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  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
36,262 Views
12 Pages

Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination on Transmission: A Systematic Review

  • Anouk Oordt-Speets,
  • Julia Spinardi,
  • Carlos Mendoza,
  • Jingyan Yang,
  • Graciela Morales,
  • John M. McLaughlin and
  • Moe H. Kyaw

23 September 2023

Vaccination against infectious disease affords direct protection from vaccine-induced immunity and additional indirect protection for unvaccinated persons. A systematic review was conducted to estimate the indirect effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Fro...

  • Hypothesis
  • Open Access
31,816 Views
11 Pages

Could the Spike Protein Derived from mRNA Vaccines Negatively Impact Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut?

  • Alberto Rubio-Casillas,
  • Mark Fabrowski,
  • Carlo Brogna,
  • David Cowley,
  • Elrashdy M. Redwan and
  • Vladimir N. Uversky

25 August 2024

The emergence of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has opened a new page in vaccine development. Nevertheless, concerns of experts have been expressed about unintentional side effects on the gut microbiota (GM). Previous studies showed that this virus act...

  • Review
  • Open Access
29,714 Views
27 Pages

Silent Invasion: COVID-19′s Hidden Damage to Human Organs

  • Ulugbek Ochilov,
  • Gulomjon Kholov,
  • Otabek Fayzulloyev,
  • Odilshoh Bobokalonov,
  • Shokhida Naimova,
  • Nilufar Akhmedova,
  • Mehriniso Ochilova,
  • Mukhayyo Kutliyeva and
  • Shakhlo Kakharova

15 September 2025

Background: SARS-CoV-2, originally described as a respiratory pathogen, has been identified as a multisystem disease with complex and interconnected pathophysiological processes. Methods: The PRISMA framework was used to systematically review the evi...

  • Case Report
  • Open Access
1 Citations
19,941 Views
6 Pages

Chronic False Positive Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) Tests Induced by COVID-19 Vaccination

  • Erin Williams,
  • Devin J. Kennedy,
  • Michael Hoffer,
  • Juan Manuel Carreño,
  • Florian Krammer,
  • Suresh Pallikkuth and
  • Savita Pahwa

30 August 2023

False positive reactive plasmin reagin (RPR) reactivity following a COVID-19 vaccine has been reported, and it is therefore conceivable that individuals who receive frequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations may exhibit durable RPR res...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
15,749 Views
12 Pages

Infection Prevention and Control in Public Hospitals and COVID-19 Temporary Treatment and Monitoring Facilities in the Philippines: Results of a Baseline Survey

  • Vergil de Claro,
  • Noemi Bautista,
  • Ma. Rosario Torralba,
  • Vina Vanessa Castro,
  • Miguel Angelo Lucero,
  • Lady Jedfeliz Molleno and
  • Laurentiu Stan

2 March 2023

Infection prevention and control measures are effective at protecting patients and healthcare workers from healthcare-acquired infections, averting onward transmission of the disease and mitigating the impact of the outbreak on the healthcare system....

  • Article
  • Open Access
13,725 Views
22 Pages

1 July 2024

The reproduction number, R0, is an important parameter in epidemic models. It is interpreted as the average number of new cases resulted from each infected individual during the course of infection. In this paper, the R0 estimates since the outbreak...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
12,812 Views
27 Pages

10 September 2024

Since the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, prominent social actors and institutions have warned about the threat of misinformation, calling for policy action to address it. However, neither the premises underlying expert claims nor the standards to...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
11,493 Views
15 Pages

A Bibliometric Review of COVID-19 Vaccines and Their Side Effects: Trends and Global Perspectives

  • Santiago Benites,
  • Félix Díaz,
  • Rafael Liza,
  • Luis Sánchez and
  • Luis Rivera

30 January 2025

This bibliometric review analyzes global research on COVID-19 vaccine side effects, focusing on publication trends, collaborations, and key topic areas. Using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix for data analysis and visualization, this study examines 1353 un...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
10,363 Views
21 Pages

24 January 2024

(1) Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected the population worldwide, with varying responses implemented to control its spread. This study aimed to compare the epidemic data compiled by the World Health Org...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
8,868 Views
40 Pages

Differential Diagnosis in the Management of Acute Respiratory Infections through Point-of-Care Rapid Testing in a Post-Pandemic Scenario in Latin America: Special Focus on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

  • Carlos Arturo Alvarez-Moreno,
  • Evaldo Stanislau Affonso de Araújo,
  • Elsa Baumeister,
  • Katya A. Nogales Crespo,
  • Alexis M. Kalergis,
  • José Esteban Muñoz Medina,
  • Pablo Tsukayama and
  • Cesar Ugarte-Gil

10 February 2024

This review provides a comprehensive summary of evidence to explore the role and value of differential diagnosis in the management of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) through point-of-care (POC) rapid testing in a post-pandemic scenario, paying pa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
8,752 Views
20 Pages

Comparative Analysis and Classification of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Structures in PDB

  • Memoona Aslam,
  • M. Saqib Nawaz,
  • Philippe Fournier-Viger and
  • Wenjin Li

29 March 2023

The Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease is considered the most important target for vaccine, drug and therapeutic research as it attaches and binds to the ACE2 receptor of the host cells and allows the entry of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8,057 Views
15 Pages

Persistence of Cognitive Difficulties in Adults Three Years After COVID-19 Infection

  • Antonio de Pádua Serafim,
  • Victor Linking Magalhães Campos,
  • Fabiana Saffi,
  • Cristiana Castanho de Almeida Rocca and
  • Ricardo Silva dos Santos Durães

11 September 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has left millions worldwide with persistent cognitive difficulties, making long-term studies essential to understand their trajectory and inform rehabilitation strategies. This research is presented within the context of Long CO...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
8,040 Views
33 Pages

Long COVID: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Symptom Frequencies

  • Rachel Atchley-Challenner,
  • Zachary Strasser,
  • Aparna Krishnamoorthy,
  • Deepti Pant,
  • Lori B. Chibnik and
  • Elizabeth W. Karlson

24 September 2024

Objective: To summarize the prevalence of Long COVID symptoms among the general population reported in published articles from the pre-omicron SARS-CoV2 era. This narrative review examined 21 symptoms. Methods: A PubMed/manual search returned 114 art...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
8,039 Views
10 Pages

Perceived Stress and Coping among University Students Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Coral L. Shuster,
  • Marie C. Tate,
  • Christina T. Schulz,
  • Cheyenne T. Reyes,
  • Megan M. Drohan,
  • Angela G. Astorini,
  • Amy L. Stamates,
  • Manshu Yang and
  • Mark L. Robbins

29 September 2023

University students may have experienced heightened levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, less is known about coping mechanisms (i.e., approach and avoidance) that were used to manage such stress. Further, there is a need to identif...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,791 Views
26 Pages

Revisiting the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insight into Long-Term Post-COVID Complications and Repurposing of Drugs

  • Rajib Majumder,
  • Sanmitra Ghosh,
  • Manoj K. Singh,
  • Arpita Das,
  • Swagata Roy Chowdhury,
  • Abinit Saha and
  • Rudra P. Saha

6 April 2023

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and dangerous coronavirus that has been spreading around the world since late December 2019. Severe COVID-19 has been observed to induce severe damage to the alveoli, and the slow loss of lung function led to the dea...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,778 Views
15 Pages

Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnancy: Current Status and Controversies

  • Grace C. Greenberg,
  • Nandini Vishwakarma,
  • Myna Prakash Tirupattur,
  • Hannah M. Sprague and
  • Laxmansa C. Katwa

26 May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic unnerved the global population in 2019 and has continued to evolve ever since. Throughout this time, investigations concerning the health of the groups most susceptible to this virus, including the elderly, those with compromise...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,651 Views
24 Pages

Assessing the Impacts of COVID-19 and Social Isolation on Mental Health in the United States of America

  • Alexander Fulk,
  • Raul Saenz-Escarcega,
  • Hiroko Kobayashi,
  • Innocent Maposa and
  • Folashade Agusto

24 May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world at large with over 750 million cases and almost 7 million deaths reported thus far. Of those, over 100 million cases and 1 million deaths have occurred in the United States of America (U...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
2 Citations
7,421 Views
7 Pages

Incubation Periods of SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type, Delta, and Omicron Variants–Dominant Periods in Singapore

  • Edwin Philip Conceicao,
  • Yingqi Xu,
  • Sze Ling Chan,
  • Shoon Jin Yee,
  • Yang Yue,
  • Shalvi Arora,
  • Marcus Eng Hock Ong,
  • Jean Xiang Ying Sim and
  • Indumathi Venkatachalam

27 September 2024

This study in Singapore analysed the incubation periods of the following SARS-CoV-2 variants: Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron. Three pandemic waves were examined: Wuhan-Hu-1 (January 2020–March 2021), Delta (May–October 2021), and Omicron...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,086 Views
15 Pages

A Survey of Changes in the Psychological State of Individuals with Social Withdrawal (hikikomori) in the Context of the COVID Pandemic

  • Takafumi Ogawa,
  • Yuki Shiratori,
  • Haruhiko Midorikawa,
  • Miyuki Aiba,
  • Daichi Sugawara,
  • Naoaki Kawakami,
  • Tetsuaki Arai and
  • Hirokazu Tachikawa

8 August 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic has been reported to have resulted in psychological disturbances. The Japanese term “hikikomori” refers to a state of preferring to stay at home. The COVID pandemic provided an opp...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,773 Views
19 Pages

A Comprehensive Analysis of Structural and Functional Changes Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations

  • Aganze Gloire-Aimé Mushebenge,
  • Samuel Chima Ugbaja,
  • Nonkululeko Avril Mbatha,
  • Rene B. Khan and
  • Hezekiel M. Kumalo

16 September 2023

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has sparked intense research on its spike protein, which is essential for viral entrance into host cells. Viral reproduction and transmission, host immune response regulati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,742 Views
26 Pages

17 April 2024

The sudden lockdown and social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected the physical and psychological aspects of our lives. This study used a sequential explanatory research design to explore how human–animal interactio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,580 Views
19 Pages

The Impact of COVID-19 on Construction Project Performance: A Case Study in Pakistan

  • Syed Rafay Ali Bukhari,
  • Abdur Rehman Nasir,
  • Roberto Greco and
  • Luigi Mollo

16 August 2024

COVID-19 has had unprecedented effects on construction markets globally due to supply chain disruptions and workforce restrictions, etc. However, construction industries in developing countries are more vulnerable to the obstacles associated with the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
6,418 Views
22 Pages

16 August 2023

During COVID-19, self-directed learning, contrasted with standardized learning, became a necessary and promoted learning method in public schools—one potentially supportive of mental health regularly in public schools through the use of online...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,187 Views
12 Pages

19 December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced the authorities to take an unprecedented measure in history: the house confinement of millions of people worldwide. Video games, especially open-world video games (OWVGs), became meeting spaces, a digital places to play,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
6,130 Views
19 Pages

28 June 2023

What are the effects of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) on inflation, unemployment, and GDP in Africa? Using geo-coded cross-sectional data taken from the World Health Organization and International Monetary Fund, we investigate the spatial distri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,127 Views
13 Pages

12 May 2024

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented and unexpected change all around the globe. The long-term effects are still ongoing, especially those related to the confinement measures. The study took place during the f...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,097 Views
52 Pages

1 August 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global healthcare systems, requiring rapid adaptations. This study evaluates the impact on health systems and services in India during the peak of the first wave and its aftermath. It analyses disruptions,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,070 Views
16 Pages

2 July 2024

Apart from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, chest radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scans were employed as crucial diagnostic methods for detecting the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our objecti...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,982 Views
21 Pages

25 January 2024

On 30 January 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. COVID-19 became pandemic on 11 March 2020, and spread unprecedently. No country was prepared to face its impact. Major fears started to be expressed for Africa, wh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,960 Views
17 Pages

10 March 2025

While COVID-19 imposed significant risks to the mental health of individuals of all ages, research suggests that university students were particularly vulnerable to such risks in this period. This study examined whether personality traits predicted t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,960 Views
11 Pages

Association of ABO Blood Type with Infection and Severity of COVID-19 in Inpatient and Longitudinal Cohorts

  • Tiffany Eatz,
  • Alejandro Max Antonio Mantero,
  • Erin Williams,
  • Charles J. Cash,
  • Nathalie Perez,
  • Zachary J. Cromar,
  • Adiel Hernandez,
  • Matthew Cordova,
  • Neha Godbole and
  • Savita Pahwa
  • + 6 authors

14 September 2023

The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the association between human blood type and COVID-19 in both inpatient and longitudinal populations and (2) identify the association between blood type and severity of COVID-19 via presence of cel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5,939 Views
17 Pages

A Social Determinants Perspective on Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Mischa Taylor,
  • Carla T. Hilario,
  • Shelly Ben-David and
  • Gina Dimitropoulos

26 September 2024

As a framework for understanding the structural factors that affect health, the social determinants of health (SDoH) have particular significance during the developmental stage of adolescence. When the global coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) began, pu...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,806 Views
14 Pages

New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after COVID-19: Combined Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Molecular Mimicry, and m6A RNA Methylation

  • Jorge Luis Batista-Roche,
  • Marian Mirabent-Casals,
  • Dahis Manzanares,
  • Gertrud Lund and
  • Alejandra García-Gasca

14 April 2024

Post-COVID syndrome, also known as long COVID, includes a range of symptoms that persist for months or even years after initial infection such as fatigue, shortness of breath, joint pain, chest pain, muscle aches, and heart palpitations, among others...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,664 Views
15 Pages

The COVID-19 Pandemic Increased the Risk of Eating Disorders and Emotional Eating Symptoms: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence

  • Maria Mentzelou,
  • Sousana K. Papadopoulou,
  • Constantina Jacovides,
  • Antonios Dakanalis,
  • Olga Alexatou,
  • Theophanis Vorvolakos,
  • Evmorfia Psara,
  • Apostolia Ntovoli,
  • Maria Chrysafi and
  • Constantinos Giaginis
  • + 2 authors

28 October 2024

Background: There has been recent evidence to suggest that people who suffer from eating disorders (EDs) or other eating behavior disturbances, such as emotional eating (EE), are particularly vulnerable post-COVID-19. This narrative literature review...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,533 Views
20 Pages

10 July 2024

This study investigated the prevalence, severity, and implications of depressive and anxiety behaviors among individuals aged 30–75+ who have recovered from COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health challenges, prompting a c...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,507 Views
9 Pages

13 April 2023

Monitored infection and vaccination rates during past past waves of the coronavirus are used to infer a posteriori two-key parameter of the SIRV epidemic model, namely, the real-time variation in (i) the ratio of recovery to infection rate and (ii) t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,440 Views
7 Pages

Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Dyspnea, Fatigue, and Functional Capacity in Patients with Long COVID

  • Jessie Fox,
  • Farhan Ali,
  • Marielisa Lopez,
  • Sachin A. Shah,
  • Christian W. Schmidt,
  • Odayme Quesada,
  • Timothy D. Henry and
  • Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez

2 September 2024

Approximately 31% of patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 are living with symptoms of long COVID in the United States. Long COVID significantly reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and disability; however, treatment options are lim...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
5,416 Views
24 Pages

30 May 2025

The replication machinery of SARS-CoV-2 is a primary target for therapeutic intervention, and has led to significant progress in antiviral medication discovery. This review consolidates contemporary molecular insights into viral replication and rigor...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
5,396 Views
6 Pages

Comprehensive Code List Associated with Underlying Medical Conditions Identified by the CDC as High-Risk Factors for Progression to Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

  • Amie Scott,
  • Jo Atkinson,
  • Wajeeha Ansari,
  • Maya Reimbaeva,
  • Richard H. Stanford,
  • Fadi Manuel,
  • Linda Holtzman and
  • Florin Draica

14 November 2024

A list of diagnosis codes mapped to CDC-defined high-risk conditions for severe COVID-19 outcomes is currently not available in the literature. We reviewed the CDC list of underlying conditions associated with severe COVID-19 and a coding expert and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,241 Views
45 Pages

27 August 2023

The emergence of novel pathogens is a well-known epidemiological risk; however, the unexpected emergence of a truly novel coronavirus-mediated pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 underscored the significance of understanding this contagion. The pandemic, due...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,161 Views
13 Pages

Belief in Conspiracy Theories about COVID-19 Vaccines among Brazilians: A National Cross-Sectional Study

  • Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo,
  • Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro,
  • Guilherme Reis de Santana Santos,
  • Valdemar Silva Almeida,
  • Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho,
  • Guilherme Schneider,
  • Leticia Genova Vieira,
  • André Luiz Silva Alvim,
  • Fabiana Guerra Pimenta and
  • Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura
  • + 4 authors

17 April 2024

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a complex challenge that demands a comprehensive approach, one that not only acknowledges legitimate concerns within communities but also actively confronts misinformation. In this context, this study aimed to investi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5,151 Views
17 Pages

COVID-19 Control in Highly Urbanized Philippine Cities: Leveraging Public Health Open-Source Government Data for Epidemic Preparedness and Response

  • Maria Catherine B. Otero,
  • Lorraine Joy L. Bernolo,
  • Refeim M. Miguel,
  • Zypher Jude G. Regencia,
  • Lyre Anni E. Murao and
  • Emmanuel S. Baja

19 March 2025

Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs) in the Philippines were at the forefront of public health surveillance and response during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the rapid spread of COVID-19 to Philippine cities, local government units continuously assessed, ada...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,995 Views
14 Pages

Does COVID-19 Really Exacerbate Urticaria? A Survey of 166 Patients in China

  • Qian Yang,
  • Zihao Zou,
  • Wei Cao,
  • Yunzhou Shi,
  • Xianjun Xiao,
  • Sijue Chen and
  • Ying Li

21 November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global healthcare systems. The impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on urticaria and its management are unknown. This study aimed to collect information about patients with urticaria infected with SARS-CoV-2 a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,967 Views
15 Pages

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Tanzania: A Mixed-Methods Study

  • Maryam A. Amour,
  • Innocent B. Mboya,
  • Harrieth P. Ndumwa,
  • James T. Kengia,
  • Emmy Metta,
  • Belinda J. Njiro,
  • Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung’e,
  • Lwidiko E. Mhamilawa,
  • Elizabeth H. Shayo and
  • Albino Kalolo
  • + 4 authors

19 May 2023

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a major threat to public health but can be prevented by safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential to promote uptake. This study, aimed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,962 Views
12 Pages

20 February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rapid, unprecedented changes in the lives of children and adolescents worldwide. During the first year in the COVID-19 pandemic German schools were partially closed. The restrictions to limit the pandemic can be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,892 Views
16 Pages

Learning from Latin America: Coordinating Policy Responses across National and Subnational Levels to Combat COVID-19

  • Michael M. Touchton,
  • Felicia Marie Knaul,
  • Hector Arreola-Ornelas,
  • Renzo Calderon-Anyosa,
  • Silvia Otero-Bahamón,
  • Calla Hummel,
  • Pedro Pérez-Cruz,
  • Thalia Porteny,
  • Fausto Patino and
  • V. Ximena Velasco Guachalla
  • + 5 authors

21 September 2023

We provide policy lessons for governments across Latin America by drawing on an original dataset of daily national and subnational non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic for eight Latin American countries: Argentina, Bol...

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COVID - ISSN 2673-8112