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Adm. Sci., Volume 15, Issue 7 (July 2025) – 46 articles

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19 pages, 1467 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Labour Market Expectations in the Digital World Based on Job Advertisements
by Zoltán Musinszki, Erika Horváthné Csolák and Katalin Lipták
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070282 - 18 Jul 2025
Abstract
Job advertisements play a key role in human resource management as they are the first contact between employers and potential employees. A well-written job advertisement communicates not only the requirements and expectations of the position but also the culture, values, and goals of [...] Read more.
Job advertisements play a key role in human resource management as they are the first contact between employers and potential employees. A well-written job advertisement communicates not only the requirements and expectations of the position but also the culture, values, and goals of the organisation. Transparent and attractive advertisements increase the number of applicants and help to select the right candidates, leading to more efficient recruitment and selection processes in the long run. From a human resource management perspective, effective job advertising can give organisations a competitive advantage. Continuous changes in the labour market and technological developments require new competencies. Digitalisation, automation, and data-driven decision-making have brought IT, analytical, and communication skills to the fore. There is a growing emphasis on soft skills such as problem solving, flexibility, and teamwork, which are essential in a fast-changing work environment. Job advertisements should reflect these expectations so that candidates are aware of the competencies and skills required for the position. The aim of the study is to carry out a cross-country comparative analysis for a few pre-selected jobs based on data extracted from the CEDEFOP database as it is assumed that there are differences between countries in the European Union in terms of the expectations of workers for the same jobs. Full article
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21 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
The Invisible Bond: Exploring the Sequential Mediation of Interpersonal Connections and Engagement in the Relationship Between the Onboarding Process and Talent Retention
by Beatriz Costa and Rosa Isabel Rodrigues
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070281 - 17 Jul 2025
Abstract
In an increasingly competitive labour market, talent retention has become a critical challenge for organisations. In this context, the onboarding process assumes a strategic role, as it not only facilitates employee integration but also strengthens ties with peers and direct supervisors, enhances engagement [...] Read more.
In an increasingly competitive labour market, talent retention has become a critical challenge for organisations. In this context, the onboarding process assumes a strategic role, as it not only facilitates employee integration but also strengthens ties with peers and direct supervisors, enhances engagement levels, and consequently fosters retention within the organisation. This study involved 280 employees. A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was adopted to validate the proposed hypotheses. Data were collected from a convenience sample of employees through a questionnaire survey. The results revealed that the onboarding process had a significantly positive impact on talent retention. Furthermore, both interpersonal connections and engagement were found to mediate the relationship between the onboarding process and talent retention, confirming a sequential mediation effect. These findings reinforce that an effective onboarding process strengthens interpersonal relationships, boosts engagement, and thereby enhances talent retention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Talent Management Strategies for Sustainable Employee Retention)
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26 pages, 1790 KiB  
Article
From Values to Intentions: Drivers and Barriers of Plant-Based Food Consumption in a Cross-Border Context
by Manuel José Serra da Fonseca, Helena Sofia Rodrigues, Bruno Barbosa Sousa and Mário Pinto Ribeiro
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070280 - 17 Jul 2025
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered consumer habits, particularly in relation to food choices. In this context, plant-based diets have gained prominence, driven by health, environmental, and ethical considerations. This study investigates the primary motivational and inhibitory factors influencing the consumption of plant-based [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered consumer habits, particularly in relation to food choices. In this context, plant-based diets have gained prominence, driven by health, environmental, and ethical considerations. This study investigates the primary motivational and inhibitory factors influencing the consumption of plant-based foods among residents of the Galicia–Northern Portugal Euroregion. Utilizing the Theory of Reasoned Action, an extended model was proposed and tested through a quantitative survey. A total of 214 valid responses were collected via an online questionnaire distributed in Portuguese and Spanish. Linear regression analysis revealed that health awareness, animal welfare, and environmental concern significantly shape positive attitudes, which subsequently affect the intention to consume plant-based foods. Additionally, perceived barriers—such as lack of taste and insufficient information—were found to negatively influence intention. These findings contribute to the consumer behavior literature and provide strategic insights for stakeholders aiming to promote more sustainable dietary patterns in culturally connected cross-border regions. Full article
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31 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
Let Me Know What Kind of Leader You Are, and I Will Tell You If I Stay: The Role of Well-Being in the Relationship Between Leadership and Turnover Intentions
by Irina Raquel Rodrigues, Ana Palma-Moreira and Manuel Au-Yong-Oliveira
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070279 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 130
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the association of leadership with turnover intentions and whether this relationship is mediated by employee well-being. The sample consists of approximately 306 individuals working in organizations based in Portugal. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive [...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze the association of leadership with turnover intentions and whether this relationship is mediated by employee well-being. The sample consists of approximately 306 individuals working in organizations based in Portugal. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive and significant association with turnover intentions, while the relationship between transactional leadership and turnover intentions is negative and significant. Both transformational leadership and transactional leadership have a positive and significant association with well-being. Well-being has a negative and significant association with turnover intentions. Well-being only has a mediating effect on the relationship between transactional leadership and turnover intentions. This study contributes to the advancement of academic research and knowledge about the mechanisms through which transformational and transactional leadership styles can influence employees’ turnover intentions, as well as providing empirical evidence on the mediating role of psychological well-being. In addition, practical insights are offered to organizational leaders and managers on adopting practices that foster psychological well-being in the workplace, thereby reducing employee turnover intentions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Leadership in Fostering Positive Employee Relationships)
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17 pages, 493 KiB  
Article
The Power of Digital Engagement: Unveiling How Social Media Shapes Customer Responsiveness in the Food and Beverage Industry
by Nada Sarkis, Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf and Souha Al Geitany
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070278 - 15 Jul 2025
Viewed by 303
Abstract
Social media platforms have become essential tools for businesses aiming to engage audiences through innovative communication, particularly in the food and beverage industry. This study explores the impact of three core digital marketing strategies, namely, social media advertisements, electronic word of mouth, and [...] Read more.
Social media platforms have become essential tools for businesses aiming to engage audiences through innovative communication, particularly in the food and beverage industry. This study explores the impact of three core digital marketing strategies, namely, social media advertisements, electronic word of mouth, and digital influencers, on customer responsiveness in the Lebanese food and beverage sector. Based on a cross-sectional survey of 400 participants, the findings reveal that social media advertisements significantly and positively influence customer responsiveness (β = 0.227, p < 0.001). Likewise, electronic word of mouth strongly predicts customer responsiveness (β = 0.453, p < 0.001), affirming the power of customer-generated content in shaping brand perceptions. Furthermore, the presence of digital influencers emerged as a significant predictor of consumer reaction (β = 0.236, p < 0.001), suggesting that consumers regard influencers as credible sources when making food-related decisions. Among all predictors, electronic word of mouth demonstrated the strongest effect. Control variables such as gender, age, and social media usage intensity showed no significant effect on customer responsiveness. These findings underscore the strategic value of rich media content and peer influence in shaping consumer behavior in the food and beverage industry. The study offers practical insights for marketers seeking to enhance customer engagement and brand responsiveness in digital spaces. Full article
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22 pages, 753 KiB  
Article
Benevolent Climates and Burnout Prevention: Strategic Insights for HR Through Job Autonomy
by Carlos Santiago-Torner
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070277 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 155
Abstract
Objective: There is growing interest in analyzing whether ethical climates influence the emotional states of organizational members. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between a benevolent ethical climate, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization, taking into account [...] Read more.
Objective: There is growing interest in analyzing whether ethical climates influence the emotional states of organizational members. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between a benevolent ethical climate, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization, taking into account the mediating effect of job autonomy. Methodology: To evaluate the research hypotheses, data were collected from 448 people belonging to six organizations in the Colombian electricity sector. Statistical analysis was performed using two structural equation models (SEMs). Results: The results show that a benevolent climate and its three dimensions (friendship, group interest, and corporate social responsibility) mitigate the negative effect of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. A work environment focused on people and society triggers positive moods that prevent the loss of valuable psychological resources. On the other hand, job autonomy is a mechanism that has a direct impact on the emotional well-being of employees. Therefore, being able to intentionally direct one’s own sources of energy and motivation prevents an imbalance between resources and demands that blocks the potential effect of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Practical implications: This study has important practical implications. First, an ethical climate that seeks to build a caring environment needs to strengthen emotional communication among employees through a high perception of support. Second, organizations need to grow and achieve strategic objectives from a perspective of solidarity. Third, a benevolent ethical climate needs to be nurtured by professionals with a clear vocation for service and a preference for interacting with people. Finally, job autonomy must be accompanied by the necessary time management skills. Social implications: This study highlights the importance to society of an ethical climate based on friendship, group interest, and corporate social responsibility. In a society with a marked tendency to disengage from collective problems, it is essential to make decisions that take into account the well-being of others. Originality/value: This research responds to recent calls for more studies to identify organizational contexts capable of mitigating the negative effects of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Full article
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25 pages, 762 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Digital World: An Explanatory Analysis of the Key Factors Linked to Virtual Interactivity
by Miluska Villar-Guevara, Elizabeth Emperatriz García-Salirrosas, Ledy Gómez-Bayona, David Villar, Magaly Pari-Apaza and Israel Fernández-Mallma
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070276 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 225
Abstract
Virtual interactivity in marketing has evolved significantly in recent decades, becoming an essential tool for effectively connecting with consumers in digital environments. Through interactive digital platforms, brands can generate a two-way dialogue with their customers, allowing them to obtain instant feedback and adapt [...] Read more.
Virtual interactivity in marketing has evolved significantly in recent decades, becoming an essential tool for effectively connecting with consumers in digital environments. Through interactive digital platforms, brands can generate a two-way dialogue with their customers, allowing them to obtain instant feedback and adapt their strategies quickly and effectively. This not only improves but also contributes to strengthening brand love and fostering long-term loyalty. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the effect of virtual interactivity on customer loyalty and WOM through multiple sequential mediation paths, considering the elements of relationship marketing and examining the cognitive (trust–commitment), communicational (communication–conflict management), and experiential (brand love–WOM) mechanisms that operate in digital consumer–brand interactions. A cross-sectional and explanatory study was conducted, considering 417 frequent customers of brands who also follow brands on social media. Participants included women (60.7%) and men (39.3%), ranging in age from 19 to 52 years (M = 30.9 and SD = 6.0). Data were collected using a self-report form on virtual interactivity, relationship marketing, WOW, customer loyalty, and brand love, yielding an appropriate measurement model (α = between 0.791 and 0.908; CR = between 0.791 and 0.916; AVE = between 0.679 and 0.845) which was statistically analyzed using PLS-SEM. The hypotheses confirmed the proposed model, observing the effect of virtual interactivity on important brand factors. This research provides valid results linked to the digital world in banking contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations, Projects, Challenges and Changes in A Digital World)
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24 pages, 916 KiB  
Article
Environmental Conservation and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Insights from Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Using Stakeholder and Environmental Justice Theories
by Ekene Agigwom Ebisi, Yongsheng Guo and Zahoor Ahmed Soomro
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070275 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 209
Abstract
The oil and gas industry remains vital to the global economy, yet its operations contribute significantly to environmental degradation, one of the most urgent challenges of the 21st century. This study explores the lived experiences of those directly impacted by the negative externalities [...] Read more.
The oil and gas industry remains vital to the global economy, yet its operations contribute significantly to environmental degradation, one of the most urgent challenges of the 21st century. This study explores the lived experiences of those directly impacted by the negative externalities of oil and gas activities, with a focus on gas flaring, oil spills, and habitat loss. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental conservation in lower-income countries remain underexplored in the existing literature. This study addresses that gap by specifically examining Nigeria’s oil and gas industry context. It examines the extent to which CSR initiatives address or intensify these environmental issues, raising the central question: to what extent do CSR efforts contribute meaningfully to environmental conservation, and how are they perceived by affected communities? Using an exploratory qualitative approach, this study draws on in-depth, face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders, including oil company staff and host community members. Data were analysed thematically through inductive coding, leading to the construction of one overarching theme: “CSR as a strategic response.” This theme emerged from three central codes—afforestation, shore protection, and environmental conservation and remediation. Findings suggest that CSR must evolve from transactional interventionist gestures to long-term ecological stewardship. Full article
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27 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Ethical Leadership and Management of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Role of AI in Decision Making
by Tjaša Štrukelj and Petya Dankova
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070274 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 299
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the decision-making processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) presents both significant opportunities and substantial ethical challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical model depicting the interdependence of organisational decision-making levels and [...] Read more.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the decision-making processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) presents both significant opportunities and substantial ethical challenges. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical model depicting the interdependence of organisational decision-making levels and decision-making styles, with an emphasis on exploring the role of AI in organisations’ decision making, based on selected process dimension of the MER model of integral governance and management, particularly in relation to routine, analytical, and intuitive decision-making capabilities. The research methodology employs a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the scientific literature published between 2010 and 2024, focusing on AI implementation in SMEs, ethical decision making in integral management, and regulatory frameworks governing AI use in business contexts. The findings reveal that AI technologies influence decision making across business policy, strategic, tactical, and operative management levels, with distinct implications for intuitive, analytical, and routine decision-making approaches. The analysis demonstrates that while AI can enhance data processing capabilities and reduce human biases, it presents significant challenges for normative–ethical decision making, requiring human judgment and stakeholder consideration. We conclude that effective AI integration in SMEs requires a balanced approach where AI primarily serves as a tool for data collection and analysis rather than as an autonomous decision maker. These insights contribute to the discourse on responsible AI implementation in SMEs and provide practical guidance for leaders navigating the complex interplay between (non)technological capabilities, ethical considerations, and regulatory requirements in the evolving business landscape. Full article
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19 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
Territorial Brand as a Public Governance Strategy: Cases of Brazil and Portugal
by Giovana Goretti Feijó Almeida
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070273 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 214
Abstract
Urban dynamics of the 21st century is distinguished by the prevalence and significance of cities and their constituent elements. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the territorial brand as one of the strategic elements of public governance. The [...] Read more.
Urban dynamics of the 21st century is distinguished by the prevalence and significance of cities and their constituent elements. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the territorial brand as one of the strategic elements of public governance. The methodology employs a comparative approach between four Brazilian and Portuguese cities, utilizing seven variables pertinent to the concept of a “territorial brand as a cultural product of regional development.” The results underscore the significance of strategic planning in enhancing urban competitiveness, influencing urban public governance, and reflecting on urban, cultural, social, regional, and territorial changes. The study provides insights into the implementation of a territorial brand, particularly in cities with a cultural focus, offering a comprehensive understanding of how this governance strategy can shape urban development and reinforce local cultural identity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
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35 pages, 3495 KiB  
Article
Demographic Capital and the Conditional Validity of SERVPERF: Rethinking Tourist Satisfaction Models in an Emerging Market Destination
by Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer, Alexander Sánchez-Rodríguez, Gelmar García-Vidal, Rodobaldo Martínez-Vivar, Marcos Eduardo Valdés-Alarcón and Margarita De Miguel-Guzmán
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070272 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 305
Abstract
Tourist satisfaction models typically assume that service performance dimensions carry the same weight for all travelers. Drawing on Bourdieu, we reconceptualize age, gender, and region of origin as demographic capital, durable resources that mediate how visitors decode service cues. Using a SERVPERF-based survey [...] Read more.
Tourist satisfaction models typically assume that service performance dimensions carry the same weight for all travelers. Drawing on Bourdieu, we reconceptualize age, gender, and region of origin as demographic capital, durable resources that mediate how visitors decode service cues. Using a SERVPERF-based survey of 407 international travelers departing Quito (Ecuador), we test measurement invariance across six sociodemographic strata with multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The four-factor SERVPERF core (Access, Lodging, Extra-hotel Services, Attractions) holds, yet partial metric invariance emerges: specific loadings flex with demographic capital. Gen-Z travelers penalize transport reliability and safety; female visitors reward cleanliness and empathy; and Latin American guests are the most critical of basic organization. These patterns expose a boundary condition for universalistic satisfaction models and elevate demographic capital from a descriptive tag to a structuring construct. Managerially, we translate the findings into segment-sensitive levers, visible security for youth and regional markets, gender-responsive facility upgrades, and dual eco-luxury versus digital-detox bundles for long-haul segments. By demonstrating when and how SERVPERF fractures across sociodemographic lines, this study intervenes in three theoretical conversations: (1) capital-based readings of consumption, (2) the search for boundary conditions in service-quality measurement, and (3) the shift from segmentation to capital-sensitive interpretation in emerging markets. The results position Ecuador as a critical case and provide a template for destinations facing similar performance–perception mismatches in the Global South. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices)
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23 pages, 2615 KiB  
Review
Fostering Sustainable Manufacturing in Africa: A Sustainable Supply Chain Management Framework for a Green Future
by Ahmed Idi Kato and Ntise Hendrick Manchidi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070271 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) emerges as a vital catalyst for inclusive growth and sustainable development, particularly in emerging economies where the manufacturing sector is central to economic progress. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the current research landscape on SSCM in [...] Read more.
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) emerges as a vital catalyst for inclusive growth and sustainable development, particularly in emerging economies where the manufacturing sector is central to economic progress. This study offers an in-depth analysis of the current research landscape on SSCM in the context of developing nations, outlining key theoretical frameworks and advocating for a solid conceptual foundation alongside a structured agenda for future research initiatives. This study employs a structured literature review technique to analyze 92 published articles indexed by Scopus from 2013 to 2024, revealing a burgeoning trend in the subject of global supply chains in developing nations. The analysis identifies key keywords such as “sustainable supply chain management,” “manufacturing industries,” “inclusive growth,” and “supply chain and sustainability,” and develops a conceptual model that elucidates how SSCM practices can be effectively integrated into manufacturing sectors to facilitate equitable growth and enhance business competitiveness. This work’s novelty lies in employing a systematic literature review to develop a holistic SSCM conceptual framework constructed upon six primary drivers: business model innovation, inclusive SSCM, corporate governance and leadership, technological and innovation capabilities, policy and regulatory environment, and circular feedback. This model addresses the ambiguity surrounding SSCM and inclusive growth, providing a robust foundation for future research and performance measurement. This study contributes to the field by providing a practical and theoretically grounded framework for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to implement impactful and effective SSCM initiatives in developing nations’ manufacturing sectors to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development. Full article
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23 pages, 3709 KiB  
Review
Behavior and Sustainable Finance: A Bibliometric Approach
by Elena Muñoz-Muñoz, Eva Crespo-Cebada, José C. Corchado and Carlos Diaz-Caro
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070270 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 245
Abstract
This paper is intended to highlight the importance of developing knowledge on sustainable finance using bibliometric analysis. The study is based on a review of sources from two of the most prominent scientific databases in the world, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). [...] Read more.
This paper is intended to highlight the importance of developing knowledge on sustainable finance using bibliometric analysis. The study is based on a review of sources from two of the most prominent scientific databases in the world, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). A total of 372 and 355 documents were obtained from Scopus and WOS, respectively. The data indicate an exponential increase in the number of publications over the years, suggesting a growing interest in the subject and a need for further research. The research groups appear to have little connection, and the studies are widely scattered both geographically and across different research areas. Sustainable finance is an increasingly interesting field of study, with numerous branches that require further research. One such branch is the analysis of green bonds and sustainable development. Full article
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26 pages, 679 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Future Intentions in a Virtual Career: The Role of Brand Variables
by Daniel Martínez-Cevallos, Ferran Calabuig, Daniel Duclos-Bastías, Josep Crespo-Hervás and Mario Alguacil
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070269 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 281
Abstract
This study aims to analyze, through structural equation modelling, the interaction between the variables of congruence, trust, commitment, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) in the context of a virtual sporting event, determining the significant relationships between these variables and their ability to [...] Read more.
This study aims to analyze, through structural equation modelling, the interaction between the variables of congruence, trust, commitment, satisfaction and word of mouth (WOM) in the context of a virtual sporting event, determining the significant relationships between these variables and their ability to predict participants’ future intentions. A structured questionnaire based on previously validated scales was applied to a sample of participants of the Medellín Virtual Marathon. The data obtained were analyzed using structural equation modelling to examine the relationships between the variables studied. The results confirm that congruence significantly influences trust and commitment, while trust mediates its relationship with commitment, satisfaction and WOM. Furthermore, it is observed that commitment has a direct impact on satisfaction and WOM, with satisfaction being the most relevant predictor of recommendation intentions. The model used showed an adequate fit, and the instrument used presented satisfactory psychometric properties. These findings underline the importance of strengthening the congruence between participants’ identity and event branding, promoting trust through positive experiences and leveraging WOM as a key promotional tool for e-sport events. This study contributes to academic knowledge by exploring the interactions between these variables in the context of virtual sport events, offering valuable information for decision-making in the management and promotion of this type of event. Full article
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23 pages, 2055 KiB  
Article
Do CEO Traits Matter? A Machine Learning Analysis Across Emerging and Developed Markets
by Chioma Ngozi Nwafor, Obumneme Z. Nwafor, Chinonyerem Matilda Omenihu and Madina Abdrakhmanova
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070268 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 220
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance across emerging and developed economies using both panel regression and machine learning techniques. Drawing on Upper Echelons Theory, we examine whether CEO age, tenure, gender, founder status, and appointment origin influence Return [...] Read more.
This study investigates the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance across emerging and developed economies using both panel regression and machine learning techniques. Drawing on Upper Echelons Theory, we examine whether CEO age, tenure, gender, founder status, and appointment origin influence Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and market-to-book ratio. We apply the fixed and random effects models for inference and deploy random forest and XGBoost models to determine the feature importance of each CEO trait. Our findings show that CEO tenure consistently predicts improved ROE and ROA, while CEO age and founder status negatively affect firm performance. Female CEOs, though not consistently significant in the baseline models, positively influence market valuation in emerging markets according to interaction models. Firm-level characteristics such as size and leverage dominate CEO traits in explaining performance outcomes, especially in machine learning rankings. By integrating machine learning feature importance, this study contributes an original approach to CEO evaluation, enabling firms and policymakers to prioritise leadership traits that matter most. The findings have practical implications for succession planning, diversity policy, and performance-based executive appointments. Full article
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35 pages, 2545 KiB  
Article
HRM Strategies for Bridging the Digital Divide: Enhancing Digital Skills, Employee Performance, and Inclusion in Evolving Workplaces
by Ioannis Zervas and Emmanouil Stiakakis
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070267 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 272
Abstract
This study explores how Human Resource Management (HRM) can help organizations to face the challenges of digital transformation, focusing on reducing digital inequalities and improving employee performance. As digital tools become more important in workplaces, many employees still experience digital exclusion, which affects [...] Read more.
This study explores how Human Resource Management (HRM) can help organizations to face the challenges of digital transformation, focusing on reducing digital inequalities and improving employee performance. As digital tools become more important in workplaces, many employees still experience digital exclusion, which affects not only their productivity but also their sense of fairness and inclusion, as well. To investigate these issues, quantitative research was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed online to employees across EU-based companies. The data were analyzed through PLS-SEM, including IPMA and mediation analysis, to understand the relations between HRM practices, digital skills, and perceptions of organizational justice. The findings show that HRM strategies have a significant impact on bridging the digital divide, especially by promoting digital adaptability and supporting inclusive work environments. Inclusion was also found to mediate the relation between HRM and employee performance. This research offers practical suggestions, like using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to monitor digital participation and encouraging continuous learning. The study adds value by connecting digital empowerment with HRM policies in a way that supports both organizational efficiency and equality. Future research could focus on specific sectors or use longitudinal data to better capture how digital inclusion develops over time. Full article
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19 pages, 311 KiB  
Article
Exploring Gen Z Sustainable Behavior in the Hospitality Industry
by Roberta Minazzi and Daniele Grechi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070266 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 437
Abstract
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions and behaviors regarding sustainable practices in the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on the gap between intentions and actual behaviors. A significant attitude–behavior gap emerges: while the majority (69%) reports adopting sustainable practices in daily life, [...] Read more.
This study investigates Generation Z’s perceptions and behaviors regarding sustainable practices in the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on the gap between intentions and actual behaviors. A significant attitude–behavior gap emerges: while the majority (69%) reports adopting sustainable practices in daily life, only 30% actively reduce air travel. Through exploratory analysis, this study contributes to the existing literature by examining sustainability perceptions as key drivers in hotel selection, offering both theoretical and practical implications for the tourism industry. The data were collected through questionnaires and processed using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically hypothesis testing tools. The findings indicate that while Gen Z exhibits strong environmental consciousness, economic constraints remain a barrier to sustainable choices. This research suggests that tourism companies need to develop targeted strategies to make sustainable options more accessible, considering both environmental sensitivity and financial limitations of the younger generation. This work addresses a notable gap in the tourism literature regarding travelers’ perceptions of sustainable practices, particularly focusing on Generation Z as an emerging market segment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: Trends and Best Practices)
14 pages, 780 KiB  
Article
Game-Based Intervention as a Tool for Enhancing Team Adaptation
by Katarína Stachová, Zdenko Stacho and Michal Hamar
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070265 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 271
Abstract
In light of the changing demands of the labor market and the digital orientation of today’s student population, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a digital game-based intervention as a tool for enhancing team adaptation and social perception in an academic [...] Read more.
In light of the changing demands of the labor market and the digital orientation of today’s student population, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a digital game-based intervention as a tool for enhancing team adaptation and social perception in an academic environment. This research was designed as an experiment involving 90 university students who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 45) or a control group (n = 45). The experimental group participated in a multiplayer cooperative MOBA-type game, in which each participant assumed a specific team role. Before and after the intervention, participants completed a standardized questionnaire focused on team dynamics, including trust, orientation towards shared goals, and mutual awareness. The results from the Wilcoxon test and Mann–Whitney U test revealed statistically significant improvements in identifying team members’ strengths and weaknesses, a reduction in the perceived lack of trust, and an increased orientation toward shared goals. The findings confirm that a digital gaming environment can activate key mechanisms of team dynamics and may serve as an effective tool for supporting the adaptation of young employees in practice. Future research should include more diverse samples and incorporate objective observation alongside self-assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Capital Development—New Perspectives for Diverse Domains)
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20 pages, 374 KiB  
Article
Hotel Guest Satisfaction: A Predictive and Discriminant Study Using TripAdvisor Ratings
by Quiviny Jorge De Oliveira-Cardoso, José Alberto Martínez-González and Carmen D. Álvarez-Albelo
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070264 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 457
Abstract
Understanding and promoting guest satisfaction is central to the economic sustainability of the hospitality industry. Satisfaction influences consumers’ booking intentions, hotel choice, loyalty, and the reputation and performance of accommodation establishments. Thus, accurate decision making by hotel managers relies on trustworthy and easily [...] Read more.
Understanding and promoting guest satisfaction is central to the economic sustainability of the hospitality industry. Satisfaction influences consumers’ booking intentions, hotel choice, loyalty, and the reputation and performance of accommodation establishments. Thus, accurate decision making by hotel managers relies on trustworthy and easily accessible information on the variables that affect guest satisfaction. Nowadays, this information is available through reviews and ratings provided by online platforms, such as TripAdvisor. Indeed, much research into guest satisfaction uses TripAdvisor reviews. However, this study aims to analyse guest satisfaction using only TripAdvisor ratings. These ratings can be more succinct and tractable indicators than reviews. A sample of 118 hotels in Cape Verde and the Azores, two archipelagos belonging to Macaronesia, and a descriptive, predictive, and discriminant methodology are employed for this purpose. Four main results are obtained. First, the rated items on TripAdvisor are consistent with the scientific literature on this topic. Second, TripAdvisor ratings are valid and reliable. Third, TripAdvisor ratings can predict guest satisfaction based on the perceived quality of hotel services. Fourth, there are significant differences in ratings depending on the tourism destination chosen. These results are of interest to researchers, tourists, as well as hotel, destination, and platform managers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
22 pages, 814 KiB  
Article
When Institutions Cannot Keep up with Artificial Intelligence: Expiration Theory and the Risk of Institutional Invalidation
by Victor Frimpong
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070263 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly surpass or replace traditional human roles, institutions founded on beliefs in human cognitive superiority, moral authority, and procedural oversight encounter a more profound challenge than mere disruption: expiration. This paper posits that, instead of being outperformed, many legacy [...] Read more.
As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly surpass or replace traditional human roles, institutions founded on beliefs in human cognitive superiority, moral authority, and procedural oversight encounter a more profound challenge than mere disruption: expiration. This paper posits that, instead of being outperformed, many legacy institutions are becoming epistemically misaligned with the realities of AI-driven environments. To clarify this change, the paper presents the Expiration Theory. This conceptual model interprets institutional collapse not as a market failure but as the erosion of fundamental assumptions amid technological shifts. In addition, the paper introduces the AI Pressure Clock, a diagnostic tool that categorizes institutions based on their vulnerability to AI disruption and their capacity to adapt to it. Through an analysis across various sectors, including law, healthcare, education, finance, and the creative industries, the paper illustrates how specific systems are nearing functional obsolescence while others are actively restructuring their foundational norms. As a conceptual study, the paper concludes by highlighting the theoretical, policy, and leadership ramifications, asserting that institutional survival in the age of AI relies not solely on digital capabilities but also on the capacity to redefine the core principles of legitimacy, authority, and decision-making. Full article
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16 pages, 534 KiB  
Article
Policing Effects on Black Entrepreneurs’ Financial Performance: The Moderating Impact of Formal and Informal Institutions
by Ikenna Uzuegbunam
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070262 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a context-based empirical investigation of the racialized effect of policing on the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs. Given the historical role of race in policing in the United States, we expect that the degree of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to provide a context-based empirical investigation of the racialized effect of policing on the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs. Given the historical role of race in policing in the United States, we expect that the degree of the policing of the Black population in a state will be negatively associated with the financial performance of Black entrepreneurs in the state. The sample for this study is drawn from quarterly police stop data across 14 states from the Stanford Open Policing Project, which is matched with state-level data from the Merchant Maverick ranking of best states for Black entrepreneurs. The sample size is 164 observations over 2013–2015 pertaining to police search rates of Blacks. Findings from the moderated, multivariate regression analysis reveals that the adverse effect of the policing of Black Americans on Black entrepreneurs’ financial performance can be relieved by state-level religiosity and the legalization of marijuana (or cannabis; a mind-altering drug produced from the hemp plant). This research demonstrates the important role of religious and legal institutional mechanisms in countering the economically destructive effects of policing on Black entrepreneurship in the United States. Full article
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21 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
Entrepreneurial Education and Innovation Intentions Among University Students: A Structural Assessment of Opportunity Recognition, Psychological Capital, and Fear of Failure
by Suha Tahan
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070261 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 349
Abstract
In academia, innovation intentions among students are a highly sought-after outcome due to their overarching positive impacts on performance and well-being, especially in the higher education context. This research addresses entrepreneurial education and its influence on innovation intentions across several universities in Beirut, [...] Read more.
In academia, innovation intentions among students are a highly sought-after outcome due to their overarching positive impacts on performance and well-being, especially in the higher education context. This research addresses entrepreneurial education and its influence on innovation intentions across several universities in Beirut, Lebanon. The research also examines the indirect effects of opportunity recognition and psychological capital as mediators and fear of failure as a moderator. Through the lens of the theory of planned behavior, the stimulus-organism-response model, and the entrepreneurial event model, a survey was designed. A total of 263 samples were collected from the students of three universities in Beirut where the academic setting was English, and international students were present. Using Partial Least Squares—Structural Equation Modeling, the data was analyzed, and the hypotheses were supported. Results suggest that the learning environment in universities is a major determinant of innovative outcomes for students. However, implementation of entrepreneurial education alone cannot be as effective as it needs to be; it must be complemented by initiatives that enhance perceptions and internal capabilities of students to achieve innovation in their behaviors. This highlights the vitality of psychological capital and fear of failure in this context. Full article
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23 pages, 627 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Digital Transformation Job Autonomy on Lawyers’ Support for Law Firms’ Digital Initiatives: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Adjustment and the Moderating Effect of Leaders’ Empathy
by Bowei Liu, Shuang Cheng, Qiwei Zhou and Xueting Shi
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070260 - 5 Jul 2025
Viewed by 346
Abstract
Digital transformation has reshaped knowledge creation patterns, business models, and practices within the legal industry. However, many organizations have struggled to realize the anticipated benefits of digital transformation due to individual adaptation barriers. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study employs both [...] Read more.
Digital transformation has reshaped knowledge creation patterns, business models, and practices within the legal industry. However, many organizations have struggled to realize the anticipated benefits of digital transformation due to individual adaptation barriers. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources model, this study employs both regression analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the mechanisms and the boundary conditions through which digital transformation job autonomy affects lawyers’ supportive behaviors toward digital change in law firms. The regression analysis of multi-wave survey data from 423 lawyers demonstrates that digital transformation job autonomy not only has a direct positive effect on lawyers’ digital transformation-supportive behaviors, but also indirectly promotes such behaviors through lawyers’ cognitive adjustment in the workplace. Furthermore, leader empathy enhances the relationship between digital transformation job autonomy and supportive behaviors. The fsQCA results identify multiple pathways leading to high and low levels of digital transformation-supportive behaviors among lawyers. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how organizations foster individual support for digital transformation. Full article
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19 pages, 387 KiB  
Article
Ignorantics: The Theory, Research, and Practice of Ignorance in Organizational Survival and Prosperity
by Rouxelle De Villiers
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070259 - 5 Jul 2025
Viewed by 502
Abstract
This study responds to the call by some scholars to establish a framework for ignorance. It challenges the myth that ignorance is all bad and an utterly undesirable state in organizations and proposes a new framework for the application of ignorance analytics in [...] Read more.
This study responds to the call by some scholars to establish a framework for ignorance. It challenges the myth that ignorance is all bad and an utterly undesirable state in organizations and proposes a new framework for the application of ignorance analytics in organizations. It includes a taxonomy of deliberate and unconscious ignorance in decision-making and judgment as well as the drivers of personal and corporate deliberate ignorance and their behavioral implications. Ignorance plays a substantial role in competency development, scientific progress, innovation, and organizational strategic advantage. The proposed framework can help developers of talent, including management trainers, educators, and HR practitioners, to recognize the drivers of willful ignorance and help managers design effective interventions to move employees from unconscious incompetence to mastery. This paper suggests an agenda and identifies opportunities for future research. Full article
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18 pages, 456 KiB  
Article
KPIs for Digital Accelerators: A Critical Review
by Nuno J. P. Rodrigues
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070258 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying the KPIs of digital accelerators. Therefore, a critical review was developed and we derived clear recommendations in terms of KPIs that researchers must consider when evaluating digital accelerators applicable to startups. Digital startup businesses must [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for studying the KPIs of digital accelerators. Therefore, a critical review was developed and we derived clear recommendations in terms of KPIs that researchers must consider when evaluating digital accelerators applicable to startups. Digital startup businesses must focus on product, external factors, process, capability, organizational factors, and market to achieve sustainability. The proposed framework asserts that profitability, growth, productivity, and size are key categories that should be taken into consideration while grouping KPIs. These categories should be grouped into three different dimensions, economic, technological, and organization/client. The proposed KPIs can help the accelerator program evaluate its own performance and make the necessary adjustments to improve the program and eventually measure the startup’s success. Full article
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22 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Dark Triad in the Margins: Narcissism and Moral Erosion Among Marginal Migrant Entrepreneurs
by Abdelaziz Abdalla Alowais and Abubakr Suliman
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070257 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 407
Abstract
In informal economic contexts, migrant entrepreneurs have been extolled as highly resilient and adaptable. This study critically investigates the adverse psychological foundations inherent in such enterprises, focusing on how dark triad personality traits emerge in the leadership orientations of marginal migrant entrepreneurs. Following [...] Read more.
In informal economic contexts, migrant entrepreneurs have been extolled as highly resilient and adaptable. This study critically investigates the adverse psychological foundations inherent in such enterprises, focusing on how dark triad personality traits emerge in the leadership orientations of marginal migrant entrepreneurs. Following a qualitative ethnographic approach, this research engaged 10–15 migrant employees through participant observation, field notes, and semi-structured interviews in an informal economic context. Thematic analysis revealed five dominant patterns: narcissistic leadership with entitlement and emotional disrespect; Machiavellian behavior of manipulation and deception; psychopathic detachment in emotional callousness; absence of light triad actions such as empathy, humility, and selflessness; and moral disengagement through rationalizations such as “everyone does it” or system blame. Migrant business owners prefer to rationalize their exploitative acts as being necessary for economic survival, thus legitimizing immoral conduct and suppressing moral self-regulation. The findings indicate that marginality not only drives entrepreneurial innovation, but also has the potential to create exploitative inclinations that are institutionally and morally unchecked. Solving this issue requires not only mere psychological awareness, but also systematic reforms that foster ethical robustness and emotional sensitivity. This study ultimately asserts the need to reframe migrant entrepreneurship discourse, including both ethical and psychological accountability. Full article
21 pages, 778 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Work Environment on Teachers’ Performance in Crisis-Affected Educational Settings
by Soha El Achi, Nada Jabbour Al Maalouf, Hwayda Barakat and Jeanne Laure Mawad
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070256 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 541
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and the work environment on teacher performance, with a particular focus on how the work environment moderates this relationship within crisis-affected educational settings. A quantitative, survey-based approach was adopted, utilizing a random sample of 509 [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of transformational leadership and the work environment on teacher performance, with a particular focus on how the work environment moderates this relationship within crisis-affected educational settings. A quantitative, survey-based approach was adopted, utilizing a random sample of 509 teachers from various schools across Lebanon. Data analysis was conducted using Smart PLS 4 to assess direct and moderating relationships. The results reveal that while the work environment has a strong and significant positive effect on teacher performance, transformational leadership does not exhibit a statistically significant direct impact. This contrasts with prior studies conducted in stable educational settings, where transformational leadership has consistently been linked to improved teacher performance. The findings suggest that prolonged socio-economic and political crises shift teachers’ reliance more toward a supportive work environment, as basic stability and resource availability become more critical determinants of performance. In such conditions, leadership effectiveness appears contingent on the presence of a positive work environment. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the fundamental role of the work environment in shaping leadership effectiveness and teacher performance in crisis contexts. It offers empirical insights to inform leadership practices and policy interventions in fragile educational systems. Full article
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16 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Strengths, Gaps, and Challenges in the Decision-Making Processes in the Design of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, Australia
by Andrew Joyce, Gemma Carey and Fiona Buick
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070255 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
This study examines the decision-making processes that were used in the development of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It draws on research that highlights that decision-making can be improved if organisations follow specific decision-making processes. This study sought to examine whether formal [...] Read more.
This study examines the decision-making processes that were used in the development of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). It draws on research that highlights that decision-making can be improved if organisations follow specific decision-making processes. This study sought to examine whether formal decision-making rules and processes were used in the development of the NDIS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 58 senior public servants between 2016 and 2021 in the Commonwealth government departments that had policy oversight and responsibility for both the design and implementation of the NDIS. The data showed that there were examples of data-driven decisions and risk analysis used, but also considerable gaps in decision-making processes. These gaps potentially resulted in poorer decision-making quality, which may have negatively impacted the design of the NDIS and could potentially explain some of the current problems with the scheme. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research to improve decision-making processes within public administration. Full article
29 pages, 1248 KiB  
Article
The Paradox of Trust: How Leadership, Commitment, and Inertia Shape Sustainability Behavior in the Workplace
by Winston Silvestre, Sérgio Begnini and Isabel Abreu
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070254 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 361
Abstract
This study explores the factors driving employees’ sustainability-switching behaviors (SSBs) by integrating the Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 132 professionals actively involved in organizational [...] Read more.
This study explores the factors driving employees’ sustainability-switching behaviors (SSBs) by integrating the Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 132 professionals actively involved in organizational sustainability initiatives across diverse industries and global regions. The findings reveal that leadership commitment significantly fosters both affective and normative employee commitments, with normative commitment positively influencing SSB. Surprisingly, organizational trust showed a negative impact on SSB, suggesting that employees may delegate responsibility for sustainability to the organization when trust is high. Inertia emerged as a strong barrier to behavioral change, independently inhibiting sustainability efforts. The study highlights the complex dynamics among leadership, trust, and inertia, offering practical insights for organizations aiming to foster sustainability. Addressing inertia directly and promoting shared responsibility for sustainability are critical for successful organizational transitions. Future research should explore the psychological mechanisms behind inertia and further investigate the paradoxical role of trust in sustainability initiatives. Full article
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28 pages, 2996 KiB  
Article
Integrating the SDGs into Corporate Strategy: A Case Study of EDP Group
by Helena Costa Oliveira, Marta Gomes, Isabel Maldonado, Susana Bastos and Paulino Silva
Adm. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15070253 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 680
Abstract
This research investigates the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the business practices of the Portuguese energy giant EDP Group. We analyse the company’s annual reports, sustainability reports, and public statements to explore the motivations, challenges, and key organisational dimensions involved [...] Read more.
This research investigates the integration of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the business practices of the Portuguese energy giant EDP Group. We analyse the company’s annual reports, sustainability reports, and public statements to explore the motivations, challenges, and key organisational dimensions involved in this process. Our findings reveal that EDP Group’s strong commitment to sustainability, external pressures, and stakeholder expectations have driven the integration of the SDGs into its strategic and operational plans. The company’s cultural emphasis on environmental and social responsibility and formal management control systems has facilitated this integration. However, challenges such as the lack of standardised metrics to measure social and environmental impacts and the evolving regulatory landscape hinder progress. This study contributes to understanding how large corporations can effectively integrate the SDGs into their business models, providing valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers. Full article
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