Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), also known as carbon dots (CDs), are novel zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials. CQDs have attracted enormous attention around the world because of their excellent optical properties as well as water sol...
This paper aims to present an overview of the current state of hydrogen storage methods, and materials, assess the potential benefits and challenges of various storage techniques, and outline future research directions towards achieving effective, ec...
With the rapid development of industry and the increasing demand for transportation, traditional sources of energy have been excessively consumed. Biodiesel as an alternative energy source has become a research focus. The most common method for biodi...
Biochar has gained a lot of attention due to its numerous applications and environmental benefits. It is a specialized form of charcoal derived from various types of organic materials such as wood chips, agricultural waste, and other biomass feedstoc...
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have emerged as potential materials for various biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, cationic capacity, high stability and redox...
Acetonitrile is commonly used as an organic solvent and can also be used as an important intermediate in organic synthesis. Its widespread use has led to the development of new methods for the synthesis of a variety of important compounds. In the pas...
The main groups of catalytic materials used in the conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether (the MTD process) were presented with respect to their advantages, disadvantages, and the methods of their modifications, resulting in catalysts with improved...
On the basis of its properties, ethanol has been identified as the most used biofuel because of its remarkable contribution in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide which are the source of greenhouse gas and prompt climate change or global warming wor...
Over the past 130 years, Fischer-Speier esterification has been established as the benchmark method for synthesizing esters from organic acids and alcohols. The reaction’s versatility, arising from the vast combinations of starting materials an...
Biodiesel has received tremendous attention as a sustainable energy source. This review presents an overview of various catalysts utilized in biodiesel production and compares their potential for producing biodiesel. Presented here are the excellent...
In petroleum refining, catalysts are used to efficiently convert crude oil into valuable products such as fuels and petrochemicals. These catalysts are employed in a range of processes, including catalytic cracking, hydrotreating, and reforming to me...
The conversion of solar energy into renewable H2 fuel via photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting approaches has attracted considerable attention due to its potential to solve significant energy and environmental issues. To achieve re...
Seawater electrolysis represents a promising green energy technology with significant potential for efficient energy conversion. This study provides an in-depth examination of the key scientific challenges inherent in the seawater-electrolysis proces...
The degradation of dyes is a difficult task due to their persistent and stable nature; therefore, developing materials with desirable properties to degrade dyes is an important area of research. In the present study, we propose a simple, one-pot mech...
TiO2-based building materials possess air purification, self-cleaning, and sterilization functionalities, making them innovative green building materials with significant potential for future energy-saving and emission-reduction applications. However...
The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE) is a well-known green technology for hydrogen production. The main obstacle to its development, on a large scale, is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). At present, th...
Ammonia (NH3) is a clean energy source that can either be directly used as fuel or a hydrogen carrier due to its high energy density and high hydrogen content. The NH3 electro-oxidation reaction (AOR) is the main reaction in both direct NH3 fuel cell...
Semiconductor-based photocatalytic reactions are a practical class of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to address energy scarcity and environmental pollution. By utilizing solar energy as a clean, abundant, and renewable source, this process offer...
Enzymes, as nature’s precision biocatalysts, hold transformative potential across industrial, environmental, and biomedical sectors. However, their instability, solvent sensitivity, and limited reusability in their free form necessitate advance...
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been scientifically proven to cause skin disorders such as sunburn, skin cancer and the symptoms of chronic exposure. Natural sun screening compounds have recently gained tremendous attention from the cosmetic and cosm...
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a standard technique that is widely applied in heterogeneous catalysis to determine phase composition, atomic structure, and size of crystallites. This review is focused on the application of in situ XRD for studying the ca...
A large variety of pharmaceutical compounds have recently been detected in wastewater and natural water systems. This review highlighted the significance of removing pharmaceutical compounds, which are considered indispensable emerging contaminants,...
The use of titanium dioxide for tackling environmental pollution has attracted great research interest recently. The potential of a photocatalyst in removing contaminants depends mainly on its conduction and valence-band edges relative to the standar...
Zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalysts have emerged as a promising material for environmental and energy applications due to their exceptional photocatalytic properties. Initially recognized for their efficiency under ultraviolet (UV) light, recent advancem...
Serine proteases, a significant class of enzymes comprising approximately one-third of known human proteases, are ubiquitously present across various organisms. These enzymes typically exhibit highly conserved catalytic domain structures, and their a...
Hantzsch esters (1,4-dihydropyridine dicarboxylates) have become, in this century, very versatile reagents for enantioselective organic transformations. They can act as hydride transfer agents to reduce, regioselectively, a variety of multiple bonds,...
Polymeric materials are widely used in every human endeavor (bottles, clothes, containers, toys, tools, etc.) due to their unique properties of chemical and mechanical resistance. They are, however, almost non-biodegradable, and their chemical recycl...
Alkenes and their related analogs are ideal starting materials for organic synthesis, and the selective difunctionalization of alkenes, which allows the simultaneous introduction of two neighboring bonds, has gained considerable attention in recent y...
Methane, the main component of natural gas, is one of the primary sources of energy extensively employed worldwide. However, the utilization of natural gas is limited by reserves and geographical availability. Thus, a thermochemical method of convert...
Biocatalysis holds immense potential for pharmaceutical development as it enables synthetic routes to various chiral building blocks with unparalleled selectivity. Therein, solvent and water use account for a large contribution to the environmental i...
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to formic acid has gained significant attention as a potential environmentally friendly approach to reducing CO2 emissions and producing carbon-neutral liquid fuels. However, several challenges must...
China is a significant global producer and consumer of pesticides and antibiotics, with their excessive use leading to substantial water pollution that poses challenges for subsequent treatment. Photocatalytic degradation, leveraging renewable solar...
The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a...
For the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil with an acid value of 1.86 mg KOH/g, five heterogeneous catalysts—Ba(OH)2, CaO, MgO, ZnO, and AlCl3—were employed. To optimize the reaction parameters of each catalyst, the influence...
The dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising method for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by converting CO2 and CH4 into syngas, a mixture of CO and H2. Ni-based catalysts have been intensively investigated for their use in the DRM. However,...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are an emerging group of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic environments with high levels of toxicity and bioaccumulation. The risks posed by PFASs to the environment and health have attracted increas...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technology is extensively applied in the field of catalysts, offering deep insights into their electronic structures and chemical composition. The development of advanced techniques based on XPS instrumentation...
In the recent decade, carbon dots have drawn immense attention and prompted intense investigation. The latest form of nanocarbon, the carbon nanodot, is attracting intensive research efforts, similar to its earlier analogues, namely, fullerene, carbo...
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction (NRR) has attracted much attention as a promising technique to produce ammonia at ambient conditions in an environmentally benign and less energy-consuming manner compared to the current Haber–Bosch process. However...
Green hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising energy carrier for decarbonizing the industrial, building, and transportation sectors. However, current green H2 production technologies face challenges that limit cost reduction and scaling up. Platinum...
Enzymes are highly selective and efficient biological catalysts that play a critical role in modern industrial biocatalysis. Their ability to operate under mild conditions and reduce environmental impact makes them ideal alternatives to conventional...
Highly efficient and stable catalysts are among the key factors in industrial ethanol dehydration to ethylene. Among the widely studied catalysts, alumina is the most suitable for industrial application. In this study, novel gamma alumina was synthes...
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clean and mild oxidant that is receiving increasing attention. The photocatalytic H2O2 production process utilizes solar energy as an energy source and H2O and O2 as material sources, making it a safe and sustainable pro...
Graphitized carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a metal-free, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, has a very broad application prospect in the fields of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. The g-C3N4 photocatalyst owns a series of cons...
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has emerged as a promising non-natural cofactor with significant potential to transform biocatalysis, synthetic biology, and therapeutic applications. By modulating NAD⁺ metabolism, NMN offers unique advantages...
Photocatalytic wastewater treatment technology has been proposed for more than 30 years, but it is still seldom used in industry. The lack of research on high-performance and cost-effective photocatalytic wastewater treatment reactors (PWTRs) may be...
1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (DPEDA) is a privileged chiral scaffold being used in the construction of a broad variety of organocatalysts and ligands for enantioselective organic reactions. This molecule gave a significant contribution in the synthesi...
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, drop-in liquid transportation fuel that is amenable to continuous production from sustainable biomass resources using catalytic technologies. A diverse range of catalysts and reactor technologies have been experimentally inv...
With an increase in energy consumption globally, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a good alternative for producing fuels and chemicals from coal, natural gas or biomass. Among them, coal to liquids has been put into production in countries that have...
The significance and challenges of hydrotreatment processes for vegetable oils have recently become apparent, encompassing various reactions like decarbonylation, decarboxylation, and hydrogenation. Heterogeneous noble or transition metal catalysts p...
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