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Sexual violence is a major public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where women living with HIV (WLWHs) experience substantial vulnerability. This study aimed to (1) estimate the weighted prevalence of reported lifetime sexual...

Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are severe, often high-consequence, life-threatening illnesses characterized by systemic disease, hemorrhage, and high mortality. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) Annual Meeting...

Background: Measles remains a public health threat in Ghana due to persistent immunity gaps and suboptimal vaccination coverage. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine immunization and may have altered measles transmission. This study assessed measl...

The Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) program delivers community- and clinic-based interventions to reduce HIV vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15–24 years. We conducted a r...

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an important cause of progressive liver disease and fibrosis. Toxoplasma gondii infection is highly prevalent worldwide and may influence inflammatory and fibrotic pathways; however, its c...

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Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) usually causes self-limiting infection but can cause severe complications in pregnancy, chronic hemolytic disease, and immunocompromise. Contemporary data on B19V immunity in Southeast Asia remain limited. We conducted an...

Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) is a zoonotic pathogen whose burden in Latin America remains underestimated. We conducted a cross-sectional One Health surveillance study (2019–2024) in Quindío, Colombia, testing 42 pig fecal, 8 farm...

Objective: The serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were...

Leptospirosis remains a major neglected zoonotic disease in tropical and subtropical regions, where delayed diagnosis contributes to severe clinical outcomes and continued underrecognition. Although real-time PCR provides high diagnostic accuracy, it...

Background: Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) is prevalent across the Americas, yet its genomic diversity in Mexico is poorly characterized. Methods: We analyzed 119 public Mexican DENV-1 genomes (polyprotein CDS, 10,179 nt) alongside 111 from 19 othe...

The adoption and widespread use of dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) are key strategies for achieving global 2030 targets, though emerging resistance threatens long-term success. This study evaluated HIV-1 drug resistance mutation...

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) emerged across mainland Australia in 2022, causing substantial impacts on public health and the pig industry. Its emergence raised concerns regarding potential spread into Western Australia (WA). This study aimed to...

Zoonotic diseases continue to represent a major global public health challenge, requiring the coordinated efforts of professionals working at the human–animal–environment interface. Although occupational health strategies have traditional...

Pediatric cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains insufficiently characterized, particularly regarding organ-specific presentation and outcomes. This multicenter retrospective cohort included children aged 0–18 years with a definitive diagnosis of C...

Foreign-born adults make up a growing and diverse share of the U.S. population. Yet much of what is known about adult vaccination comes from studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. Many focused on a single vaccine or treated immigrants as a s...

Leishmaniasis continues to be a major neglected tropical disease, particularly in endemic areas where reliable diagnosis remains challenging. Many existing diagnostic methods are invasive, lack sufficient sensitivity, or require equipment and experti...

Aedes koreicus, the Korean bush mosquito, has emerged as a significant invasive threat across Europe since its initial detection in Belgium in 2008. Native to East Asia, this cold-tolerant, container-breeding species has established populations in mo...

Severe fungal diseases are an increasingly important yet underrecognized cause of global morbidity and mortality, with the greatest impact among immunocompromised individuals and populations with limited access to timely diagnosis and treatment. Dise...

Leprosy remains a public health challenge due to delayed diagnosis, disability, and persistent transmission despite the availability of effective treatment. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological profile of l...

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with dengue who received doxycycline had a shorter hospitalization time. Methods: An observational, retrospective, and comparative study was conducted in an anonymized databa...

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health and economic development. In Malawi, the economic costs associated with the treatment of AMR infections remain largely unknown which may hinder resource allocation...

Introduction: HIV status disclosure to children remains complex and constrained by child-, caregiver-, and health-system-level factors. Aim: To assess factors associated with caregiver-reported HIV status disclosure among children and adolescents rec...

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are highly prevalent and impose substantial individual and societal burdens. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of type I interferons (IFNs) with antiviral activity. This study investiga...

Background: Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato comprises several genotypes (G1, G3, G6–G10) that may differ in host range and clinical phenotype, but whether genotype influences localization, cyst size/stage, surgical complexity, or recurrence...

Although video-observed therapy (VOT) boasts substantial potential advantages in tuberculosis (TB) treatment management, insufficient staffing of community healthcare workers leads to inefficient and inadequate video review. The aim of the study was...

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa with pathogenic potential that also serve as environmental reservoirs for bacteria of public health importance. Owing to the lack of information on their occurrence in Honduras, this study aimed to is...

Background: Hajj is an international mass gathering in which infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship intersect. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was selected as the organism-specific focus because it is a clinically impor...

Background: The mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection prevention is a cornerstone in the control of the epidemic. HIV screening in pregnant women and timely administration of antiretroviral treatment are key actions in this prevention. This s...

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by symptoms such as cough, fever, fatigue, and myalgia. COVID-19 became widespread in Indonesia, with the highest incidence...

Parasitic neglected tropical diseases (PNTDs) are primarily infections of poverty, impaired sanitation, and environmental exposure, but only a limited subset has recognized links to malignancy. The rationale for this Perspective is that these cancer-...

Data integrating hand bioburden and antimicrobial resistance with genomic characterisation among Aboriginal schoolchildren remains limited. Hand imprint samples were collected from 60 Orang Asli schoolchildren in Kelantan, Malaysia, immediately befor...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterized by systemic inflammation, yet the contribution of cytokine network dysregulation to clinical outcomes remains poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate cytokine co-expression patterns in IE and identify immu...

Paragonimiasis is a foodborne trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. that primarily affects the lungs and may mimic tuberculosis, pulmonary mycoses, abscess, or malignancy because of its nonspecific clinical and radiological manifestations. D...

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide, but therapeutic options remain limited. This study investigated the anthelmintic activity and preliminary selectivity of licarin A, a neolignan isolated from Necta...

Accelerated efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) as a public health problem have been supported by the introduction of the triple-drug regimen of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (IDA) in endemic settings. In São Tom&ea...

Precise mapping is essential for guiding lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programmes, yet antigen tests in loiasis co-endemic settings must be read with caution because of cross-reactivity. Gabon’s 2015 national mapping flagged 18 of 52 he...

Dog-mediated human rabies is a vaccine-preventable neglected zoonotic disease, causing thousands of deaths every year across Africa and Asia. Information to generate the appropriate attention and action to avert human rabies is lacking due to disaggr...

Introduction: This study investigated independent factors associated with neurological prognosis at discharge in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and evaluated the impact of intensified treatment regimens. Methods: A retrospective analysis...

Transmission of water, vector, and foodborne diseases tends to increase with climate variability, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. Globally, this dynamic contributes to adverse health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries s...

Helminth infections continue to present a substantial public health challenge worldwide, particularly in tropical and developing areas. Despite the widespread use of anthelmintic drugs for treatment and control, their effects on host cells remain poo...

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) remains a therapeutic challenge due to the toxicity and limited effectiveness of conventional agents. This study evaluated Enterococcus mundtii CRL35, a food-grade lactic acid bacterium, as a dual-mechanism th...

Co-endemic zoonoses may occur in the same broad geographic settings but not necessarily the same communities or time periods. This study investigated whether Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and brucellosis exhibit convergent or divergent...

Background: Multidrug therapy (MDT) is the cornerstone of treatment for Hansen’s disease. We aimed to identify factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with Hansen’s disease undergoing MDT. Methods: Sixty-s...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the seroprevalence and determinants of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seropositivity in Delhi, India. Methods: This cross-sectional serosurvey with a nested longitudinal immunologi...

Severe dengue remains an important cause of pediatric hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly where rapid triage and pediatric critical-care capacity are limited. This structured narrative review sy...

Objective: To investigate the burden of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and its association with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and linear growth amongst infants in rural Central Java, Indonesia. Study design: A longitudinal study of 1...

West Nile virus (WNV) is an expanding mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus and an important cause of arboviral neuroinvasive disease. Whether HIV infection modifies WNV susceptibility, severity, or diagnostic performance remains uncertain. This narrative r...

Intestinal parasitic infections, particularly soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), remain a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. As control programs reduce infection intensity, accurate diagnosis becomes increasingly challen...

Measles remains a public-health concern where immunity gaps and incomplete vaccination coverage persist. This study assessed household and geographic factors associated with laboratory-confirmed measles among suspected cases in three Zambian province...