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Abstracts of the 1st International Online Conference on Inventions, 25–26 June 2026

by Eugen Rusu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152001 - 20 Jul 2026

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Abstract

Valerian Novac ¹, Eugen Rusu ¹, Vladimir Ablai ², Valentin Nae ³ [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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9 pages, 3502 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Evaluation of Black Sea Wave Energy Dynamics

by Lavinia Cretu and Liliana Rusu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152002 - 17 Aug 2026

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Abstract

In the context of increased international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through various measures included in climate agreements, regulatory frameworks, and decarbonization strategies, the utilisation of renewable energy resources represents a solution to sustainable global development. Wave energy is a marine renewable [...] Read more.

In the context of increased international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through various measures included in climate agreements, regulatory frameworks, and decarbonization strategies, the utilisation of renewable energy resources represents a solution to sustainable global development. Wave energy is a marine renewable resource that has great potential but has not yet been fully exploited. Considering this, the current work examines the Black Sea’s wave climate variability and wave energy dynamics using SWAN model results applied throughout the basin. Attention is given to the long-term assessment of wave conditions and wave power, the characterization of dominant wave patterns, and the identification of possible changes in sea state parameters over an extended period (30 years). Recent wave climate variability and projections of future changes under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic scenarios are evaluated. The assessment of the potential effects of climate change on sea state conditions and the spatial distribution of wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin is performed by comparing the historical and future projections, thereby also facilitating the observation of climate change pattern evolution. The results offer a forward-looking assessment of wave energy potential in the Black Sea and its reliability as a sustainable energy resource in relation to climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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10 pages, 2374 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Hierarchical Ternary Carbon Nanocomposite on Stainless Steel for Low−Overpotential Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

by Mirinchige B. D. K. Siriwardena, Abdul R. Nihmiya and Udara S. P. R. Arachchige

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152003 - 2 Sep 2026

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Abstract

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, although its performance is limited by electrode overpotential, interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and limited electrochemically accessible surface area. In this study, a monolayer ternary carbon nanomaterial (CNM) composite comprising reduced graphene oxide [...] Read more.

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, although its performance is limited by electrode overpotential, interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and limited electrochemically accessible surface area. In this study, a monolayer ternary carbon nanomaterial (CNM) composite comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and Vulcan XC-72 was fabricated on stainless steel (SS) using a hybrid polyvinyl alcohol–polytetrafluoroethylene (PVA–PTFE) binder. Thermal treatment generated a porous conductive network that enhanced electrolyte accessibility and electron transport. Electrochemical characterization in 0.12 M NaOH showed that the CNM-modified electrode exhibited substantially higher current response and CV-derived double-layer capacitance (C_dl) of 62.61–78.51 mF/cm², compared with 3.43–3.74 mF/cm² for bare SS. Electrochemical fitting further showed markedly higher exchange-current density (i₀) parameters for the modified electrode, along with a reduced solution resistance (Rs) of ~2.1–2.2 Ω·cm² and a lower Rct. The oxyhydrogen (HHO) production rate reached 0.304 mL/min at 3.8 V, compared with 0.262 mL/min for bare SS at 4.0 V. Repeated HHO measurements showed ~2% variation (n = 3), indicating good reproducibility of the gas-production response. These results demonstrate that the rGO/CNT/XC-72 composite provides an effective and reproducible surface-engineering approach for enhancing electrochemical performance and HHO production in alkaline electrolysis systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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18 pages, 7220 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Metaheuristic-Based Photovoltaic Parameter Identification Using a Dynamic Elite Cooperative Artificial Circulatory System Algorithm

by Nermin Özcan and Imam Barket Ghiloubi

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152004 - 2 Sep 2026

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Abstract

Accurate parameter estimation of photovoltaic (PV) models is essential for performance evaluation, efficiency enhancement, and reliable energy forecasting in solar energy systems. However, the nonlinear, multimodal, and implicit nature of the current–voltage (I–V) relationship makes this task challenging for conventional optimization methods, which [...] Read more.

Accurate parameter estimation of photovoltaic (PV) models is essential for performance evaluation, efficiency enhancement, and reliable energy forecasting in solar energy systems. However, the nonlinear, multimodal, and implicit nature of the current–voltage (I–V) relationship makes this task challenging for conventional optimization methods, which often suffer from premature convergence and sensitivity to initial conditions. In this study, a modified variant of the Artificial Circulatory System Algorithm, termed Dynamic Elite Cooperative ACSA (DEC-ACSA), is proposed for estimating the unknown parameters of the Single-Diode Model (SDM). The proposed approach extends the original ACSA by incorporating dynamic population grouping, elite-guided cooperative interaction, and directional elite refinement, thereby aiming to improve convergence stability and the utilization of high-quality population information. The objective is to minimize the residual root mean square error (RMSE) of the implicit SDM equation using measured I–V data from four established benchmarks: the RTC France solar cell and the PWP201, STM6-40/36, and STP6-120/36 PV modules. The performance of DEC-ACSA is evaluated against the original ACSA, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO) over 30 independent runs under an equal budget of 50,100 function evaluations. The DEC-ACSA configuration selected on RTC France was retained unchanged for the three additional module benchmarks. DEC-ACSA achieved mean residual RMSE values of 1.2514 × 10⁻³, 2.656 × 10⁻³, 2.647 × 10⁻³, and 1.8108 × 10⁻² for RTC France, PWP201, STM6-40/36, and STP6-120/36, respectively, while consistently reducing run-to-run variability relative to ACSA. Holm-corrected tests showed no significant difference from PSO on RTC France and PWP201, whereas significant differences from all comparison algorithms were observed on STM6-40/36 and STP6-120/36. I–V reconstruction further confirmed close agreement with the measured data across all four PV systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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11 pages, 977 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Control-Effort-Efficient Nonlinear Controller Tuning for Mobile Robots via Metaheuristic Optimization

by Imam Barket Ghiloubi and Nermin Özcan

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152005 - 1 Sep 2026

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Abstract

Mobile robots are increasingly deployed in autonomous navigation tasks where both tracking performance and reduction in the cumulative control-effort index are critical. This work proposes a control-effort index-aware tuning framework for a nonlinear backstepping controller applied to a two-wheeled mobile robot. The gains [...] Read more.

Mobile robots are increasingly deployed in autonomous navigation tasks where both tracking performance and reduction in the cumulative control-effort index are critical. This work proposes a control-effort index-aware tuning framework for a nonlinear backstepping controller applied to a two-wheeled mobile robot. The gains are optimized using the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) under three tuning strategies: accuracy-oriented optimization, weighted control-effort-performance optimization, and an adaptive switching approach. Comprehensive simulations on circular and lemniscate trajectories demonstrate that the proposed adaptive switching strategy achieves an effective compromise between tracking accuracy and control-effort index, reducing control-effort index by up to 12% on complex trajectories while maintaining satisfactory tracking performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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11 pages, 1348 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Power-Quality Enhancement of a Grid-Following Inverter Under Grid Voltage Unbalance and Impedance Uncertainty in Modern Energy Systems

by Panha Soth, Sokna San, Socheat Yay, Heng Tang and Chivon Choeung

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152006 - 1 Sep 2026

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Abstract

Grid-following inverters play a vital role in integrating renewable energy systems into modern power grids. However, their performance deteriorates under grid voltage unbalance and uncertain grid impedance, resulting in current distortion and double-frequency active-power oscillations. This paper proposes a robust dual-sequence current control [...] Read more.

Grid-following inverters play a vital role in integrating renewable energy systems into modern power grids. However, their performance deteriorates under grid voltage unbalance and uncertain grid impedance, resulting in current distortion and double-frequency active-power oscillations. This paper proposes a robust dual-sequence current control strategy for a three-phase grid-following inverter operating under these adverse conditions. The inverter model explicitly incorporates grid impedance uncertainty and is represented using a polytopic uncertainty model. Positive- and negative-sequence current controllers are independently designed based on a state-feedback integral structure, where the control gains are synthesized using linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization to guarantee robust stability over the entire uncertainty range. In addition, sequence-based reference-current generation is employed to suppress the negative-sequence current and eliminate double-frequency power oscillations under unbalanced grid voltages. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulation studies and compared with a previous robust power controller. The results suggest that the proposed controller significantly suppresses the 120 Hz active-power oscillation despite the presence of grid voltage unbalance and impedance uncertainty. Compared with a previous controller, the magnitude of the 120 Hz component is reduced by approximately 91%, demonstrating improved power-quality performance under grid voltage unbalance and impedance uncertainty. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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8 pages, 2022 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Future Offshore Wind Potential and Turbine Performance in the Romanian Black Sea

by Adriana Silion and Liliana Rusu

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152007 - 7 Sep 2026

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Abstract

In the context of accelerating global warming and the European Union’s objective of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, offshore wind energy serves as a vital strategy in the transition to a low-carbon energy system. One of the main objectives of this paper is [...] Read more.

In the context of accelerating global warming and the European Union’s objective of achieving climate neutrality by 2050, offshore wind energy serves as a vital strategy in the transition to a low-carbon energy system. One of the main objectives of this paper is to analyze the expected dynamics of wind power in the Black Sea. Further, an evaluation of the technical feasibility and performance of offshore wind turbines under future climate projections up to 2050 is performed. For this study, wind data were obtained from the CORDEX regional climate database, under the RCP 4.5 scenario, for a 25-year period (2026–2050) at nine locations in the Black Sea, situated at water depths ranging from 40 m to 120 m. The assessment examined six different commercial offshore wind turbines, with rated capacities between 2.3 MW and 6.3 MW evaluated at a common hub height of 100 m, based on the characterized wind potential identified at the selected sites. The proposed methodology integrates regional climate projections with turbine performance to provide a forward-looking assessment of offshore wind potential in the Romanian Black Sea area. The results focus on the comparative performance of the selected wind turbines in the nine examined locations, highlighting the differences in the energy field and efficiency depending on the wind conditions and the water depths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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10 pages, 5108 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Biorefining Wild Arachis pintoi for Sustainable Biofuels: A Multi-Product Biofuel Strategy

by Helitha Nilmalgoda, Nethmi Gunathilake, Lasitha Madhusanka, Ashan Induranga, Niroshan Gunawardana, Asanga Ampitiyawatta and Kaveenga Koswattage

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152008 - 10 Sep 2026

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Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable energy has increased interest in biomass-based fuels as alternatives to fossil fuels. This study evaluated the potential of Arachis pintoi (Pinto peanut) as a multiproduct biomass resource within an integrated biorefinery framework. The seed oil exhibited a low [...] Read more.

The growing demand for sustainable energy has increased interest in biomass-based fuels as alternatives to fossil fuels. This study evaluated the potential of Arachis pintoi (Pinto peanut) as a multiproduct biomass resource within an integrated biorefinery framework. The seed oil exhibited a low free fatty acid (FFA) content (0.612%), enabling direct alkaline transesterification without acid pretreatment. The produced biodiesel showed favorable fuel properties, including a calorific value of 40.54 MJ/kg, a kinematic viscosity of 4.70 mm²/s, and a flash point of 157.5 °C. The residual A. pintoi shells were subsequently valorized through pyrolysis to produce biooil, syngas, and biochar, with the resulting products evaluated for their energy-related characteristics. The biochar exhibited a calorific value of 25.24 MJ/kg, while the shells showed a calorific value of 16.79 MJ/kg and suitable proximate and ultimate composition for thermochemical conversion. In addition, the residual shells were utilized to produce cylindrical briquettes using paper and cardboard as binders, which were evaluated based on their fuel and mechanical properties. These findings demonstrate the potential of A. pintoi for integrated biomass valorization through biodiesel production, pyrolysis, and briquetting, providing multiple value-added energy products and supporting the development of sustainable bioenergy systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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11 pages, 2600 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Improving Energy Efficiency in Metalworking Machine Tools: Vector Control of Electric Drives Using a Frequency Converter and System Modeling

by Sardorjon Samiev, Shokhabbos Doliev, Farrukh Juraev, Sunnatjon Farxodov and Ramziddin Toshtemirov

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152009 - 10 Sep 2026

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Abstract

Today, the mechanical processing and treatment of metals are of great importance in the development of industrial sectors. Therefore, in the process of mechanical metalworking, a need arises to create new modern equipment or improve existing devices. In industrial sectors, there are several [...] Read more.

Today, the mechanical processing and treatment of metals are of great importance in the development of industrial sectors. Therefore, in the process of mechanical metalworking, a need arises to create new modern equipment or improve existing devices. In industrial sectors, there are several problems with devices and machine tools (such as the 1K62 lathe-screw cutting machine) used in the mechanical processing of metals, including the turning of cylindrical and conical parts, machining their external and internal surfaces, thread cutting, and surface polishing. Specifically, it is difficult to precisely control the spindle speed during the metal-cutting process; energy consumption is high due to the high starting current (5–7 times the nominal value) of asynchronous motors during machine operation; the vibration level is high during operation; and there is no torque control. These problems can be eliminated by using scalar (simple) and vector control methods of frequency converters. In this case, the vector control method was used in the research because it has several advantages as a solution to these problems. As a result, it was demonstrated during the research process that the spindle speed can be reduced to 12.5 rpm. This made it possible to precisely control the spindle speed, maintain torque at low speeds, increase energy efficiency, reduce the load on mechanical transmissions, and ensure the stability of the cutting process. In addition, by operating the asynchronous electric motor through a frequency converter, it is possible to increase the efficiency and service life of such machine tools. This is of significant importance in the process of optimizing the electrical power supply system of the machine tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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14 pages, 3380 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Dynamic Modeling Analysis of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-Based Wind Energy System

by Sardorjon Samiev, Shokhabbos Doliev, Javlonbek Khamraev, Golibjon Makhmatqulov and Khurshid Yusupov

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152010 - 11 Sep 2026

Abstract

The increasing integration of wind energy into modern power systems introduces significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability and power quality due to the stochastic nature of wind speed, particularly in microgrid environments. This study focuses on the modeling and control of a wind [...] Read more.

The increasing integration of wind energy into modern power systems introduces significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability and power quality due to the stochastic nature of wind speed, particularly in microgrid environments. This study focuses on the modeling and control of a wind energy conversion system based on a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) operating in conjunction with an external power supply system. A comprehensive simulation model of the wind energy system was developed in MATLAB (R2023b), incorporating both the wind turbine and power converter subsystems. The control strategy is based on stator flux-oriented vector control, which enables independent regulation of active and reactive power, combined with space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) to improve the performance of the power electronic converters. The system employs a dual-converter structure, where the rotor-side converter ensures bidirectional power flow and the grid-side converter maintains the DC-link voltage. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control system ensures fast dynamic response and stable operation under variable wind conditions. In particular, the stator current reaches a steady state within 0.01 s, satisfying the specified technical requirement for transient performance. Additionally, the DC-link voltage is effectively stabilized at approximately 700 V, ensuring reliable operation of the converter system. The use of SVPWM contributes to improved switching performance and efficient synthesis of voltage vectors, enhancing overall system stability. The developed model also confirms the stable operation of the wind energy system within a microgrid, ensuring coordinated interaction between system components under fluctuating wind conditions. Compared to conventional approaches, the applied vector control strategy provides effective decoupling of power components and improved dynamic characteristics for the system. The results obtained validate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control approach for small-scale wind energy systems and demonstrate its applicability for improving the stability and performance of renewable energy integration in modern power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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7 pages, 599 KB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modelling the Energy and Ventilation in Passenger Transportation Vehicles

by Margarida Conceição, Maria Inês Conceição, Eusébio Conceição, Maria Manuela Lúcio, João Gomes and Hazim Awbi

Eng. Proc. 2026, 152(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026152011 - 14 Sep 2026

Abstract

This study develops a new passive ventilation system for a passenger train. This ventilation system comprises a supply air system and an exhaust air system; it improves indoor air quality and uses only the pressure field generated by the movement of the train [...] Read more.

This study develops a new passive ventilation system for a passenger train. This ventilation system comprises a supply air system and an exhaust air system; it improves indoor air quality and uses only the pressure field generated by the movement of the train as its energy source. Air from the supply air system enters the exterior upper front of the train and exits at the interior lower lateral of the train. Air from the extraction air system enters the interior upper ceiling of the train and exits at the rear upper exterior of the train. In the study, a train comprising five closed compartments was considered. Each compartment is equipped with 16 seats and two tables, accommodating 16 passengers. In general, a vehicle velocity above 17.75 m/s generally ensures acceptable indoor air quality for a general occupancy of 80 passengers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Online Conference on Inventions)

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