Vaccines, Volume 13, Issue 4

Background: Globally, pneumonia claims the lives of about 700,000 children under the age of 5 every year. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in India phase-wise, beginning in high-burden states, and the rollout was completed nationwi...

As age increases, the immune function of elderly individuals gradually decreases, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases. Therefore, further research on common viral infections in the elderly population, especially severe acute respir...

Background/Objectives: Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) is a major cause of serious respiratory diseases in young children. Annually, hPIV-1 results in approximately 10,000 hospitalizations in the United States due to croup, bronchiolitis, a...

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second highest cause of cancer death in females. Metastatic recurrence that is resistant to traditional therapies presents a major challenge, necessitating the development of an innov...

Background: The emergence of several paramyxoviruses, including Nipah virus (NiV), makes continued efforts in vaccine development as part of pandemic preparedness efforts necessary. Although NiV is a zoonotic pathogen with high case fatality, there i...

Background/Objectives: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (WTD) play a central role at the human–livestock–wildlife interface, given their contribution to the spread of diseases that can affect livestock. These include a variety o...

Background/Objectives: The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral entry has been documented for SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to elicit similar ADE effects remains unclear...

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to provide insight into potential predictors of HPV vaccination uptake and the willingness to get vaccinated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among university students using an online, an...

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating the severity of clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer and...

Background/Objectives: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric infectious disease that causes severe morbidity and mortality in piglets, posing significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Oral vaccines based on...

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic strategies for solid tumors. However, their comparative efficacy in improving overall survival (OS) remains unclear. This systematic...

Background: Peptide amphiphile micelles (PAMs) are a promising lipid-based nanotechnology currently in development for a variety of applications ranging from atherosclerosis to cancer therapy. Especially relevant for immune applications, PAMs improve...

Monitoring the immune response to vaccination encompasses both significant challenges and promising opportunities for scientific advancement. The primary challenge lies in the inherent complexity and interindividual variability of immune responses, i...

Background: We previously showed that peptides encompassing the unique b3a2 or b2a2 breakpoint amino-acid sequence of oncogenic p210 induced peptide-specific T-cell responses in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Methods: From 2007 to 2011, two...

Vaccine formulations are a successful strategy against pathogen transmission because vaccine candidates induce effective and long-lasting memory immune responses (B and CD4+ T cells) at systemic and mucosal sites. Extracellular vesicles of lipoprotei...

Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the safety of the simultaneous vaccination of Japanese encephalitis attenuated live vaccine (JEV-L) and measles, mumps, and rubella combined attenuated live vaccine (MMR) in children and to provide a refere...

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant threat to human health. Vaccines designed for T-cell epitopes play an important role in eliminating the virus. However, T cell epitope screening often requires the use of a large number...

Human Endogenous Retroviruses comprise approximately 8% of the human genome, serving as fragments of ancient retroviral infections. Although they are generally maintained in a silenced state by robust epigenetic mechanisms, specific HERV groups, part...

Background/Objective: Neutrophils are essential for vaccine-mediated protection against pneumococcal infection and impairment in their antibacterial function contributes to reduced vaccine efficacy during aging. However, the signaling pathways that c...

Background/Objectives: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) significantly impedes swine production due to rapid genetic variation and suppression of antiviral interferon (IFN) responses, leading to ineffective immunity. To addr...

Background/Objectives: Vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing influenza virus infections. However, the continuous antigenic drift and shift of influenza viruses lead to a reduced efficacy of the existing vaccines, necessitating va...

Widespread and rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 posed an unprecedented challenge to vaccine developers. GeoVax has designed a multiantigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, designated GEO-CM02 based on a Modified Vaccinia Virus (MVA) vector that expresses spike (S), me...

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a recognized cause of cervical cancer and is associated with several other malignancies, including those affecting the vagina, vulva, anus, penis, and head and neck. The introduction of the HPV vac...

Background/Objectives: This study mapped antibody dynamics across three COVID-19 vaccination rounds (primary course, first, and second booster with BNT162b2) in Belgian nursing home residents (NHRs). Methods: Within a national SARS-CoV-2 serosurveill...

Objectives: This article presents a study evaluating the antibody levels against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in Kazakh Whiteheaded calves born to dams immunized with an experimental inactivated combined vac...

Background: In Australia, 2017 was a severe A/H3N2 season and, therefore, we estimated the effectiveness of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among New South Wales (NSW) reside...

This review systematically revises adenovirus (Ad) biology, vector structure, immune responses, and currently available Ad vector COVID-19 vaccines. It analyzes the challenges associated with the Ad vector-based vaccines, including preexisting vector...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Currently, no therapy exists to halt or cure T1D. Vaccination with diabetic autoantigens may offer p...

Background: The three commercial Enterovirus 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines which have effectively controlled the EV71 pandemic currently rely on inherent variable in vivo potency methods for batch release. To align with 3R (Replacement, Reduction, R...

Platelets, which have been traditionally associated with hemostasis and thrombosis functions, now receive attention for their role in immune responses that may affect vaccine development and effectiveness. Through their interactions with immune cells...

Background/Objectives: The HPV vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in preventing approximately 90% of HPV infection-associated cancers. However, the global HPV vaccination coverage rate remains low. Healthcare professionals are trusted sources of infor...

Background/Objective: Historically, immunization programs have focused on infants, children, and women of reproductive age. COVID-19 vaccination prompted countries to vaccinate adults. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a global overview...

Background/Objectives: Over the past two centuries, tuberculosis (TB) has been responsible for approximately one billion deaths and continues to represent a significant global health challenge. Despite extensive research efforts, fully effective stra...

Background/Objectives: The risk of the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in geese breeding and fattening flocks is heightened due to the necessity of free-range access to grazing grounds. This study aimed to evaluate the...

Background: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant (LTx) recipients. Therapeutic options are limited, emphasizing the importance of prevention. The Arexvy^® vaccine (RSVPreF3) show...

Children with hemato-oncological diseases represent a heterogeneous population at heightened risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Their immunosuppressed state reduces vaccine efficacy and raises safety concerns regarding live attenuated vaccines du...

Background: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a massive vaccination campaign was launched. Nonetheless, concerns arose regarding some peculiar groups of patients, including those affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), because of the im...

Background: Adjuvants function by enhancing the breadth, durability, and magnitude of the immune response, but little is known about their impact on vaccine stability. CpG is a widely used adjuvant that is included in several recently approved COVID-...

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a global race for a preventive vaccine, with a few becoming available just one year after describing this novel coronavirus disease. Among these are inactivated virus vaccines like CoronaVac (Sinovac Biot...

(1) Background: Clinical evidence has raised concerns regarding a potential link between COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines and the occurrence of thromboembolic events. So far, no research has explored the effects of this possible interaction in cancer pat...

Background: HPV vaccination reduces the risk of anogenital warts, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), and cervical cancer. To enhance immunogenicity, HPV vaccines include adjuvants such as toll-like receptor agonists, which may the...

Background: A previous phase I/II study demonstrated potent and long-term immune responses in men with prostate cancer following vaccination with a 20mer synthetic peptide (RV001) derived from the Ras homolog gene family member C protein (RhoC). More...

Over the past 20 years, intensive research has been conducted on the development of therapeutic mRNA, leading to numerous discoveries that have enabled its use in therapy. The main achievements in this field include increasing mRNA stability, reducin...

Background/Objectives: Routine immunisation (RI) coverage declines during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 2020 to 2022, are well-reported. With the declared end to the Public Health Emergency of International Concern in May 2023, and the cessation of mos...

Vaccination in Peru began 50 years ago as part of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), which has proven effective in saving the lives of millions of children. This research aimed to determine the coverage and adherence to the vaccination sched...

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 continues to challenge public health due to emerging variants. To mitigate this, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) recommends annual COVID-19 vaccination, but uptake remains suboptimal. This study...

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.3.1.1 and XEC currently dominate the COVID-19 epidemic. However, their cell tropism, proteolytic processing, and susceptibility to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies remain incompletely characterized. Metho...

Background: This study aims to evaluate the vaccination status of children with rheumatic diseases (RD) compared to healthy controls (HC) and immunization barriers, as studies examining the vaccination status and factors promoting or hindering vaccin...

Background/Objectives: Circulating influenza strains antigenically differing from vaccine antigens increase disease burden by decreasing vaccine efficacy. Nucleoside-modified mRNA (modRNA) influenza vaccines may facilitate rapid production allowing l...