Applied Sciences, Volume 12, Issue 4

The use of ornamental stones has a historical value that makes them strategically precious in Italy; marble can offer high performance in architectural applications, even though the variability of the rock mass requires detailed studies to optimize t...

Farmers are often exposed to risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders through lifting, carrying heavy loads, and sustained or repeated full-body bending. Several relevant studies on ergonomic interventions have been conducted for specific agricultu...

This paper proposes a robust control design method using reinforcement learning for controlling partially-unknown dynamical systems under uncertain conditions. The method extends the optimal reinforcement learning algorithm with a new learning techni...

During the phenomenon of food degradation, several volatile organic compounds are generally released. In particular, due to lipid oxidation in stored and packed meat, hexanal is formed as a typical decomposition product. Therefore, its detection can...

High particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the cleanroom semiconductor factory have become a significant concern as they can damage electronic devices during the manufacturing process. PM can be predicted before becoming more concentrated based o...

The SCADA system, which is widely used in the continuous monitoring and control of the physical process of modern critical infrastructure, relies on the feedback control loop. The remote state estimation system triggers the control algorithm or contr...

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world; as such, the best way to promote a more sustainable construction industry is to improve the environmental performance of this material. Since cement production is the main source of...

Road markings must be reflectorised with glass beads to be visible to drivers at night, retro-reflecting light from vehicle’s headlights, which is critical for road safety. Four commonly used types of glass beads were evaluated in a laboratory...

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant widely used to treat depressive and anxiety states. Due to its mode of action in the central nervous system (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)), it becomes toxic to non-target organisms, leading to changes...

Inclusive and intensive performance analysis of electrical equalizers in a short-reach optical system using four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) is presented in this paper. Two equalizers are used—a feedforward equalizer and decision f...