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COVID, Volume 6, Issue 3

2026 March - 24 articles

Cover Story: Patients diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) who require Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission often require invasive vascular access including central venous catheters and arterial lines. Early reports of excessive thrombosis combined with the severity of illness in COVID-19 could lead to more line-related thrombosis and infections, requiring more line replacements. This retrospective cohort study explores differences in vascular access usage and line-related complications between patients with COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS. View this paper
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Articles (24)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,216 Views
12 Pages

Alcohol Consumption Patterns Among Young Adults in Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Andrada Patricia Todor,
  • Raluca Lupusoru,
  • Tudor Voicu Moga,
  • Paul Cosmin Tirla,
  • Anca Claudia Voron,
  • Camelia Gianina Nica,
  • Teofana Bizerea-Moga,
  • Mickael Naassila,
  • Melena Dreinaza and
  • Alina Popescu
  • + 1 author

19 March 2026

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the daily routines of young adults. This study investigated alcohol consumption patterns and associated factors among young adults in Romania during this period. Method: A cross-sectional study...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,413 Views
21 Pages

19 March 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, with millions recovering from acute infection but experiencing lingering symptoms, collectively referred to as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), or “long COVID.&rdquo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
8,943 Views
33 Pages

18 March 2026

Long COVID is the disease entity triggered and potentially driven by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is an heterogeneous condition characterized by dozens of different symptoms, signs and sequelae, which can affect all organs and body systems and evolve ove...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
898 Views
14 Pages

Estimating COVID-19 Epidemiological Dynamics Using Serological Case Data in Maryland

  • Eili Y. Klein,
  • Alexander Tulchinsky,
  • Fardad Haghpanah,
  • Gary Lin,
  • Wilbur H. Chen and
  • Jacky M. Jennings

18 March 2026

In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncertainty around the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread hampered policymakers’ understanding of the epidemic’s extent. Mathematical models, which proved vital for aiding decision-making, relied pri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
672 Views
16 Pages

Low Systemic IFN Response and High Viral Load Are Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity in Unvaccinated Patients in Kenya, 2022–2023

  • Rebeccah M. Ayako,
  • Kirtika Patel,
  • Isaac Ndede,
  • Simeon K. Mining,
  • Jonas Klingström,
  • Johan Nordgren and
  • Marie Larsson

17 March 2026

The clinical severity of COVID-19 is influenced by cellular and humoral immune responses, as well as the dynamics of viral replication. In line with this, the current study examined systemic and mucosal immunity responses alongside viral load in unva...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,384 Views
23 Pages

16 March 2026

Vaccines worldwide reduce severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) consequences; however, viral evolution escapes immunity, raising global concerns about vaccine protection and requiring monitoring. Bioinformatics is crucial for studying vaccine es...

(This article belongs to the Section Human or Animal Coronaviruses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,132 Views
16 Pages

Association Between Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens and Doses and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study from Thailand

  • Pattharawin Pattharanitima,
  • Suthiya Anumas,
  • Manoch Rattanasompattikul,
  • Sukit Raksasuk,
  • Suchai Sritippayawan and
  • Thatsaphan Srithongkul

13 March 2026

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand prioritized hemodialysis patients for vaccination. Due to limited supply, heterologous regimens were used. This study evaluates the mortality rate and risk factors in hemodialysis patients who receiv...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID and Public Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
896 Views
16 Pages

Ethical Issues Among Medical Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Cross-Sectional Study

  • Padmakumar Krishnankutty Nair,
  • Russell F. Dsouza,
  • Ivone Duarte and
  • Rui Nunes

13 March 2026

Introduction: Healthcare institutions and care providers, including medical professionals, were at the forefront of the rapid response to the challenges of the pandemic. As medical professionals across the country actively fought the COVID-19 pandemi...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,052 Views
27 Pages

Glucocorticoid Resistance in COVID-19: Endocrine–Inflammatory Associations in a Cross-Sectional Study

  • Malvina Todorova,
  • Victoria Tsvetkova,
  • Milena Atanasova,
  • Adelaida Ruseva and
  • Katya Todorova

13 March 2026

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation, potentially affecting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function and glucocorticoid signaling. However, the dynamics and clinic...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,549 Views
13 Pages

Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms (rs1800796, rs1800797, and rs2069845) and Susceptibility to Severe COVID-19 in Southern Brazil

  • Roberto Surek Gonçalves da Silva,
  • Nathalia Marçallo Peixoto Souza,
  • Christiane Mayrhofer Grocoske de Lima,
  • Paula Rothbarth Silva,
  • Ademir Luiz do Prado,
  • Meri Bordignon Nogueira,
  • Indianara Rotta,
  • Gislaine Custódio,
  • Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari and
  • Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego
  • + 1 author

12 March 2026

Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is associated with cytokine storm, an excessive immune response. Interleukin-6, a multifunctional cytokine, is involved in the COVID-19 immune response. Functional polymorphisms in the in...

(This article belongs to the Section Host Genetics and Susceptibility/Resistance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
907 Views
14 Pages

Placental Autophagy Modulation and Ultrastructural Changes in COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study Using Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy

  • Vaidyanathan Gowri,
  • Marwa Al-Riyami,
  • Deepthy Geetha,
  • Shadia Al-Sinawi,
  • Khalfan Al Jabri,
  • Younis Al-Mufargi,
  • Nadia Al-Abri,
  • Adham Al-Rahbi and
  • Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla

12 March 2026

Background: Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis by recycling damaged organelles and proteins. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in pregnancy-related complications such...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Case Report
  • Open Access
728 Views
6 Pages

10 March 2026

An 87-year-old woman was referred to our ophthalmology ward due to decreased visual acuity and intense right orbital pain, which had been present for four weeks. The anamnesis was not contributory, except that she had been vaccinated against severe a...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
732 Views
21 Pages

5 March 2026

This paper studies the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults with a particular focus on the role of technology use. We use nationally representative individual-level survey data from a random sample of 3257 community-dwelling...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID and Public Health)
  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
951 Views
10 Pages

4 March 2026

Background: Patients diagnosed with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) who require Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission often require invasive vascular access including central venous catheters and arterial lines. Early reports of excessive th...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,022 Views
15 Pages

Unlocking the Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Fear in Older Adults from Kazakhstan

  • Assel Izekenova,
  • Dinara Sukenova,
  • Ardak Nurbakyt,
  • Maimakova Akmaral,
  • Aigulsum Izekenova,
  • Filip Milanovic,
  • Irena Lazic and
  • Dejan Nikolic

3 March 2026

The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with COVID-19-related fear in older adults from Kazakhstan, and to explore its associations with sociodemographic characteristics, health status and multiple domains of quality of life in a...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
864 Views
13 Pages

Predictive Relationships Between AGTR1 and ACE2 Polymorphisms for Hypertension and COVID-19 in Patients at a Tshwane Academic Hospital: A Preliminary Study

  • Joseph Musonda Chalwe,
  • Retsilisitsoe Raymond Moholisa,
  • Ndimo Rahab Modipane,
  • Saidon Herbert Mbambara,
  • Relebohile Matobole,
  • Boitumelo Moetlhoa,
  • Mike Machaba Sathekge and
  • Mankgopo Kgatle

28 February 2026

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), exploits angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry, implicating the renin–angiotensin system (RAS)...

(This article belongs to the Section Host Genetics and Susceptibility/Resistance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,652 Views
12 Pages

Long COVID with Symptoms Persisting for More than Six Months in Unvaccinated Patients: Investigation of Biochemical Changes Associated with Chronic Manifestations

  • Matheus Torres,
  • Giulia Davanço,
  • Isabela de Paula Destro,
  • Neif Murad,
  • Glaucia Luciano da Veiga,
  • Pedro Henrique Alves Reis,
  • Renata de Lion Botero Martins,
  • Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves,
  • Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo and
  • Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
  • + 1 author

28 February 2026

Long COVID is a complex condition characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding its biochemical mechanisms is essential for effective management and treatment strategies. Objective: This study investigated biochem...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Clinical Manifestations and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,279 Views
16 Pages

Expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and Interleukins in the Nasopharyngeal Cells and Mononuclear Cells of Mexican Patients with Influenza or SARS-CoV-2

  • María F. González-Delgado,
  • Alberto González-Zamora,
  • José J. Alba-Romero,
  • Edgar H. Olivas-Calderón and
  • Rebeca Pérez-Morales

28 February 2026

Respiratory viral infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 induce complex immune responses characterized by dysregulated cytokine production, which may influence disease severity and lead to post-infection immunometabolic alterations. However, com...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Long COVID: Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,156 Views
13 Pages

Detection, Follow-Up Testing, and Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Tigers and Gorillas

  • Leyi Wang,
  • Sandipty Kayastha,
  • Anne Burgdorf-Moisuk,
  • Xufang Deng,
  • Matthew Allender and
  • Karen Terio

28 February 2026

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global public health emergency in humans from 2020 to 2023 and was associated with over 7 million human deaths. Besides humans, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in a wide range of anim...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,390 Views
27 Pages

Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor Discovery Targeting Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins via 3D Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics

  • Ebtisam Aldaais,
  • Munthir Aldukhi,
  • Hind Alotaibi,
  • Heba Mofleh Alzabni,
  • Subha Yegnaswamy and
  • Nada F. Alahmady

27 February 2026

Rapid antigenic drift in the coronavirus spike protein motivates alternative antiviral strategies. We target the conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein—central to RNA binding, genome packaging, and replication—and perform a comparative, cross...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronaviruses: Variants, Antivirals, and Vaccination)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,054 Views
12 Pages

A Practical and Scalable VIRADEL Workflow for SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance in Resource-Limited Communities

  • Karla Farmer-Diaz,
  • Makeda Matthew-Bernard,
  • Sonia Cheetham,
  • Kerry Mitchell,
  • Calum N. L. Macpherson and
  • Maria E. Ramos-Nino

27 February 2026

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) allows for early surveillance of viral pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Simplified low-cost approaches are needed to deploy WBE surveillance in resource-limited small-island settings, where high sensitivity must be...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
979 Views
23 Pages

26 February 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional financing channels, accelerating the adoption of crowdfunding as an alternative capital-raising mechanism across Africa. Limited access to finance for women entrepreneurs remains a pivotal issue globally, p...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,539 Views
20 Pages

25 February 2026

Treatment seeking among individuals who misuse substances can be a complex process, with many factors contributing to treatment seeking. Guided by Gelberg–Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, this research seeks to esta...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID and Public Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
995 Views
12 Pages

24 February 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed substantial variation in vaccine attitudes and susceptibility to misinformation, raising concerns from an occupational health perspective about potential differences across employment sectors. This study examined associ...

(This article belongs to the Section COVID Public Health and Epidemiology)
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COVID - ISSN 2673-8112