Advanced Assessment of Medical Devices

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 4440

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Interests: tribology; corrosion; total joint replacement; biomaterials

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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Interests: tribology; corrosion; material characterisation; mechanical properties

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Interests: spinal technology and assessment; joint arthroplasty; bone disease and trauma; medical device technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The preclinical assessment of implantable medical devices is essential for enhancing both their safety and efficacy before reaching the patient. In light of recent high-profile clinical failures, preclinical testing regimes which previously used simplified or averaged conditions and ex situ analysis have faced increased scrutiny. This fails to capture clinically relevant failure modes and provides limited actionable or predictive data on the long-term performance of devices, hindering the effective translation and adoption of emerging technologies. An increase in the popularity of and demand for implants in younger patients, or those with complex healthcare needs, means that current preclinical testing domains are not representative. Furthermore, new and disruptive technologies often necessitate the need for advanced testing. This burgeoning calls for in silico models that drive innovation, offering great potential to address the growing and varied challenges in medical device development, but this is challenged by appropriate experimentally derived inputs and verification/validation frameworks.

This Special Issue of Bioengineering on Advanced Assessment of Medical Devices aims to showcase device development and assessment that goes beyond the current state of the art by inviting contributions from the community in the following areas (among others):

  • Advanced preclinical testing;
  • Device–biology interaction;
  • Co-creation with patients, clinicians, regulators, and industrial partners;
  • Machine learning and in silico digital twin methodologies;
  • Predictive models for device behaviour in vitro and in vivo;
  • High-throughput methodologies for biomaterial characterisation;
  • Regulatory science.

Dr. Andrew Robert Beadling
Prof. Dr. Michael Bryant
Prof. Dr. Richard M. Hall
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • medical devices
  • preclinical assessment
  • biomaterials
  • bioengineering
  • regulatory science
  • digital twins

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5258 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Evaluation of Two Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation Controllers with Non-Invasive, Intermittent Sensors
by Tina M. Rodgers, David Berard, Jose M. Gonzalez, Saul J. Vega, Rachel Gathright, Carlos Bedolla, Evan Ross and Eric J. Snider
Bioengineering 2024, 11(12), 1296; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11121296 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 974
Abstract
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in military and civilian trauma medicine. Fluid resuscitation is the primary treatment option, which can be difficult to manage when multiple patients are involved. Traditional vital signs needed to drive resuscitation therapy being unavailable without [...] Read more.
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in military and civilian trauma medicine. Fluid resuscitation is the primary treatment option, which can be difficult to manage when multiple patients are involved. Traditional vital signs needed to drive resuscitation therapy being unavailable without invasive catheter placement is a challenge. To overcome these obstacles, we propose using closed-loop fluid resuscitation controllers managed by non-invasive, intermittent signal sensor inputs to simplify their use in far-forward environments. Using non-invasive, intermittent sensor controllers will allow quicker medical intervention due to negating the need for an arterial catheter to be placed for pressure-guided fluid resuscitation. Two controller designs were evaluated in a swine hemorrhagic shock injury model, with each controller only receiving non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements simulated from invasive input signals every 60 s. We found that both physiological closed-loop controllers were able to effectively resuscitate subjects out of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock using only intermittent data inputs with a resuscitation effectiveness of at least 95% for each respective controller. We also compared this intermittent signal input to a NIBP cuff and to a deep learning model that predicts blood pressure from a photoplethysmography waveform. Each approach showed evidence of tracking blood pressure, but more effort is needed to refine these non-invasive input approaches. We conclude that resuscitation controllers hold promise to one day be capable of non-invasive sensor input while retaining their effectiveness, expanding their utility for managing patients during mass casualty or battlefield conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Assessment of Medical Devices)
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10 pages, 2484 KiB  
Article
Thermal Evaluation of Bone Drilling: Assessing Drill Bits and Sequential Drilling
by Sihana Rugova and Marcus Abboud
Bioengineering 2024, 11(9), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11090928 - 16 Sep 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
Sequential drilling is a common practice in dental implant surgery aimed at minimizing thermal damage to bone. This study evaluates the thermal effects of sequential drilling and assesses modifications to drilling protocols to manage heat generation. We utilized a custom drill press and [...] Read more.
Sequential drilling is a common practice in dental implant surgery aimed at minimizing thermal damage to bone. This study evaluates the thermal effects of sequential drilling and assesses modifications to drilling protocols to manage heat generation. We utilized a custom drill press and artificial bone models to test five drill bits under various protocols, including sequential drilling with different loads, spindle speeds, and peck drilling. Infrared thermography recorded temperature changes during the drilling process, with temperatures monitored at various depths around the osteotomy. The results reveal sequential drilling does not eliminate the thermal damage zone it creates (well over 70 °C). It creates harmful heat to surrounding bone that can spread up to 10 mm from the osteotomy. The first drill used in sequential drilling produces the highest temperatures (over 100 °C), and subsequent drill bits cannot remove the thermal trauma incurred; rather, they add to it. Modifying drill bit design and employing proper drilling techniques, such as reducing drilling RPM and load, can reduce thermal trauma by reducing friction. Inadequate management of heat can lead to prolonged recovery, increased patient discomfort, and potential long-term complications such as impaired bone-to-implant integration and chronic conditions like peri-implantitis. Ensuring healthy bone conditions is critical for successful implant outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Assessment of Medical Devices)
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14 pages, 3920 KiB  
Article
Verification and Validation of Advanced Control Systems for a Spinal Joint Wear Simulator
by Kaushikk Ravender Iyer, David Keeling and Richard M. Hall
Bioengineering 2024, 11(8), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11080779 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Wear simulation aims to assess wear rates and their dependence on factors like load, kinematics, temperature, and implant orientation. Despite its significance, there is a notable gap in research concerning advancements in simulator control systems and the testing of clinically relevant waveforms. This [...] Read more.
Wear simulation aims to assess wear rates and their dependence on factors like load, kinematics, temperature, and implant orientation. Despite its significance, there is a notable gap in research concerning advancements in simulator control systems and the testing of clinically relevant waveforms. This study addresses this gap by focusing on enhancing the conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller used in joint simulators through the development of a fuzzy logic-based controller. Leveraging a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) fuzzy logic control system, this study aimed to improve displacement control, augmenting the traditional proportional–integral (PI) tuning approach. The implementation and evaluation of a novel Fuzzy-PI control algorithm were conducted on the Leeds spine wear simulator. This study also included the testing of dailyliving (DL) profiles, particularly from the hip joint, to broaden the scope of simulation scenarios. While both the conventional PI controller and the Fuzzy-PI controller met ISO tolerance criteria for the spine flexion–extension (FE) profile at 1 Hz, the Fuzzy-PI controller demonstrated superior performance at higher frequencies and with DL profiles due to its real-time adaptive tuning capability. The Fuzzy-PI controller represents a significant advancement in joint wear simulation, offering improved control functionalities and more accurate emulation of real-world physiological dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Assessment of Medical Devices)
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