Universe, Volume 11, Issue 9

We present pbhstat, a publicly available Python package designed to compute the mass function and total abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) from a given primordial power spectrum. The package offers a modular framework using multiple statistic...

We compare the observational properties of rotation-powered binary millisecond pulsars (BMSPs) in the Galactic Field with various companion types. First, BMSPs with diverse companion types exhibit different properties in the relation of binary orbita...

The high-redshift blazars are important cosmological probes for exploring the early universe and unraveling the fundamental emission processes and the structure of the active galactic nuclei. The high-energy GeV gamma-ray emissions of 38 high-redshif...

As we enter the final year of the second extended mission of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), it is time to reflect on what the TESS mission has contributed to the advancement of astronomy. Thousands of papers based on TESS data have...

We further investigate novel features of the T-vacuum state, originally defined in the context of quantum field theory in a (1+1)-dimensional radiation-dominated universe. Here, we extend the previous work to a realistic (3+1)-dimensional setup and s...

Dark matter dominates the matter content of the Universe, yet its particle nature remains elusive. Among the promising multi-messenger astronomy dark matter candidates are weakly interacting massive particles and superheavy dark matter, both of which...

In this paper, we investigate massive charged scalar perturbations in four-dimensional charged Lifshitz–AdS black holes with scalar hair within the framework of Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton (EMD) gravity. Using the improved asymptotic i...

Space-based gravitational wave missions such as LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin rely on the time-delay interferometry (TDI) technique to observe low-frequency signals such as Galactic binaries (GBs), massive black-hole binaries, and extreme-mass-ratio inspi...

In this paper, we provide a complete analysis of the most general spherical solution of the Lyra scalar-tensor (LyST) gravitational theory based on the proper definition of a Lyra manifold. Lyra’s geometry features the metric tensor and a scale...

We generalize our recent work on k-essence sourcing Kerr–Schild spacetimes to the kinetic gravity braiding scalar field. For k-essence, in order for a perturbative Kerr–Schild-type solution to become exact, the k-essence Lagrangian must e...

In this work, we employ the nonextensive Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model to analyze the thermodynamic properties of magnetized quark matter. The nonequilibrium state is described in Tsallis distribution by a dimensionless parameter q. We find that wit...

Light from fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be deflected by the gravitational lensing effect of primordial black holes (PBHs), if they are distributed along the path from the FRBs to the observer. Consequently, the PBH mass function can be constrained by...

The present work discusses the birth of the Universe via quantum tunneling through a potential barrier, based on quantum cosmology, taking a running cosmological constant into account. We consider the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson&nd...

Moons tidally interact with their host planets and stars. A close moon is quickly synchronised by the planet or becomes captured in a higher spin–orbit resonance. However, the planet requires much more time to significantly alter its rotation r...

We explore a timeless approach to quantum theory, in the form of the Page–Wootters mechanism, in which a gravitational interaction is introduced between the system and a finite-dimensional clock. The clock model used is the recently proposed qu...

We test the validity of the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) by combining angular diameter distance and luminosity distance measurements from recent cosmological observations. For the angular diameter distance, we use data from transverse bary...

The temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) as measured today can offer key insights into the topology of the early universe prior to inflation, for example by discriminating between flat and warped geometri...

One extension of general relativity, known as $\mathrm{f}\left(\mathrm{R}\right)$ gravity, where $\mathrm{R}$ denotes the Ricci scalar, is regarded as a promising candidate for addressing the anomalies observed in conventional general relativity. In this work, we apply the field equations of...

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) is one of the most productive and influential photometric sky surveys in the history of observational astronomy. Originally designed to detect dark matter through gravitational microlensing events,...

The Hubble tension, a persistent discrepancy between early and late Universe measurements of $H_0$, poses a significant challenge to the standard cosmological model. In this work, we present a new Bayesian hierarchical framework designed to meticulously...

Focusing on the discovery of new $\delta$ Scuti and $\gamma$ Doradus stars, we analyzed the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves for 193,940 A-F stars selected from four legacy catalogs—the Henry Draper Catalogue (HD), the Sm...

The variability of B-type stars offers valuable insights into the interiors of stars and the processes that drive pulsation and rotation in massive stars. In this study, we present the classification of the variability of 197 B-type stars observed in...

In this work, we derive the conditions that ensure gauge invariance of non-minimal dimension-5 Lorentz-violating QED. The two- and three-point functions at one loop are computed. The gauge Ward identities are checked, as well as the conditions, to en...

Over the past decade, astronomy has shifted from a data-starved to a data-drenched science [...]

We would like to report an error in the published paper [...]

The search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos in tritium beta decay is made possible through the theoretically allowed small admixture of electron flavor in right-handed, singlet, massive neutrino states. A distinctive feature of keV-scale sterile-neutr...

This research examines in detail the behavior of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) during a severe geomagnetic storm that occurred on 10–11 October 2024. The global data of Total Electron Content (TEC) represented by relative deviation, g...

We present extensive comparisons of ¹⁶O+¹⁶O collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV and ²⁰⁸Pb+¹⁶O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=68.5$ GeV as well as ²⁰Ne+²⁰Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV and ²⁰⁸Pb+²⁰Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=68.5$ GeV based on...

The real nature of little red dots (LRDs), a class of very compact galaxies in the early Universe recently discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope, is still poorly understood. The most popular theories competing to interpret the phenomena includ...

Looking at current proposals of so-called ‘warp drive spacetimes’, they appear to employ General Relativity only at an elementary level. A number of strong restrictions are imposed such as flow-orthogonality of the spacetime foliation, va...

We present optical photometry for the afterglow of GRB 201015A, which can be classified as a medium-luminosity gamma-ray burst ($L_{\gamma ,\mathrm{iso}}\approx 2.55\times {10}^{49}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ ) and the associated underlying supernova SN 201015A. A millisecond magneta...

This article addresses the problem of the tunnel effect with a gravitational potential. Specifically, the quasiclassical formulation is used here, and the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation is applied to the potential. This allows th...

We present a Bayesian statistical analysis to evaluate the Nexus Paradigm (NP) of quantum gravity, using horizon-scale observations of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) and M87* from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The NP pr...

The impact of cosmic rays is crucial to understand the energetic plasma outflows coming out from the Galactic centers against the strong gravitational potential well. Cosmic rays can interact with thermal plasma via streaming instabilities and produc...

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often exhibit broad-line regions (BLRs), populated by high-velocity clouds in approximately Keplerian orbits around the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) at subparsec scales. During episodes of intense accretion at...

We propose a novel telescope concept based on Earth’s gravitational lensing effect, optimized for the detection of distant dark matter sources, particularly axion-like particles (ALPs). When a unidirectional flux of dark matter passes through E...

The process of galaxy evolution over cosmic time is not yet fully understood, since there is a debate on the impact of galaxy collisions on the star formation and metallicity. The local environment of the galaxy mergers could also have a large impact...

The star formation rate (SFR) is a crucial astrophysical characteristic for understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies, determining the interplay between the interstellar medium and stellar activity. The mainstream approach to studying ste...

Ball lightning (BL) has been observed for centuries. There are a large number of books, review articles, and original scientific papers devoted to different aspects of the BL phenomenon. Yet, the basic features of this phenomenon have never been expl...

This paper investigates the global dynamics of timelike geodesics of a spherically symmetric black hole under Lorentz-violating effects governed by parameters $\lambda$ (scaling exponent) and ${\rm Y}$ (Lorentz violation strength). By employing dynami...

The precise monitoring of solar flares holds significant scientific value for space mission safety, communication security, and space environment forecasting. The H$\alpha$ line has long been utilized as a tool to extract information about the structu...

Using the precise measurements of the scattering length of neutron–matter interaction obtained through the method of neutron reflectometry by gravity, we establish new empirical constraints on deviations from the standard behavior of the gravit...