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Vaccines, Volume 9, Issue 1

2021 January - 66 articles

Cover Story: Influenza viruses remain a constant burden in humans, causing millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Current influenza virus vaccines are often strain-specific, meaning limited cross-protection against divergent viruses, resulting in poor vaccine efficacy. Yearly influenza vaccination is an expensive and time-consuming exercise, and the constant arms race between host immunity and virus evolution presents an ongoing challenge for efficacy. Additionally, there exists the constant pandemic threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses with high fatality rates (~30–50%) or the emergence of new, pathogenic reassortants, highlighting the urgent need for improved influenza virus vaccines. Here, we review the next generation of influenza virus vaccines and the steps being taken to achieve universal protection. View this paper.
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Articles (66)

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,603 Views
10 Pages

HPV Vaccination Attitudes and Behaviors among General Practitioners in Italy

  • Francesco Napolitano,
  • Concetta Paola Pelullo,
  • Giorgia Della Polla and
  • Italo Francesco Angelillo

19 January 2021

This cross-sectional electronic online or telephone survey assessed the attitudes and behaviors regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the effect of different factors among a nationally representative random sample of 349 general practi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,274 Views
14 Pages

19 January 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibition is an effective anti-cancer therapeutic approach but has shown limited efficacy in treating colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Importantly, immune constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence therapy resp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,913 Views
15 Pages

A Scalable Manufacturing Approach to Single Dose Vaccination against HPV

  • Shuai Shao,
  • Oscar A. Ortega-Rivera,
  • Sayoni Ray,
  • Jonathan K. Pokorski and
  • Nicole F. Steinmetz

19 January 2021

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a globally prevalent sexually-transmitted pathogen, responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination rates remain suboptimal, partly due to the need for multiple doses, leading to a lack of compliance and i...

  • Review
  • Open Access
475 Citations
75,263 Views
30 Pages

Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines

  • Michael D. Buschmann,
  • Manuel J. Carrasco,
  • Suman Alishetty,
  • Mikell Paige,
  • Mohamad Gabriel Alameh and
  • Drew Weissman

19 January 2021

The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the mRNA-encoded immunogen after intramuscular injection, but also play roles...

  • Review
  • Open Access
129 Citations
22,012 Views
14 Pages

18 January 2021

In this concise review, we summarize the concepts behind mRNA vaccination. We discuss the innate and adaptive immune response generated by mRNA vaccines in different animal models and in humans. We give examples of viral infections where mRNA vaccine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
195 Citations
24,211 Views
15 Pages

Change of Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Reasons of Vaccine Hesitancy of Working People at Different Waves of Local Epidemic in Hong Kong, China: Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys

  • Kailu Wang,
  • Eliza Lai-Yi Wong,
  • Kin-Fai Ho,
  • Annie Wai-Ling Cheung,
  • Peter Sen-Yung Yau,
  • Dong Dong,
  • Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong and
  • Eng-Kiong Yeoh

18 January 2021

Vaccine hesitancy is among the major threats to the effectiveness of vaccination programmes. This study aimed to report the trend in response to willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine between two waves of the local epidemic and examine difference...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,801 Views
10 Pages

Comparison of Two Hepatitis B Vaccination Strategies Targeting Vertical Transmission: A 10-Year Japanese Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study

  • Koji Nishimura,
  • Keiji Yamana,
  • Sachiyo Fukushima,
  • Kazumichi Fujioka,
  • Hiroshi Miyabayashi,
  • Masao Murabayashi,
  • Ken Masunaga,
  • Aya Okahashi,
  • Nobuhiko Nagano and
  • Ichiro Morioka

17 January 2021

In 1985, a hepatitis B (HB) vaccination strategy against vertical HB virus transmission was introduced in Japan that recommended vaccination of infants at two, three, and five months of age (delayed strategy). This schedule was revised in 2013, recom...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
8,231 Views
26 Pages

Investigating the Interaction between Negative Strand RNA Viruses and Their Hosts for Enhanced Vaccine Development and Production

  • Kostlend Mara,
  • Meiling Dai,
  • Aaron M. Brice,
  • Marina R. Alexander,
  • Leon Tribolet,
  • Daniel S. Layton and
  • Andrew G. D. Bean

17 January 2021

The current pandemic has highlighted the ever-increasing risk of human to human spread of zoonotic pathogens. A number of medically-relevant zoonotic pathogens are negative-strand RNA viruses (NSVs). NSVs are derived from different virus families. Ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,542 Views
13 Pages

17 January 2021

In this study, we developed a hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)-based virus-like particle (VLP) that displays the West Nile virus (WNV) Envelope protein domain III (wDIII) as a vaccine candidate for WNV. The HBcAg-wDIII fusion protein was quickly prod...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,125 Views
11 Pages

Passive Immunization with Recombinant Antibody VLRB-PirAvp/PirBvp—Enriched Feeds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

  • Jassy Mary S. Lazarte,
  • Young Rim Kim,
  • Jung Seok Lee,
  • Jin Hong Chun,
  • Si Won Kim,
  • Jae Wook Jung,
  • Jaesung Kim,
  • Pattanapon Kayansamruaj,
  • Kim D. Thompson and
  • Tae Sung Jung
  • + 1 author

16 January 2021

The causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is the bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes toxins into the gastrointestinal tract of its host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins A and B (PirAvp/PirBvp) have been impl...

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Vaccines - ISSN 2076-393X