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Universe, Volume 9, Issue 12

December 2023 - 35 articles

Cover Story: A main source of uncertainty in modern cosmology is the present Universe expansion rate, H0, called the Hubble constant. Different observational techniques result in different H0 values well outside of quoted errors, labeled the “Hubble tension”, but this dichotomy has been present for decades. Here, we review the historical roots of H0 from the beginning of the twentieth century, when modern cosmology originated, to the present. We develop the arguments that gave rise to the importance of measuring the expansion of the Universe and its discovery, and describe the different pioneering works attempting to measure it. Contemporary high-tech instruments have revealed different disturbing values for H0 that demand a critical revision of the different techniques to determine the true value of the Universe’s expansion rate. View this paper
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Articles (35)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,963 Views
17 Pages

18 December 2023

A simple approach to the Hamiltonian theory of radiation phenomena is proposed. It is shown that the so-called “Trautman-Bondi-mass”, known to a rather narrow circle of specialists in general relativity, appears naturally in any special r...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,363 Views
17 Pages

15 December 2023

The equations of motion of an isospin-carrying particle in a Yang–Mills and gravitational field were first proposed in 1968 by Kerner, who considered geodesics in a Kaluza–Klein-type framework. Two years later, the flat space Kerner equat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,910 Views
14 Pages

15 December 2023

In this overview, we discuss the (Schwartz) distributional stress–energy quadrupole and show it is a source of gravitational waves. We provide an explicit formula for the metric of linearised gravity in the case of a background Minkowski spacet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,228 Views
15 Pages

Integral Fluxes of Neutrinos and Gamma-Rays Emitted from Neighboring X-ray Binaries

  • Odysseas Kosmas,
  • Theodora Papavasileiou and
  • Theocharis Kosmas

15 December 2023

Astrophysical plasma ejections (jets) are formed and powered by black holes that accrete material from their companion star in binary systems. Black hole X-ray binary systems constitute potential powerful galactic and extragalactic neutrino and gamma...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,784 Views
45 Pages

Torsion at Different Scales: From Materials to the Universe

  • Nick E. Mavromatos,
  • Pablo Pais and
  • Alfredo Iorio

14 December 2023

The concept of torsion in geometry, although known for a long time, has not gained considerable attention from the physics community until relatively recently, due to its diverse and potentially important applications to a plethora of contexts of phy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,637 Views
15 Pages

Spherically Symmetric Configurations in Unimodular Gravity

  • Júlio César Fabris,
  • Mahamadou Hamani Daouda and
  • Hermano Velten

14 December 2023

Unimodular gravity (UG) is often deemed comparable to General Relativity (GR) in many respects, despite the theory exhibiting invariance under a more limited set of diffeomorphic transformations. The discussion we propose in this work relies on the c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,038 Views
15 Pages

Tidal Resonance: A Factor Worth Considering in the Orbital Evolution of Heartbeat Stars

  • Jian-Wen Ou,
  • Chen Jiang,
  • Ming Yang,
  • Cong Yu,
  • Dong-Yang Gao and
  • Guangbo Long

14 December 2023

Heartbeat star systems have been reported to exhibit two distinct different orbital dynamic evolution processes: apsidal precession (e.g., KIC 4544587) and orbital decay (e.g., KIC 3766353). While experiencing similar dynamic tidal interactions, thes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,849 Views
11 Pages

MeV Dark Energy Emission from a De Sitter Universe

  • Yasmín B. Alcántara-Pérez,
  • Miguel. A. García-Aspeitia,
  • Humberto Martínez-Huerta and
  • Alberto Hernández-Almada

13 December 2023

The evolution of a de Sitter Universe is the basis for both the accelerated Universe and the late-stationary Universe. So, how do we differentiate between both universes? In this paper, we state that it is not possible to design an experiment using l...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,698 Views
22 Pages

Neutrino Flavor Model Building and the Origins of Flavor and CP Violation

  • Yahya Almumin,
  • Mu-Chun Chen,
  • Murong Cheng,
  • Víctor Knapp-Pérez,
  • Yulun Li,
  • Adreja Mondol,
  • Saúl Ramos-Sánchez,
  • Michael Ratz and
  • Shreya Shukla

12 December 2023

The neutrino sector offers one of the most sensitive probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM). The mechanism of neutrino mass generation is still unknown. The observed suppression of neutrino masses hints at a large sc...

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Universe - ISSN 2218-1997