Black Entrepreneurs’ Financial Performance: The Moderating Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions
by Ikenna Uzuegbunam
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070262 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 204
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a context-based empirical investigation of the racialized effect of policing on the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs. Given the historical role of race in policing in the United States, we expect that the degree of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to provide a context-based empirical investigation of the racialized effect of policing on the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs. Given the historical role of race in policing in the United States, we expect that the degree of the policing of the Black population in a state will be negatively associated with the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs in the state. The sample for this study is drawn from quarterly police stop data across 14 states from the Stanford Open Policing Project, which is matched with state-level data from the Merchant Maverick ranking of best states for Black entrepreneurs. The sample size is 164 observations over 2013–2015 pertaining to police search rates of Blacks. Findings from the moderated, multivariate regression analysis reveals that the adverse effect of the policing of Black Americans on Black entrepreneurs’ financial performance can be relieved by state-level religiosity and the legalization of marijuana (or cannabis; a mind-altering drug produced from the hemp plant). This research demonstrates the important role of religious and legal institutional mechanisms in countering the economically destructive effects of policing on Black entrepreneurship in the United States. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inclusive Ventures: Navigating Entrepreneurial Ecosystems & Economic Policies for Black and Minority Entrepreneurs)
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21 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
Entrepreneurial Education and Innovation Intentions Among University Students: A Structural Assessment of Opportunity Recognition, Psychological Capital, and Fear of Failure
by Suha Tahan
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070261 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 196
Abstract
In academia, innovation intentions among students are a highly sought-after outcome due to their overarching positive impacts on performance and well-being, especially in the higher education context. This research addresses entrepreneurial education and its influence on innovation intentions across several universities in Beirut, [...] Read more.
In academia, innovation intentions among students are a highly sought-after outcome due to their overarching positive impacts on performance and well-being, especially in the higher education context. This research addresses entrepreneurial education and its influence on innovation intentions across several universities in Beirut, Lebanon. The research also examines the indirect effects of opportunity recognition and psychological capital as mediators and fear of failure as a moderator. Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior, the stimulus-organism-response model, and the entrepreneurial event model, a survey was designed. A total of 263 samples were collected from the students of three universities in Beirut where the academic setting was English, and international students were present. Using Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling, the data was analyzed, and the hypotheses were supported. Results suggest that the learning environment in universities is a major determinant of innovative outcomes for students. However, implementation of entrepreneurial education alone cannot be as effective as it needs to be; it must be complemented by initiatives that enhance perceptions and internal capabilities of students to achieve innovation in their behaviors. This highlights the vitality of psychological capital and fear of failure in this context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Innovative Learning Environments and Entrepreneurial Learning)
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23 pages, 627 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Digital Transformation Job Autonomy on Lawyers’ Support for Law Firms’ Digital Initiatives: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Adjustment and the Moderating Effect of Leaders’ Empathy
by Bowei Liu, Shuang Cheng, Qiwei Zhou and Xueting Shi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070260 - 5 Jul 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Digital transformation has reshaped knowledge creation patterns, business models, and practices within the legal industry. However, many organizations have struggled to realize the anticipated benefits of digital transformation due to individual adaptation barriers. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study employs both [...] Read more.
Digital transformation has reshaped knowledge creation patterns, business models, and practices within the legal industry. However, many organizations have struggled to realize the anticipated benefits of digital transformation due to individual adaptation barriers. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study employs both regression analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the mechanisms and the boundary conditions through which digital transformation job autonomy affects lawyers’ supportive behaviors toward digital change in law firms. The regression analysis of multi-wave survey data from 423 lawyers demonstrates that digital transformation job autonomy not only has a direct positive effect on lawyers’ digital transformation-supportive behaviors, but also indirectly promotes such behaviors through lawyers’ cognitive adjustment in the workplace. Furthermore, leader empathy enhances the relationship between digital transformation job autonomy and supportive behaviors. The fsQCA results identify multiple pathways leading to high and low levels of digital transformation-supportive behaviors among lawyers. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how organizations foster individual support for digital transformation. Full article
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19 pages, 387 KiB  
Article
Ignorantics: The Theory, Research, and Practice of Ignorance in Organizational Survival and Prosperity
by Rouxelle De Villiers
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070259 - 5 Jul 2025
Viewed by 365
Abstract
This study responds to the call by some scholars to establish a framework for ignorance. It challenges the myth that ignorance is all bad and an utterly undesirable state in organizations and proposes a new framework for the application of ignorance analytics in [...] Read more.
This study responds to the call by some scholars to establish a framework for ignorance. It challenges the myth that ignorance is all bad and an utterly undesirable state in organizations and proposes a new framework for the application of ignorance analytics in organizations. It includes a taxonomy of deliberate and unconscious ignorance in decision-making and judgment as well as the drivers of personal and corporate deliberate ignorance and their behavioral implications. Ignorance plays a substantial role in competency development, scientific progress, innovation, and organizational strategic advantage. The proposed framework can help developers of talent, including management trainers, educators, and HR practitioners, to recognize the drivers of willful ignorance and help managers design effective interventions to move employees from unconscious incompetence to mastery. This paper suggests an agenda and identifies opportunities for future research. Full article
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18 pages, 456 KiB  
Article
KPIs for Digital Accelerators: A Critical Review
by Nuno J. P. Rodrigues
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070258 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 310
Abstract
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying the KPIs of digital accelerators. Therefore, a critical review was developed and we derived clear recommendations in terms of KPIs that researchers must consider when evaluating digital accelerators applicable to startups. Digital startup businesses must [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying the KPIs of digital accelerators. Therefore, a critical review was developed and we derived clear recommendations in terms of KPIs that researchers must consider when evaluating digital accelerators applicable to startups. Digital startup businesses must focus on product, external factors, process, capability, organizational factors, and market to achieve sustainability. The proposed framework asserts that profitability, growth, productivity, and size are key categories that should be taken into consideration while grouping KPIs. These categories should be grouped into three different dimensions, economic, technological, and organization/client. The proposed KPIs can help the accelerator program evaluate its own performance and make the necessary adjustments to improve the program and eventually measure the startup’s success. Full article
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22 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Dark Triad in the Margins: Narcissism and Moral Erosion Among Marginal Migrant Entrepreneurs
by Abdelaziz Abdalla Alowais and Abubakr Suliman
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070257 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 298
Abstract
In informal economic contexts, migrant entrepreneurs have been extolled as highly resilient and adaptable. This study critically investigates the adverse psychological foundations inherent in such enterprises, focusing on how dark triad personality traits emerge in the leadership orientations of marginal migrant entrepreneurs. Following [...] Read more.
In informal economic contexts, migrant entrepreneurs have been extolled as highly resilient and adaptable. This study critically investigates the adverse psychological foundations inherent in such enterprises, focusing on how dark triad personality traits emerge in the leadership orientations of marginal migrant entrepreneurs. Following a qualitative ethnographic approach, this research engaged 10–15 migrant employees through participant observation, field notes, and semi-structured interviews in an informal economic context. Thematic analysis revealed five dominant patterns: narcissistic leadership with entitlement and emotional disrespect; Machiavellian behavior of manipulation and deception; psychopathic detachment in emotional callousness; absence of light triad actions such as empathy, humility, and selflessness; and moral disengagement through rationalizations such as “everyone does it” or system blame. Migrant business owners prefer to rationalize their exploitative acts as being necessary for economic survival, thus legitimizing immoral conduct and suppressing moral self-regulation. The findings indicate that marginality not only drives entrepreneurial innovation, but also has the potential to create exploitative inclinations that are institutionally and morally unchecked. Solving this issue requires not only mere psychological awareness, but also systematic reforms that foster ethical robustness and emotional sensitivity. This study ultimately asserts the need to reframe migrant entrepreneurship discourse, including both ethical and psychological accountability. Full article
21 pages, 778 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Work Environment on Teachers’ Performance in Crisis-Affected Educational Settings
by Soha El Achi, Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf, Hwayda Barakat and Jeanne Laure Mawad
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070256 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 392
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and the work environment on teacher performance, with a particular focus on how the work environment moderates this relationship within crisis-affected educational settings. A quantitative, survey-based approach was adopted, utilizing a random sample of 509 [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and the work environment on teacher performance, with a particular focus on how the work environment moderates this relationship within crisis-affected educational settings. A quantitative, survey-based approach was adopted, utilizing a random sample of 509 teachers from various schools across Lebanon. Data analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4 to assess direct and moderating relationships. The results reveal that while the work environment has a strong and significant positive effect on teacher performance, transformational leadership does not exhibit a statistically significant direct impact. This contrasts with prior studies conducted in stable educational settings, where transformational leadership has consistently been linked to improved teacher performance. The findings suggest that prolonged socio-economic and political crises shift teachers’ reliance more toward a supportive work environment, as basic stability and resource availability become more critical determinants of performance. In such conditions, leadership effectiveness appears contingent on the presence of a positive work environment. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the fundamental role of the work environment in shaping leadership effectiveness and teacher performance in crisis contexts. It offers empirical insights to inform leadership practices and policy interventions in fragile educational systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigating New Horizons in Organization Theory: Emerging Trends and Innovative Perspectives)
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16 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Strengths, Gaps, and Challenges in the Decision-Making Processes in the Design of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, Australia
by Andrew Joyce, Gemma Carey and Fiona Buick
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070255 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
This study examines the decision-making processes that were used in the development of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It draws on research that highlights that decision-making can be improved if organisations follow specific decision-making processes. This study sought to examine whether formal [...] Read more.
This study examines the decision-making processes that were used in the development of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It draws on research that highlights that decision-making can be improved if organisations follow specific decision-making processes. This study sought to examine whether formal decision-making rules and processes were used in the development of the NDIS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 58 senior public servants between 2016 and 2021 in the Commonwealth government departments that had policy oversight and responsibility for both the design and implementation of the NDIS. The data showed that there were examples of data-driven decisions and risk analysis used, but also considerable gaps in decision-making processes. These gaps potentially resulted in poorer decision-making quality, which may have negatively impacted the design of the NDIS and could potentially explain some of the current problems with the scheme. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research to improve decision-making processes within public administration. Full article
29 pages, 1248 KiB  
Article
The Paradox of Trust: How Leadership, Commitment, and Inertia Shape Sustainability Behavior in the Workplace
by Winston Silvestre, Sérgio Begnini and Isabel Abreu
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070254 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
This study explores the factors driving employees’ sustainability-switching behaviors (SSBs) by integrating the Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 132 professionals actively involved in organizational [...] Read more.
This study explores the factors driving employees’ sustainability-switching behaviors (SSBs) by integrating the Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 132 professionals actively involved in organizational sustainability initiatives across diverse industries and global regions. The findings reveal that leadership commitment significantly fosters both affective and normative employee commitments, with normative commitment positively influencing SSB. Surprisingly, organizational trust showed a negative impact on SSB, suggesting that employees may delegate responsibility for sustainability to the organization when trust is high. Inertia emerged as a strong barrier to behavioral change, independently inhibiting sustainability efforts. The study highlights the complex dynamics among leadership, trust, and inertia, offering practical insights for organizations aiming to foster sustainability. Addressing inertia directly and promoting shared responsibility for sustainability are critical for successful organizational transitions. Future research should explore the psychological mechanisms behind inertia and further investigate the paradoxical role of trust in sustainability initiatives. Full article
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28 pages, 2996 KiB  
Article
Integrating the SDGs into Corporate Strategy: A Case Study of EDP Group
by Helena Costa Oliveira, Marta Gomes, Isabel Maldonado, Susana Bastos and Paulino Silva
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070253 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 597
Abstract
This research investigates the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the business practices of the Portuguese energy giant EDP Group. We analyse the company’s annual reports, sustainability reports, and public statements to explore the motivations, challenges, and key organisational dimensions involved [...] Read more.
This research investigates the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the business practices of the Portuguese energy giant EDP Group. We analyse the company’s annual reports, sustainability reports, and public statements to explore the motivations, challenges, and key organisational dimensions involved in this process. Our findings reveal that EDP Group’s strong commitment to sustainability, external pressures, and stakeholder expectations have driven the integration of the SDGs into its strategic and operational plans. The company’s cultural emphasis on environmental and social responsibility and formal management control systems has facilitated this integration. However, challenges such as the lack of standardised metrics to measure social and environmental impacts and the evolving regulatory landscape hinder progress. This study contributes to understanding how large corporations can effectively integrate the SDGs into their business models, providing valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers. Full article
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26 pages, 4284 KiB  
Article
Scientometric Analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation: Research Mapping and Opportunity Areas
by José Rubiales-Núñez, Andrés Rubio, Luis Araya-Castillo, Hugo Moraga-Flores and Carlos Gómez-Pantoja
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070252 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 269
Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), a fundamental concept in strategic management and business performance. Through a bibliometric approach, 4314 articles indexed in the Web of Science from 1975 to 2024 were analyzed using advanced network analysis tools [...] Read more.
This research presents a comprehensive scientometric analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), a fundamental concept in strategic management and business performance. Through a bibliometric approach, 4314 articles indexed in the Web of Science from 1975 to 2024 were analyzed using advanced network analysis tools such as VOSviewer to examine the evolution of scientific production, citations, authors, journals, institutions, and the most influential countries in the field. The findings reveal an exponential growth in “EO” research over the past decades, with a high concentration of scientific output in the last eight years. The United States leads in publication volume and citations, followed by other countries with an increasing contribution. Co-authorship patterns and academic collaboration clusters have been identified, consolidating key research lines that link “EO” with innovation, market orientation, and business performance. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of “EO” research, offering valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and professionals interested in new theoretical directions and practical applications that foster knowledge development and business competitiveness. Full article
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15 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
Burnout and Work Engagement in Young Endocrinologists: Do Organizational Variables Matter?
by Yura Loscalzo, Giuseppe Lisco, Simonetta Marucci, Roberto Attanasio, Renato Cozzi, Marco Giannini and Vincenzo Triggiani
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070251 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 186
Abstract
The impact of work engagement and burnout on medical activities, physicians’ performance, and quality of care has gained interest over the last decades. However, the effect of demographics, job-related, and organizational variables on burnout and work engagement in young endocrinologists has not been [...] Read more.
The impact of work engagement and burnout on medical activities, physicians’ performance, and quality of care has gained interest over the last decades. However, the effect of demographics, job-related, and organizational variables on burnout and work engagement in young endocrinologists has not been fully investigated. To assess the impact of demographics, job-related, and organizational variables on burnout and work engagement in young endocrinologists who joined the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. The levels of burnout and work engagement were assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, respectively, as a part of an online survey of the “Associazione Medici Endocrinologi” addressed to young members (31–40 years). Eighteen MANOVAs were applied to analyze differences in burnout and work engagement based on demographic, job-related, and organizational factors. We collected responses from 160 young endocrinologists, mainly women (80.6%), aged 31–35 years (33.8%) and 36–40 years (66.2%). Most were in a stable relationship with (40%) or without (45%) children. Most of them worked in hospitals or local healthcare districts (35.6%), as independent contractors (31.9%), or as Ph.D. students or residents (25.6%). Multivariate analyses found no statistically significant differences in burnout and work engagement due to demographics (gender, age, and partnership) and job-related variables (type of job and contract). On the other hand, organizational variables (levels of conflict amongst colleagues, more than expected time spent working, and no involvement in team-building activities) were associated with higher emotional exhaustion, lower dedication, and less vigor. The novelty of the study is that both burnout and work engagement can be affected by organizational variables in early-career Italian endocrinologists, highlighting the need for supporting the healthcare system to overcome this gap. Full article
18 pages, 1150 KiB  
Article
A Systematic Literature Review on the Impact of Business Intelligence on Organization Agility
by Luay Malawani, Ramón Sanguinoa and Juan Luis Tato Jiménez
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070250 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
Background: In today’s rapidly evolving business environment, organizational agility (OA) has become increasingly critical for companies to maintain competitiveness and sustainability. Business intelligence (BI) is pivotal in enabling organizational agility by providing the necessary tools and insights to navigate uncertainties and capitalize on [...] Read more.
Background: In today’s rapidly evolving business environment, organizational agility (OA) has become increasingly critical for companies to maintain competitiveness and sustainability. Business intelligence (BI) is pivotal in enabling organizational agility by providing the necessary tools and insights to navigate uncertainties and capitalize on opportunities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BI and organizational agility, particularly within the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The systematic literature review followed Kitchenham’s guidelines, which was supplemented with a VOS analysis to visualize the interconnectedness of BI and organizational agility. The analysis revealed a direct relationship between BI and organizational agility, with the critical variables of innovation, competitive advantage, firm performance, and dynamic capabilities influencing this connection. The MENA region shows promise in contributing to this field, but further research is needed. Leveraging BI capabilities can enhance organizational agility, positioning companies for sustained success amidst uncertainty. Addressing challenges and fostering a supportive organizational culture is essential for realizing the full potential of BI-driven agility. This study makes an original and timely contribution by examining the relationship between business intelligence (BI) and organizational agility (OA) through a systematic literature review across multiple countries. The study focuses specifically on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which has received insufficient attention in previous research. Unlike previous studies that focus on isolated cases, this work combines bibliometric analysis with a structured review methodology. It provides a clear summary of how BI supports key outcomes such as innovation, dynamic capabilities, and competitive advantage Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
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18 pages, 412 KiB  
Article
The Adoption of Modern Sports Technologies from Professional Settings to Everyday Life
by Ivana Gabrišová, Gabriel Koman, Jakub Soviar and Martin Holubčík
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070249 - 28 Jun 2025
Viewed by 450
Abstract
This study examines how advanced sports technologies, initially designed for elite athletes, are being applied in everyday contexts. Despite the proliferation of wearable and AI-powered tools, the sports management literature has largely overlooked how these innovations transition from professional use to consumer settings. [...] Read more.
This study examines how advanced sports technologies, initially designed for elite athletes, are being applied in everyday contexts. Despite the proliferation of wearable and AI-powered tools, the sports management literature has largely overlooked how these innovations transition from professional use to consumer settings. Addressing this gap, the article evaluates key technologies based on cost, complexity, accessibility, and user-friendliness to determine their viability for broader adoption. The findings reveal a clear divide: while affordable, intuitive devices like WHOOP bands and Polar monitors are well-suited for general use, complex systems such as SportVU and VALD remain limited to elite environments. This study underscores simplicity, affordability, and contextual usability as critical enablers of adoption. By connecting theoretical innovation models with real-world patterns, this research offers practical guidance for developers, educators, and policymakers seeking to promote equitable access to sports technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Capital Development—New Perspectives for Diverse Domains)
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35 pages, 1550 KiB  
Article
Leadership and Mediation Approaches for Social Cohesion in the Greek Public Sector
by Kyriaki Aravidou, Sotiria Triantari and Ioannis Zervas
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070248 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 880
Abstract
This study investigates how inclusive leadership, mentorship, and digital tools shape conflict prevention and social cohesion within the Greek public sector. Employing a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from 203 employees across municipalities, ministries, regional, and decentralized administrations. The survey instrument captured [...] Read more.
This study investigates how inclusive leadership, mentorship, and digital tools shape conflict prevention and social cohesion within the Greek public sector. Employing a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from 203 employees across municipalities, ministries, regional, and decentralized administrations. The survey instrument captured four dimensions: leadership and mediation for social cohesion, mentorship for the empowerment of vulnerable groups, use of digital tools, and the perceived social impact of inadequate conflict management. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test direct and indirect effects, evaluate the explanatory and predictive power of the model, and explore the mediation mechanisms linking leadership, mentorship, and digital tools to social cohesion. The results demonstrate that both leadership and mentorship are positively perceived and significantly interrelated, jointly enhancing workplace cohesion and trust. Mentorship emerged as a critical predictor of digital tool adoption, highlighting its role as a bridge for digital inclusion and organizational innovation. In contrast, digital tools, despite their high importance in the model, remain underutilized and require further investment in training and integration. Poor conflict management is perceived as a major organizational risk, strongly linked to increased stress, diminished trust, and a deteriorated workplace climate. These findings highlight the value of integrating mentorship and inclusive leadership with mediation and digital technologies, supporting the development of hybrid strategies for conflict management. The study enriches theoretical debates on organizational resilience and social cohesion, while offering practical recommendations for modernizing public administration through participatory leadership, targeted mentoring programs, and the thoughtful adoption of digital solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Leadership in Fostering Positive Employee Relationships)
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19 pages, 424 KiB  
Article
Board Size and Financial Performance as a Driver for Social Innovation: Evidence from Italian Local State-Owned Enterprises
by Cristina Cersosimo and Nathalie Colasanti
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070247 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 315
Abstract
This article investigates the effects of board size on financial performance and the indirect effects of this relationship on social innovation (SI). An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was run on a stratified random sample of 111 Italian local state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Data [...] Read more.
This article investigates the effects of board size on financial performance and the indirect effects of this relationship on social innovation (SI). An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model was run on a stratified random sample of 111 Italian local state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Data refer to the year 2018. Many other prior studies have provided empirical evidence on the connection between board size and financial performance, with controversial results. In addition, none of them have investigated the context of local Italian SOEs, and none have linked this relationship with SI. This gap is significant given the growing role of Italian local SOEs in addressing public needs and promoting SI. We discovered that a larger board enhances financial performance in the sample analysed. This result finds its foundations in resource dependence theory, independence theory, and in the work of some agency theorists, and it also supports these theoretical lenses. In addition, in line with arguments on the theory of shared value, we support the view that the positive relationship between board size and financial performance incentivises SI. Full article
20 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Driving Innovative Work Behavior Among University Teachers Through Work Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support
by Pouya Zargar, Amira Daouk and Sarah Chahine
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070246 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
Leaders are critical players in determining how their employees behave in the workplace. Particularly in higher education, teachers are required to utilize psychological, social, and physical resources to perform their tasks. This, along with institutional limitations, renders the role of ethical leaders more [...] Read more.
Leaders are critical players in determining how their employees behave in the workplace. Particularly in higher education, teachers are required to utilize psychological, social, and physical resources to perform their tasks. This, along with institutional limitations, renders the role of ethical leaders more critical for driving positive performance outcomes. In this context, the current study investigates the role of ethical leadership on innovative work behavior of university teachers in Turkey. To provide a better understanding, mediating effect of work engagement and the moderating impact of perceived organizational support are also analyzed. With a total of 211 surveys gathered in a cross-sectional manner and using partial least squares—structural equation modeling with Smart-PLS software—the hypotheses were tested. By embedding social exchange, self-determination, and organizational support theories, the current study highlights the importance of the unique characteristics of ethical leaders in academia as antecedents of innovation for teachers, implementing long-term positive changes in the faculty. When institutional support systems exist, faculty deans can trigger engagement by leveraging the facilities and initiatives of the university, ultimately enhancing the learning environment of students while tending to the wellbeing of academic staff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Innovative Learning Environments and Entrepreneurial Learning)
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19 pages, 732 KiB  
Article
Innovation and Resignification: Social Entrepreneurship for Reincorporating Women into Peace Communities
by Luz Elena Malagón-Castro, José Carlos Vázquez-Parra, Gloria Clemencia Valencia-González and Luis Guillermo Restrepo-Jaramillo
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070245 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 403
Abstract
Around the world, many post-conflict societies face the pressing challenge of reintegrating former combatants, especially women, into community life in ways that promote peace and sustainable development. Educational strategies that foster Social Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Complex Thinking are increasingly recognized as essential tools [...] Read more.
Around the world, many post-conflict societies face the pressing challenge of reintegrating former combatants, especially women, into community life in ways that promote peace and sustainable development. Educational strategies that foster Social Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Complex Thinking are increasingly recognized as essential tools in this process, helping to rebuild social cohesion and empower local leadership. This study evaluates the impact of the SEL4C methodology on strengthening key competencies in Social Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Complex Thinking among 49 women signatories of the Peace Agreement in Colombia, who currently live in the Mariana Páez Territorial Training and Reincorporation Space (ETCR). Through a pre- and post-intervention design using validated instruments and statistical analyses (paired t-tests and effect size calculations), the study found significant improvements in areas such as Social Awareness, Social Innovation, and Scientific Thinking. Although the gains in Complex Thinking were moderate, the results show that the methodology effectively enhanced leadership skills and the ability to address systemic challenges—both crucial for successful reintegration. In practical terms, the findings support the use of SEL4C by organizations working in peacebuilding, educational institutions, and public programs that seek to empower women in vulnerable contexts. The methodology’s adaptability and evidence-based structure make it a valuable resource for designing participatory training processes focused on innovation, sustainability, and community transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Development)
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