2024 September - 94 articles
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause feared consequences, such as affecting microcirculatory activity. The combined use of HRV analysis, genetic algorithms, and machine learning classifiers can...
The registration of preoperative and follow-up brain MRI, which is crucial in illustrating patients’ responses to treatments and providing guidance for postoperative therapy, presents significant challenges. These challenges stem from the consi...
The segmentation of fundus tumors is critical for ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment, yet it presents unique challenges due to the variability in lesion size and shape. Our study introduces Fundus Tumor Segmentation Network (FTSNet), a novel segmenta...
Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) leads to central vision loss. It is essential to identify patients with FTMH at high risk of postoperative failure accurately to achieve anatomical closure. This study aimed to construct a predictive model for the a...
Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by the degeneration of joint surfaces at the base of the thumb. If conservative treatments have failed, surgery may be needed to improve symptoms. Typically, standard clinical tools, such as t...
Coronary artery disease leads to over 360,000 deaths annually in the United States, and off-the-shelf bypass graft options are currently limited and/or have high failure rates. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) present an attractive option, t...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by ongoing inflammation, impaired tissue repair, and aberrant interplay between airway epithelium and fibroblasts, resulting in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM)...
This study introduces a sophisticated neural network structure for segmenting breast tumors. It achieves this by combining a pretrained Vision Transformer (ViT) model with a UNet framework. The UNet architecture, commonly employed for biomedical imag...
Computed tomography (CT) imaging is vital for diagnosing and monitoring diseases in both humans and animals, yet radiation exposure remains a significant concern, especially in animal imaging. Low-dose CT (LDCT) minimizes radiation exposure but often...
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, and it is significantly influenced by the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) gene and gender. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict brain age and assess A...
Telemedicine is now being used more frequently to evaluate patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Assessing this condition involves clinical outcome measures, such as the standardized MG-ADL scale or the more complex MG-CE score obtained during clinic...
Accurate registration between medical images and patient anatomy is crucial for surgical navigation systems in minimally invasive surgeries. This study introduces a novel deep learning-based refinement step to enhance the accuracy of surface registra...
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used in ophthalmology for visualizing retinal layers, aiding in the early detection and monitoring of retinal diseases. OCT is useful for detecting diseases such as age-rel...
Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction after implantation of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (TECNIS Eyhance ICB00) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) who underwent cataract surgery with pars...
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed surgery aimed at alleviating pain and improving functionality. However, patients often face uncertainties in selecting the timing, location, and type of TKA implant that best meets their needs. Th...
Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted the field of dentistry, particularly in diagnostic imaging for caries detection. This review critically examines the current state of AI applications in caries detection, focusi...
Periodontal diseases, ranging from gingivitis to periodontitis, are prevalent oral diseases affecting over 50% of the global population. These diseases arise from infections and inflammation of the gums and supporting bones, significantly impacting o...
Vine shoots hold promise as a biomass source for fermentable sugars with efficient fractionation and conversion processes. The study explores vine shoots as a biomass source for fermentable sugars through pretreatment with two deep eutectic solvents...
The introduction of optimized nanoheaters, which function as theranostic agents integrating both diagnostic and therapeutic processes, holds significant promise in the medical field. Therefore, developing strategies for selecting and utilizing optimi...
Artifacts induced during patient monitoring are a main limitation for near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a non-invasive method of cerebral hemodynamic monitoring. There currently does not exist a robust “gold-standard” method for artifa...
The task of localizing distinct anatomical structures in medical image data is an essential prerequisite for several medical applications, such as treatment planning in orthodontics, bone-age estimation, or initialization of segmentation methods in a...
Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is the most abundant inositol polyphosphate both in plant and animal cells. Exogenous InsP6 is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. However, cellular entry of exogenous InsP6 i...
The automatic recognition and quantitative analysis of abnormal behavior in mice play a crucial role in behavioral observation experiments in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. Due to the challenging definition of abnormal behavior and diffi...
Ortho-R (ChitogenX Inc., Kirkland, QC, Canada) is an injectable combination drug–biologic product that is used as an adjunct to augment the standard of care for the surgical repair of soft tissues. The drug product comprises lyophilized chitosa...
Sequential drilling is a common practice in dental implant surgery aimed at minimizing thermal damage to bone. This study evaluates the thermal effects of sequential drilling and assesses modifications to drilling protocols to manage heat generation....
(1) Background: This study seeks to employ a machine learning (ML) algorithm to forecast the risk of distant metastasis (DM) in patients with T1 and T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC); (2) Methods: Data of patients diagnosed with T1 and T2 GBC was obtained...
Research on electroencephalogram-based motor imagery (MI-EEG) can identify the limbs of subjects that generate motor imagination by decoding EEG signals, which is an important issue in the field of brain–computer interface (BCI). Existing deep-...
Musculoskeletal injuries are increasing in conjunction with the aging of populations and the rising frequency of exercise [...]
This research investigates using Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) in dental prosthetics, focusing on enhancing the mechanical properties, adhesion capabilities, and environmental sustainability through AI-driven data analysis and advanced surface treatm...
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate how effectively the bioelectric toothbrush can alleviate dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) by using electrostatic forces to remove biofilm from the tooth surface. Methods: This study divided inpatie...
Control tissue is essential for ensuring the precision of semiquantitative analysis in back-table fluorescence imaging. However, there remains a lack of agreement on the appropriate selection of control tissues. To evaluate the back-table fluorescenc...
(1) Background: Various machine learning techniques were used to predict hypertension in Korean adults aged 20 and above, using a range of body composition indicators. Muscle and fat components of body composition are closely related to hypertension....
Osteochondral lesions may be due to trauma or congenital conditions. In both cases, therapy is limited because of the difficulty of tissue repair. Tissue engineering is a promising approach that relies on designed scaffolds with variable mechanical a...
Tissue engineering endeavors to create in vitro constructs that replicate the properties of native tissue, such as skeletal muscle. This study investigated the use of mechanical stimulation to promote myogenic differentiation and enhance the function...
Although the finite element head model (FEHM) has been widely utilized to analyze injury locations and patterns in traumatic brain injury, significant controversy persists regarding the selection of a mechanical injury variable and its corresponding...
Noninvasive brain signal measurement techniques are crucial for understanding human brain function and brain–machine interface applications. Conventionally, noninvasive brain signal measurement techniques, such as electroencephalography, magnet...
The human brain is a complex organ controlling daily activity. Present technique models have mostly focused on multi-layer brain tissues, which lack understanding of the propagation characteristics of various single brain tissues. To better understan...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the creation of computer systems capable of performing tasks typically requiring human intelligence [...]
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality among older adults. Early detection is critical as the prognosis for advanced-stage CVD is often poor. Consequently, non-invasive diagnostic tools that can assess hemodynamic functio...
Oral cancer, also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and caused 177,757 deaths worldwide in 2020, as reported by the World Health Organization. Early detection and identification of OSCC are hig...
Optical biosensors have emerged as a powerful tool in analytical biochemistry, offering high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of various biomolecules. This article explores the advancements in the integration of optical biosensors with mi...
This study evaluates the utility of OpenCap (v0.3), a smartphone-based motion capture system, for performing gait analysis in patients with neurological disorders. We compared kinematic and kinetic gait parameters between 10 healthy controls and 10 p...
Current surgical practices in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have advanced and include significant changes and improvements in alignment philosophies, femorotibial implant conformities, and ligament management to replicate in vivo knee kinematics. Whi...
The most prevalent form of bladder cancer is urothelial carcinoma, characterized by a high recurrence rate and substantial lifetime treatment costs for patients. Grading is a prime factor for patient risk stratification, although it suffers from inco...
The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic ability of fall risk classifiers using a Bayesian approach and the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. A total of 47 features from 181 records (40 Center of Pressure (CoP) indices and 7 patient desc...
This study aims to compare meibomian gland (MG) dropout and MG dysfunction (MGD) between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with moderate–severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and patients with no diabetes (NDM). This prospecti...
The mainstream compartmental models require stochastic parameterization to estimate the transmission parameters between compartments, whose calculation depend upon detailed statistics on epidemiological characteristics, which are expensive, economica...
Chronic pain affects over 50 million people in the United States, particularly older adults, making effective assessment and treatment essential in primary care. Actigraphy, which monitors and records limb movement to estimate wakefulness and sleep,...
The agonist–antagonist myoneural interface (AMI), a surgical method to reinnervate physiologically-relevant proprioceptive feedback for control of limb prostheses, has demonstrated the ability to provide natural afferent sensations for limb amp...
Early diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) could prompt patients to receive timely interventions in clinical practice. Various PAF onset prediction algorithms might benefit from accurate heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and machine...
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