2026 June - 89 articles
Introduction: Inequities in access to medicines persist for asylum seekers, refugees, and undocumented migrants in Europe. For vaccines, access gaps not only exist for these groups in childhood routine immunization, but also for life-course and catch...
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and older adults worldwide. With the approval of nirsevimab and HRSV vaccines, accurate measurement of neutralizing ant...
Introduction: The WHO African Region is working to eliminate measles and rubella in 80% of countries by 2030. In countries with sub-optimal routine immunization coverage, periodic supplemental Immunization Activities (SIAs) are implemented to boost c...
Background: China’s influenza vaccine (InfV) has undergone multiple iterations and numerous technological breakthroughs, providing tremendous impetus and solid support for the development of China’s health sector. As the number of vaccina...
Background: Hypotonic–hyporesponsive episode (HHE) is a recognised adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) in infants, characterised by sudden hypotonia, hyporesponsiveness, and pallor or cyanosis. Although considered benign, its abrupt and...
Background/Objectives: Vaccine attitudes are an individual’s beliefs, feelings, and evaluations regarding vaccines. Limited research has examined how students in faith-based university settings organize these attitudes. This study looked at vac...
Background: The high incidence and severe health threat of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients, underscore the urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine. The aim of this study was...
Background: Varicella remains a common vaccine-preventable disease in China. Although Anhui Province recommended a two-dose varicella vaccine (VarV) schedule in 2021, real-world evidence on the incremental benefit of the second dose is limited. Metho...
Background/Objectives: COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can lead to widespread neurological and cognitive complications, even in the absence of significant structural brain abnormalities. Understanding the evolving health concerns in the con...
Background/Objectives: Re-emergence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) was reported in several European countries. We aimed to characterize the age distribution of H. influnezae carriage before and after Hib vaccination. Methods: We conducted...
Introduction: Vaccination against COVID-19 has been crucial in controlling the pandemic. While side effects are typically mild, rare neurological complications have been reported. This is a case series of ten patients who reported of persistent fasci...
Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer and is associated with several anogenital and oropharyngeal malignancies. Although licensed HPV vaccines are highly effective, access remains limited...
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent zoonotic disease worldwide, affecting approximately one-third of the global human population. Primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy can induce miscarriage or congenital infection, leading t...
Background/Objectives: Childhood vaccine refusal may negatively affect immunization programs in Türkiye, where regional clusters of hesitancy have emerged despite high national coverage. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, behavioral,...
Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated around 3197 annual deaths along with 5008 newly diagnosed cases of cervical cancer in Pakistan. Worldwide, introduced in 164 WHO member states, the HPV vaccine provides over ninety...
Objectives: This study aims to assess the acceptance of vaccinations among pregnant women, particularly against influenza, pertussis, COVID-19, and RSV, and to identify factors influencing their willingness to get vaccinated. It also seeks to evaluat...
Obtaining market approval and reimbursement are necessary but not sufficient conditions for the implementation of new vaccines in high-income countries to maximize their long-term preventative value. Comprehensive pre-launch and launch-phase economic...
Background/Objectives: Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with fatality rates exceeding 70% and causes recurring outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia. Reliable serological assays are critical for outbreak surveillance, diagnosis...
Background/Objectives: Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi), remains a common and severe equine infectious disease. Strangvac®, a recombinant fusion protein vaccine licenced in Europe, contains the antigens (Ag) CCE,...
Background/Objectives: Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vectors enable high-level transgene expression from minimal initial doses. While alphavirus-based saRNA systems are widely used, they suffer from limitations, including large genome size, complex rep...
Background: The dynamics of humoral immune responses following primary and booster COVID-19 vaccinations are crucial to understand in order to optimize vaccination strategies. This study evaluates the magnitude and durability of SARS-CoV-2-specific I...
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae severely affects adults over 65, especially those with comorbidities. Since vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is unknown despite free availability, this study evaluates knowledge, behaviours,...
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes nearly all cervical cancers and a growing share of HPV-related malignancies in both sexes, yet HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptance among medical students in Saudi Arabia, the next generation of clinician...
China recently became the 155th country to provide free vaccination to all 13-year-old girls with two doses of a domestic bivalent HPV vaccine in October 2025. Such a policy change aligns with the Immunization Agenda 2030, which expects more investme...
Influenza viruses remain a formidable challenge to global public health, causing annual epidemics and intermittent pandemics, and resulting in over 3 million severe infections with 290,000–650,000 deaths annually [...]
Background: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health problem in Latin America and an emerging concern worldwide. Current chemotherapies show limited efficacy during chronic infection, and no licensed vaccine is curre...
The development of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that signal via pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells is a strategy that is widely adopted in adjuvant research. Less well studied is how covalently linking diff...
Background: mRNA vaccines, first approved in December 2020, have been used globally to prevent infectious diseases, and those for treating cancers are being developed. Safety-related labelling changes of Comirnaty and Spikevax were made in June 2025;...
Background: Although prolonged inflammatory symptoms are an infrequent and problematic adverse effect of vaccination that can occur in some people, the transient activation of acute phase reactants (APRs) is expected with adjuvanted vaccines and help...
Background/Objectives: Technology transfer (TT) has been identified as a global health priority due to its impact on improving access to vaccines, including for pandemic influenza preparedness and response through bilateral and multilateral mechanism...
Background: Cervical cancer is among the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In Saudi Arabia, most cases are diagnosed at a late stage despite the availability of free...
Background: SARS-CoV-2 reinfections increased substantially after the emergence of Omicron variants. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2095 individuals with prior Omicron BA.2 infection in Shanghai, China, during the early post-zero-CO...
The global expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1), particularly the clade 2.3.4.4b lineage, has renewed urgent concerns about its pandemic potential in the context of its ongoing panzootic expansion and increasing cross-species trans...
Background: This study aimed to construct a recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vector vaccine delivering pcrV and compare the immunological impacts of OMVs as carriers versus as adjuvants. Methods: The recombinant plasmid...
Background: Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection causes over 99% of cervical precancers and cancers worldwide, with HPV genotype 16 (HPV16) responsible for 50% of the cases. Latvia ranks among the top EU countries for cervical...
The magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses are fundamentally influenced by the efficiency of antigen presentation. Traditional vaccine platforms, such as live–attenuated or inactivated pathogens, although immunogenic, often present...
Background/Objectives: Post-weaning diarrhea remains a major challenge in pig production worldwide. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) encoding fimbriae of the F4 type and producing the heat-stable enterotoxin, STb, are one of the important caus...
Background/Objectives: African Swine Fever (ASF) represents one of the most serious threats to animal health and global food security. The causative agent of ASF is the African swine fever virus (ASFV), a DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae famil...
Background: Self-compassion is the practice of treating oneself with kindness and understanding during times of hardship. There is a lack of studies investigating the associations between self-compassion and vaccination behaviors. This study investig...
Background/Objectives: Canine papillomavirus (CPV) is an important viral pathogen associated with papillomatosis in dogs, with canine papillomavirus type 1 (CPV1) and type 2 (CPV2) among the most prevalent and clinically relevant genotypes. The L1 ca...
Background: Measles has re-emerged in recent years as a public health concern in the context of insufficient vaccination coverage. Some children experience significant delays in receiving, or refuse to take, the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vacci...
Developing potent adjuvants is critical for enhancing vaccine efficacy, particularly for subunit antigens. Background/Objectives: This study evaluates a novel composite adjuvant system combining liposomal QS-21 and CpG ODNs to enhance vaccine-induced...
Therapeutic vaccines are a key strategy to achieve the goal of “functional cure” of chronic viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and...
Background: Adenovirus-vectored vaccines played an important role in the global response to SARS-CoV-2. Adenovirus platforms have many advantages including a simple and readily transferred manufacturing process, low cost, and thermostability. Speed o...
Vaccination remains one of the most effective strategies for preventing infectious diseases. Yet, the success of modern vaccines increasingly depends on the rational design of adjuvants that enhance and shape immune responses. In this review, we exam...
Background: Pseudorabies vaccines based on the live attenuated PRV Bartha-K61 strain remain essential for controlling pseudorabies in swine, but poor thermal stability during storage and transport limits field use. Objectives: This study aimed to dev...
Introduction: A knowledge gap exists around which interventions can be implemented to minimise missed opportunities for vaccination (MOVs) in children under age five. Children under age five experience higher rates of MOVs, making them a critical foc...
Background: Mpox is a re-emerging viral zoonotic disease that remains relevant for public health preparedness, risk communication, and vaccination literacy. University students are an important population for infectious disease communication because...
Background/Objectives: Girls living with HIV (GLHIV) or vulnerable to HIV have a higher risk of HPV infection and cervical cancer as they age. We determined acceptability and vaccination uptake after integrating HPV vaccination into HIV prevention an...
Background: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) remains a rare but severe condition associated with high mortality and a significant risk of long-term sequelae. Despite global vaccination efforts, the epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis continues...
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