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Photonics, Volume 12, Issue 10

2025 October - 96 articles

Cover Story: The limited availability of powerful and reliable mid-infrared (MIR) sources has prevented their widespread adoption in spectroscopy, even if most greenhouse gases’ fundamental absorption lines are found in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, in recent years, both MIR fiber lasers and ICLs have enjoyed substantial growth in available output powers. Since the two technologies have complementary benefits, combining them is an interesting avenue toward the development of a powerful and narrow linewidth MIR source. We report what is, to our knowledge, the first fiber amplification of a distributed feedback ICL operating in the MIR. This dysprosium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier yields 10 dB of gain at 3240 nm. We believe this is an important milestone toward power scaling of tunable single-frequency MIR laser sources. View this paper
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Articles (96)

  • Article
  • Open Access
459 Views
14 Pages

21 October 2025

This study systematically examined shock wave velocity induced by millisecond–nanosecond combined-pulse laser (ms–ns CPL) at a fixed ns laser energy density of 6 J/cm2, exploring the effects of varying pulse delays of 0 to 3 ms and ms las...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
623 Views
21 Pages

21 October 2025

With the continuous growth of global communication demands, the space-ground integrated optical network (SGION), composed of the satellite optical network (SON) and terrestrial optical network (TON), has gradually become a critical component of globa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
501 Views
12 Pages

21 October 2025

A broad-temperature-range wavelength tracking system employing a thermistor monitoring circuit and a tunable optical filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this scheme, a thermistor monitoring circuit is utilized to acquire the real-t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,115 Views
28 Pages

VCSELs: Influence of Design on Performance and Data Transmission over Multi-Mode and Single-Mode Fibers

  • Nikolay N. Ledentsov,
  • Nikolay Ledentsov,
  • Vitaly A. Shchukin,
  • Alexander N. Ledentsov,
  • Oleg Yu. Makarov,
  • Ilya E. Titkov,
  • Markus Lindemann,
  • Thomas de Adelsburg Ettmayer,
  • Nils C. Gerhardt and
  • Ming-Jun Li
  • + 4 authors

21 October 2025

Substantial improvements in the performance of optical interconnects based on multi-mode fibers are required to support emerging single-channel data transmission rates of 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s. Future optical components must combine very high modulat...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
636 Views
8 Pages

A 1908 nm Internal-Cavity Tm-Doped Fiber Laser Pumped by a 1570 nm Er/Yb Fiber Laser

  • Yang Li,
  • Yunpeng Wang,
  • Dongming Zhang,
  • Hailin Hu,
  • Wentao Zhou,
  • Xinyu Cai,
  • Weinan Yan,
  • Guanjie Mao,
  • Ming Liu and
  • Pingxue Li

20 October 2025

An internal-cavity Tm-doped all-fiber laser at 1908 nm in-band-pumped by a 1570 nm Er/Yb co-doped fiber laser is proposed. An external-cavity fiber oscillator composed of a pair of high-reflectivity (HR) fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at 1570 nm pumped...

  • Article
  • Open Access
625 Views
14 Pages

19 October 2025

The fragment suppression ability of terbium plasma generated by laser at different environmental pressures is investigated, with a focus on exploring the slowing effect of buffer gas on high-energy particles. Using two-dimensional radiation hydrodyna...

  • Article
  • Open Access
632 Views
18 Pages

Multi-Soliton Propagation and Interaction in Λ-Type EIT Media: An Integrable Approach

  • Ramesh Kumar Vaduganathan,
  • Prasanta K. Panigrahi and
  • Boris A. Malomed

19 October 2025

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is well known as a quantum optical phenomenon that permits a normally opaque medium to become transparent due to the quantum interference between transition pathways. This work addresses multi-soliton dy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
791 Views
9 Pages

19 October 2025

We present a compact hybrid imaging system operating in the 3–5 μm spectral band that combines refractive optics with a dispersion-engineered metasurface to overcome the longstanding trade-off between wide field of view (FOV), system size, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
598 Views
14 Pages

17 October 2025

Fresnel wave surfaces, or isofrequency light shells, provide a powerful framework for describing electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic media, yet their applicability is restricted to reciprocal, lossless materials and far-field radiation. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
791 Views
12 Pages

Ultra-High Spectral Contrast Nanobeam Photonic Crystal Cavity on Bending Waveguide

  • Ping Yu,
  • Peihong Cheng,
  • Zhuoyuan Wang,
  • Jingrui Wang,
  • Fangfang Ge,
  • Huiye Qiu and
  • Daniel Kacik

17 October 2025

In this article, one-dimensional photonic crystal cavities on bending waveguides (PCCoBW) used for achieving high-contrast spectra are proposed, analyzed, and experimentally verified on silicon on insulator (SOI). Both air and dielectric modes of the...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2,262 Views
58 Pages

17 October 2025

The detection and characterization of exoplanets are central topics in astronomy, and high-contrast imaging techniques such nulling interferometry, coronagraphs, and extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) are key tools for the direct detection of exoplanets....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,183 Views
19 Pages

Vector Vortex Beams: Theory, Generation, and Detection of Laguerre–Gaussian and Bessel–Gaussian Types

  • Xin Yan,
  • Xin Tao,
  • Minghao Guo,
  • Chunliang Zhou,
  • Jingzhao Chen,
  • Guanyu Shang and
  • Peng Li

17 October 2025

A vector vortex beam (VVB) combines the phase singularity of a vortex beam (VB) with the anisotropic polarization of a vector beam, enabling the transmission of complex optical information and offering broad application prospects in optical sensing,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
685 Views
12 Pages

Random Search Algorithm-Assisted Automatic Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers

  • Penghui Yang,
  • Yanrong Song,
  • Lin Mao and
  • Ruyue You

16 October 2025

Automatic mode-locking is a crucial approach for achieving ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers. Here, a random search algorithm was developed, and an automatic mode-locked laser was constructed. Numerical simulations of an automatic mode-locked Yb-dope...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
684 Views
9 Pages

High Quality Factor Unidirectional Guided Resonances in Etchless Lithium Niobate Metagratings for Polarization Modulation

  • Zhidong Gu,
  • Jiaxin Peng,
  • Zhiyong Wu,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Jiajun Zhu,
  • Ye Feng,
  • Xinyi Sun,
  • Zhenjuan Zhang and
  • Guoan Zhang

16 October 2025

Unidirectional guided resonances (UGRs), as distinctive resonant eigenstates in planar photonic lattices, exhibit unique capability of emitting light in a single direction. In this work, UGRs with high-Q factor and infinite proximity to the Γ-p...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,275 Views
25 Pages

16 October 2025

As smart campus construction continues to advance, traditional safety monitoring and environmental sensing systems are increasingly showing limitations in sensitivity, anti-interference capability, and deployment flexibility. Optical fiber sensing (O...

  • Article
  • Open Access
632 Views
15 Pages

16 October 2025

Indirect lighting systems employing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and diffuse reflective surfaces are prevalent in applications demanding stringent illumination uniformity. However, conventional diffuse reflection approaches exhibit inherent limitatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
502 Views
14 Pages

16 October 2025

In this study, we explore the potential of applying machine learning (ML) to enhance high-pressure luminescence sensing. We investigate the luminescence behavior of Y2MoO6:Eu3+, synthesized via a self-initiated, self-sustained reaction. Emission spec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
954 Views
12 Pages

Design Methodology of a VIS Hybrid Refractive–Metalens System with a Wide FOV

  • Xingyi Li,
  • Peixuan Wu,
  • Yuanyuan Xing,
  • Peng Shi,
  • Xinjian Yao and
  • Yaoguang Ma

16 October 2025

The emergence of metalenses has opened new possibilities for miniaturizing optical systems. However, the limited group delay provided by meta-atoms restricts their aperture size under broadband operation. This challenge has stimulated the development...

  • Article
  • Open Access
623 Views
15 Pages

16 October 2025

Gap-protected topological channels are a promising way to realize robust and high-fidelity state transfer in quantum networks. Although various topological transfer protocols based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model or its variants have been pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,598 Views
16 Pages

16 October 2025

Female infertility from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis poses a challenge for both clinicians and women who are trying to conceive. The present clinical single case report aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multiple wavelengths of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
696 Views
20 Pages

15 October 2025

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR systems are extensively utilized in industrial metrology, autonomous navigation, and geospatial sensing due to their high precision and resilience to interference. However, the intrinsic nonlinear dyna...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
627 Views
12 Pages

High-Resolution Interferometric Temperature Sensor Based on Two DFB Fiber Lasers with High-Temperature Monitoring Potential

  • Mikhail I. Skvortsov,
  • Kseniya V. Kolosova,
  • Alexander V. Dostovalov,
  • Evgeniy V. Golikov,
  • Alexander A. Vlasov,
  • Sofia R. Abdullina,
  • Andrey A. Rybaltovsky,
  • Denis S. Lipatov,
  • Aleksey S. Lobanov and
  • Sergey A. Babin
  • + 2 authors

15 October 2025

A high-resolution temperature sensor using the beat frequency measurement between the modes of two DFB fiber lasers is presented. The laser cavities are formed by the femtosecond inscription technique in a highly Er/Yb co-doped phosphosilicate fiber...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,089 Views
14 Pages

15 October 2025

A nested semi-tube hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) that can support the high-purity transmission of a few polarization-maintaining modes is designed in this paper. By employing bi-thickness hybrid silica/silicon anti-resonant tubes, the bire...

  • Article
  • Open Access
678 Views
10 Pages

1970 W 1030 nm Single-Mode All-Fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier with ~3.2 GHz Linewidth Based on Ultra-Low NA Active Fiber

  • Yang Liu,
  • Xiaoyong Xu,
  • Mengfan Cui,
  • Wei Li,
  • Chongwei Wang,
  • Yan Peng,
  • Junjie Zheng,
  • Zilun Chen,
  • Yisha Chen and
  • Pengfei Ma
  • + 3 authors

15 October 2025

A high-power narrow-linewidth fiber laser with single-mode beam quality is experimentally demonstrated. By employing a cascaded phase modulation strategy, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold of the laser is effectively increased from...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
989 Views
11 Pages

Design and Fabrication of Thermopile Infrared Detector Based on Carbon Black Nanoparticle Absorption Layer

  • Cheng Lei,
  • Zhenyu Zhang,
  • Boyou Shao,
  • Xiangyang Ren,
  • Tengteng Li,
  • Fengchao Li and
  • Ting Liang

14 October 2025

This study demonstrates a high-performance thermopile infrared detector that incorporates a carbon black nanoparticle (CBNP) absorption layer. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional infrared-absorbing materials—including high...

  • Article
  • Open Access
798 Views
15 Pages

Spectral Shaping of an Optical Frequency Comb to Control Atomic Dynamics

  • Yichi Zhang,
  • Zhenqi Bai,
  • Hongyan Fan and
  • Ximo Wang

14 October 2025

In advanced spectroscopy, the classical symmetric optical frequency comb is limited in temporal flexibility and selection freedom, which constrains the efficiency and stability of quantum manipulation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
630 Views
21 Pages

Fractional-Order Modeling of a Multistable Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

  • Jorge Eduardo Silva Gómez,
  • José de Jesús Barba Franco,
  • Luís Armando Gallegos Infante,
  • Juan Hugo García López,
  • Rider Jaimes Reátegui and
  • Alexander N. Pisarchik

14 October 2025

We propose a novel mathematical model of a multistable erbium-doped fiber laser based on Caputo fractional derivative equations. The model is used to investigate how the laser dynamics evolve as the derivative order is varied. Our results demonstrate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
501 Views
18 Pages

Quantitative Strain Measurements of Kevlar Fibers in Composite Concrete Using Raman Spectroscopy

  • Fuyong Qin,
  • Xinmin Fan,
  • Jianxin Zhang,
  • Zaifa Du,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Wenjing Qiu,
  • Jiahui Shi,
  • Xiuhua Zhang,
  • Wendi Wang and
  • Fengliang Song
  • + 2 authors

14 October 2025

This study presents a Raman-spectroscopy-based quantitative analysis technique for measuring strain in Kevlar single fibers embedded in concrete. By irradiating the fibers with a laser, the researchers established a linear relationship between Raman...

  • Article
  • Open Access
470 Views
14 Pages

14 October 2025

Security is paramount in space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGINs) due to their inherent openness and the broadcast characteristics of wireless transmission. In this paper, we propose a secure downlink transmission scheme with NOMA-ba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
725 Views
21 Pages

Inverse Judd–Ofelt Formalism Based on Radiative Lifetime for Comparative Spectroscopy of RE3+ Ions in Glass

  • Helena Cristina Vasconcelos,
  • Maria Gabriela Meirelles and
  • Reşit Özmenteş

13 October 2025

This work shows that inverse Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis of relative absorption spectra, anchored by a single lifetime, provides JO parameters and radiative rates without absolute calibration. The method is applied to Er3+, Dy3+, and Sm3+ in a com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
628 Views
11 Pages

13 October 2025

In response to the practical demands of high rate, long distance, low cost and miniaturized equipment for underwater wireless communication, an underwater wireless optical communication experimental system with Fresnel lenses as optical receiving ant...

  • Article
  • Open Access
677 Views
9 Pages

Designs of Time-Resolved Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Branchline at S3FEL

  • Weihong Sun,
  • Chuan Yang,
  • Kai Hu,
  • Ye Zhu,
  • Chen Wu,
  • Yuhang Wang,
  • Yinpeng Zhong,
  • Zhongmin Xu and
  • Weiqing Zhang

13 October 2025

With the rapid development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (tr-RIXS) has attracted more attention. The preliminary designs of the tr-RIXS branchline and expected performance characteristics at...

  • Article
  • Open Access
724 Views
17 Pages

13 October 2025

Multi-channel optical systems can provide more feature information compared to single-channel systems, making them valuable for optical remote sensing, target identification, and other applications. The division of aperture polarization imaging modal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
568 Views
12 Pages

13 October 2025

Azimuth sensing plays a vital role in numerous industrial applications where tilt angle serves as a key parameter. To address the demand for accurate and reliable measurements, we propose an all-fiber two-dimensional inclinometer based on the Vernier...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
908 Views
16 Pages

13 October 2025

We present the design of an optically transparent, flexible, and tunable microwave absorber covering the X and Ku frequency bands. The absorber is based on a metasurface composed of a periodic array of graphene spiral resonators (GSRs) attached to an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
621 Views
12 Pages

13 October 2025

This study proposes a method for designing spatial light modulator (SLM) projection phases in digital lasers using a simulated annealing (SA) approach combined with an initialized pre-designed phase to generate structured laser beams. SLM projection...

  • Article
  • Open Access
640 Views
22 Pages

13 October 2025

Display-field communication (DFC) is an imperceptible screen-to-camera technology that embeds and recovers data from the frequency domain of an image frame. Conventional DFC requires a reference frame for each data frame to estimate the channel, a me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
692 Views
11 Pages

The Dependence of Spatial Aliasing on the Amount of Defocus and Spherical Aberration in a Model Eye

  • Varis Karitans,
  • Megija Jurgaite,
  • Maris Ozolinsh and
  • Sergejs Fomins

12 October 2025

The performance of the human eye is limited not only by optical factors but also capabilities of signal processing. The maximum spatial frequency that can be reliably processed depends on the sampling rate. If this frequency is exceeded, spatial alia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
723 Views
11 Pages

Construction of High-Resolution Goos–Hänchen Shift Measurement System

  • Xinmin Fan,
  • Hui Liu,
  • Zhonglin Lv,
  • Shande Li,
  • Yan Wang,
  • Fuyong Qin,
  • Chunyan Wang and
  • Xiaodong Huang

11 October 2025

Accurate measurement of the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift serves as a crucial foundation for the deepening of its theories and the expansion of its applications. To meet the requirements for GH shift measurement, this study constructed a complet...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,075 Views
41 Pages

11 October 2025

As the world is technologically advancing, the integration of FSO communication in non-terrestrial platforms is transforming the landscape of global connectivity. By enabling high-data-rate inter-satellite links, secure UAV–ground channels, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
744 Views
14 Pages

11 October 2025

Mid-infrared molecular sensing faces challenges in simultaneously achieving high-resolution qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of multiple biomolecules. To address this, we present a tunable mid-infrared sensing platform, integratin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
751 Views
10 Pages

Benchmarking the Cumulant Expansion Method Using Dicke Superradiance

  • Martin Fasser,
  • Claudiu Genes,
  • Helmut Ritsch and
  • Raphael Holzinger

10 October 2025

Collective superradiant decay of a tightly packed inverted quantum emitter ensemble is among the most intensely studied phenomena in quantum optics. Since the seminal work of Dicke more than half a century ago, a plethora of theoretical calculations...

  • Article
  • Open Access
834 Views
15 Pages

10 October 2025

We study the quantum dynamics of cold atoms initially confined in a helical optical tube (HOT) and subsequently released into free space. This helicoidal potential, engineered via structured light fields with orbital angular momentum, imposes a twist...

  • Article
  • Open Access
642 Views
13 Pages

Underwater Sphere Classification Using AOTF-Based Multispectral LiDAR

  • Yukai Ma,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Rui Wang,
  • Fashuai Li,
  • Tingting He,
  • Boyu Liu,
  • Yicheng Wang and
  • Fei Han

10 October 2025

Multispectral LiDAR (MSL) systems offer a significant advantage by actively capturing both spatial and spectral information. These systems offer significant promise in supporting the comprehensive analysis and precise classification of underwater tar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
716 Views
14 Pages

Ultra-Compact Inverse-Designed Integrated Photonic Matrix Compute Core

  • Mingzhe Li,
  • Tong Wang,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Yulin Shen,
  • Jie Yang,
  • Ke Zhang,
  • Dehui Pan,
  • Jiahui Yao and
  • Ming Xin

10 October 2025

Leveraging our developed Global–Local Integrated Topology inverse design algorithm, we designed an efficient, compact, and symmetrical power splitter on a silicon-on-insulator platform. This device achieves a low insertion loss of 0.18 dB and a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
722 Views
13 Pages

DCNN–Transformer Hybrid Network for Robust Feature Extraction in FMCW LiDAR Ranging

  • Wenhao Xu,
  • Pansong Zhang,
  • Guohui Yuan,
  • Shichang Xu,
  • Longfei Li,
  • Junxiang Zhang,
  • Longfei Li,
  • Tianyu Li and
  • Zhuoran Wang

10 October 2025

Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Laser Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems are widely used due to their high accuracy and resolution. Nevertheless, conventional distance extraction methods often lack robustness in noisy and complex enviro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,180 Views
13 Pages

Immersed-Prism TIRF Microscopy for Visualizing Intraflagellar Transport in Live Cells

  • Maya Chauhan,
  • Jun-Hyun Kim,
  • Dibyendu K. Sasmal,
  • Martin F. Engelke and
  • Uttam Manna

9 October 2025

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy excites fluorophores within a few hundred nanometers of the sample–substrate interface, enabling high-contrast imaging near the cell membrane. When cultured cells differentiate, the membr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
633 Views
18 Pages

9 October 2025

This work proposes a novel polarization-maintaining hollow-core anti-resonant fiber structure characterized by high birefringence and low transmission loss. To address the inherent trade-off between birefringence and confinement loss, a Pareto-front-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
582 Views
15 Pages

8 October 2025

The surface treated by laser phase transformation hardening exhibits superior hardness, enhanced wear resistance, and refined grain structure. In this study, both single-track and two-track laser phase transformation hardening processes were numerica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,093 Views
16 Pages

Design of an Underwater Optical Communication System Based on RT-DETRv2

  • Hexi Liang,
  • Hang Li,
  • Minqi Wu,
  • Junchi Zhang,
  • Wenzheng Ni,
  • Baiyan Hu and
  • Yong Ai

8 October 2025

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a key technology in ocean resource development, and its link stability is often limited by the difficulty of optical alignment in complex underwater environments. In response to this difficulty, thi...

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Photonics - ISSN 2304-6732