Universe, Volume 10, Issue 5

Every numerical general relativistic investigation starts from the solution of the initial value equations at a given time. Astrophysically relevant initial values for different systems lead to distinct sets of equations that obey specific assumption...

Nuclear reactions are responsible for the chemical evolution of stars, galaxies and the Universe. Unfortunately, at temperatures of interest for nuclear astrophysics, the cross-sections of the thermonuclear reactions are in the pico- femto-barn range...

Jets powered by AGN in the early Universe ($z\gtrsim 6$) have the potential to not only define the evolutionary trajectories of the first-forming massive galaxies but to enable the accelerated growth of their associated SMBHs. Under typical assumptions,...

The equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter as well as the neutron and proton effective masses and their partial-wave and spin–isospin decomposition are analyzed within the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approach. Theoretical uncerta...

This white paper explores the detectability of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) wandering in the Milky Way (MW) and massive local galaxies, with a particular emphasis on the role of AXIS. IMBHs, ranging within ${10}^{3-6}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, are commonly f...

In this paper, we study the gravitational waves of holographic QCD phase transition with hyperscaling violation. We consider an Einstein–Maxwell Dilaton background and discuss the confinement–deconfinement phase transition between thermal...

Barred galaxies often develop a box/peanut pseudobulge, but they can also host a nearly spherical classical bulge, which is known to gain rotation due to the bar. We aim to explore how the presence of gas impacts the rotation of classical bulges. We...

The relativistic positive-energy wave equation proposed by P. Dirac in 1971 is an old but largely forgotten subject. The purpose of this note is to speculate that particles described by this equation (called here Dirac particles) are natural candidat...

Long-baseline neutrino experiments represent the optimal platforms for probing the lepton Yukawa sector of the Standard Model, and significant experiments are either under construction or in the planning stages. This review delves into the scientific...

The estimation of galactic component masses can be carried out through various approaches that involve a host of assumptions about baryon dynamics or the dark matter model. In contrast, this work introduces an alternative method for predicting the ma...

Space-based gravitational wave detection is extremely sensitive to disturbances. The Keplerian configuration cannot accurately reflect the variations in spacecraft configuration. Planetary gravitational disturbances are one of the main sources. Numer...

An hourglass-shaped magnetic field pattern arises naturally from the gravitational collapse of a star-forming gas cloud. Most studies have focused on the prestellar collapse phase, when the structure has a smooth and monotonic radial profile. However...

Palatini-like theories of gravity have a remarkable connection to models incorporating linear generalized uncertainty principles. Considering this, we delve into the thermodynamics of systems comprising both Bose and Fermi gases. Our analysis encompa...

Solar-terrestrial interaction is a dynamic process that manifests itself in the ionosphere. Interplanetary (IP) shocks or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses can generate enhanced brightening in dayside aurora. Foreshock transients are capable of indu...

Modeling the brightness of satellites in large Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations can not only assist the astronomical community in assessing the impact of reflected light from satellites, optimizing observing schedules and guiding data processing,...

With the development of large-scale sky surveys, an increasing number of stellar photometric images have been obtained. However, most stars lack spectroscopic data, which hinders stellar classification. Vision Transformer (ViT) has shown superior per...

This Special Issue is a collection of reviews highlighting the recent progress in the very vast and closely related fields of $\gamma$-ray astrophysics and astro-particle physics in recent years, looking toward a very promising future [...]

Previously, a class of regular and asymptotically flat gravitating scalar solitons (scalarons) has been constructed in the Einstein–Klein–Gordon (EKG) theory by adopting a phantom field with Higgs-like potential where the kinetic term has...

We consider F-term hybrid inflation (FHI) and SUSY breaking in the context of a $B-L$ extension of the MSSM that largely respects a global $U\left(1\right)$R symmetry. The hidden sector Kaehler manifold enjoys an enhanced $SU(1,1)/U\left(1\right)$ symmetry, with the scala...

With new artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and application scenarios constantly emerging, AI technology has become widely used in astronomy and has promoted notable progress in related fields. A large number of papers have reviewed the applic...

The existence of ‘peculiar’ velocities due to the formation of cosmic structure marks a point of discord between the real universe and the usually assumed Friedmann–Lemaítre–Robertson–Walker metric, which accomoda...

By extending the dipole Pomeron (DP) model, successful in describing elastic nucleon–nucleon scattering, to proton single diffractive dissociation (SD), we predict a dip-bump structure in the squared four-momentum transfer (t) distribution of p...

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been found in great numbers, but the physical mechanism of these sources is still a mystery. The redshift evolutions of the FRB energy distribution function and the volumetric rate shed light on the origin of FRBs. Howev...

To the first post-Newtonian order, the orbital angular momentum of the fast-revolving inner binary of the triple system PSR J0337+1715, made of a millisecond pulsar and a white dwarf, induces an annular gravitomagnetic field which displaces the line...

At the moment, there are two neutron star X-ray binaries with massive red supergiants as donors. Recently, De et al. (2023) proposed that the system SWIFT J0850.8-4219 contains a neutron star at the propeller stage. We study this possibility by apply...

Over the last three years, the rates of all the main nuclear reactions involving the destruction and production of ²⁶Al in stars (²⁶Al(n, p)²⁶Mg, ²⁶Al(n, α)²³Na, ²⁶Al(p, γ)²⁷Si and ²⁵Mg(p, γ)²⁶Al) have been re-evaluated thanks to ne...

In the 1960s, the remnants of supernova explosions (SNRs) were indicated as a possible source of galactic cosmic rays through the Diffusive Shock Acceleration (DSA) mechanism. Since then, the observation of gamma-ray emission from relativistic ions i...

The theory of heavy ion double charge exchange (DCE) reactions proceeding by effective rank-2 isotensor interactions is presented. Virtual pion–nucleon charge exchange interactions are investigated as the source for induced isotensor interactio...

We study the loop oscillations after a solar flare on 19 January 2023, in the active region N11E40 3196, which is well observed by the SDO/AIA. After tracing the loop position and fitting, we find that the loop oscillations have a period between 3 an...

The $X_{CO}$ factor is defined as $X_{CO}=N\left(H_2\right)/W_{12CO}$. It is useful for estimating cloud mass. However, there is only limited research on how the $X_{CO}$ factor varies within a single cloud. Employing ¹²$CO(J=\text{1-0})$ and ¹³$CO(J=\text{1-0})$ spectral data, we computed an $X_{CO}$...

We review the role of the spectral condition as a characteristic of Minkowski, de Sitter, and anti-de Sitter quantum field theories. We also discuss the role of plane waves which are compatible with the relevant analyticity domains linked to the spec...

We compare a relativistic and a nonrelativistic version of Ostrogradsky’s method for higher-time derivative theories extended to scalar field theories and consider as an alternative a multi-field variant. We apply the schemes to space–tim...

This paper reviews the dynamics of a single isotropic and homogeneous scalar field $\phi \left(t\right)$ in the context of cosmological models. A non-standard approach to the solution of the Einstein–Klein–Gordon equations is described which uses the...

In this paper, we use the key parameters data set of the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission. The particle density profiles of electrons, ${\mathrm{CO}}_2^{+}$/${\mathrm{N}}_2^{+}$, ${\mathrm{CO}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{NO}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_2$ and $\mathrm{O}$ from 90...

After two phases of on-site construction and testing (2010–2013 and 2013–2017), the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT) can work well, with efficiencies better than 50% from 1.3 to 50.0 GHz, mainly benefiting from its low-noise cryogen...

Solar wind is known to have different properties depending on its origin at the Sun. In addition to the differences in plasma and magnetic field parameters, these streams differ due to the properties of turbulent fluctuations involved in the flow. Th...

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is impressively well described by a cosmological constant. However, the observed value of the cosmological constant is much smaller than expected based on quantum field theories. Recent efforts to achieve con...

In this work, we will explore the effects of non-commutativity in fractional classical and quantum schemes using the flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmological model coupled to a scalar field in the K-essence formalism. In previou...

Solar wind modeling is classified into two main types: empirical models and physics-based models, each designed to forecast solar wind properties in various regions of the heliosphere. Empirical models, which are cost-effective, have demonstrated sig...

The question of the global topology of the Universe (cosmic topology) is still open. In the $\Lambda$CDM concordance model, it is assumed that the space of the Universe possesses the trivial topology of ${\mathbb{R}}^3$, and thus that the Universe has an infinite volume....

We discuss matters related to the point that topological quantization in the strong interaction is a consequence of an infinite spacetime volume. Because of the ensuing order of limits, i.e., infinite volume prior to summing over topological sectors,...