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2 pages, 158 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on the Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control

by Yijing Chu, Ming Wu and Hongling Sun

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010374 - 28 Dec 2022

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Abstract

Active noise and vibration control aims at attenuating unwanted sound or vibration by automatically generating an anti-sound or vibration [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

Research

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20 pages, 7668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Robustness of Active Headrest with Virtual Microphones to Human Head Rotation

by Hongyu Chen, Xiaofan Huang, Haishan Zou and Jing Lu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11506; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211506 - 12 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1925

Abstract

The movement and rotation of the human head can significantly degrade the control performance of active headrests with virtual microphones. This paper investigates the performance robustness of an active headrest with virtual microphones against the head rotation in a pure tone diffracted diffuse [...] Read more.

The movement and rotation of the human head can significantly degrade the control performance of active headrests with virtual microphones. This paper investigates the performance robustness of an active headrest with virtual microphones against the head rotation in a pure tone diffracted diffuse sound field. A physical model of a headrest system with a diffractive sphere is firstly developed, based on which the influence of acoustic transfer responses on the performance robustness against head rotation is analyzed. Then, the multi-objective optimization with constraints is developed to improve the performance robustness of the system, by designing optimized plant responses. Simulation results show that the method is effective in improving the robustness of single and dual channel systems. For a dual-channel headrest system with the proposed arrangements of secondary sources and microphones, the promotion of the minimum noise reduction is more than 7 dB after optimization when the head rotates from −90 degrees to 90 degrees at 125 Hz, 250 Hz and 500 Hz. In addition, the influence of different parameters on the optimization method is discussed for this dual-channel system. Finally, experiments carried out in an ordinary room validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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15 pages, 3354 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cooperative Control of Interconnected Air Suspension Based on Model Predictive Control

by Ying Zhou, Zhongxing Li, Wenhao Yu and Yi Yu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9886; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199886 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2099

Abstract

The suspension system is a significant part of a vehicle because it transmits the torque and force between the wheels and the frame, meeting the requirements of ride comfort. In this paper, a novel interconnected air suspension was introduced and a cooperative control [...] Read more.

The suspension system is a significant part of a vehicle because it transmits the torque and force between the wheels and the frame, meeting the requirements of ride comfort. In this paper, a novel interconnected air suspension was introduced and a cooperative control between interconnected mode activation (IMA) and outsourced mode activation (OMA) was designed. To improve ride comfort in a bus at a minimal energy consumption, this cooperative control based on model predictive control (MPC) for computing the best force and the rule was defined to distribute the best suspension force generated by IMA and OMA. The simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed control strategy significantly improved ride comfort in different conditions. Compared with traditional control in the test vehicle, the RMS of the front-left sprung mass and unsprung vertical acceleration decreased by 24.2% and 14.5%, respectively, under a straight condition; the RMS of the sprung (unsprung) mass vertical acceleration reduced by 22.38% and 15.43%, respectively, under a bump condition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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12 pages, 2311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Research on Reducing Flow-Induced Cavity Resonance with a Narrowband Active Noise Control System

by Fengyan An, Hao Li, Xilong Zhang, Chengpu Sun and Bilong Liu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7044; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147044 - 12 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2104

Abstract

In this paper, active control of flow-induced cavity resonance noise is addressed. A hybrid numerical method is presented to predict the resonance frequency and, instead of traditional active flow control, a narrowband active noise control system is utilized to suppress the resonance. A [...] Read more.

In this paper, active control of flow-induced cavity resonance noise is addressed. A hybrid numerical method is presented to predict the resonance frequency and, instead of traditional active flow control, a narrowband active noise control system is utilized to suppress the resonance. A duct system is built up at low Mach numbers and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed methods. The results have shown that the resonance frequency could be predicted with 1.5% errors and the flow-induced narrowband noise could be effectively suppressed at both the fundamental frequency and its first harmonic. More than 10 dB global attenuations could be achieved for the fundamental resonance frequency without noise enhancements at other frequencies. Further, it was also found that the optimal reference frequency of the narrowband active noise control system could be largely biased from the original resonance frequency, which indicates a nonlinear mechanism of the control system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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14 pages, 3286 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Band Gap and Sound Insulation Characteristics of an Adjustable Helmholtz Resonator

by Donghai Han, Guangjun Zhang, Jingbo Zhao, Hong Yao and Hong Liu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4512; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094512 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2116

Abstract

To solve the problem of low-frequency noise in the environment, a Helmholtz-type phononic crystal with adjustable cavity structure and labyrinth tubes was designed. The unique design of the labyrinth tube greatly increases the length of the tube, improving low-frequency sound insulation performance, and [...] Read more.

To solve the problem of low-frequency noise in the environment, a Helmholtz-type phononic crystal with adjustable cavity structure and labyrinth tubes was designed. The unique design of the labyrinth tube greatly increases the length of the tube, improving low-frequency sound insulation performance, and the design of adjustable cavity structure realizes active regulation of the band structure. The band gap structure and sound insulation characteristics were analyzed by finite element method (FEM) and electro-mechanical-acoustic analogy method. The result shows that, firstly, the structure can generate two complete band gaps in the low-frequency range of 0–500 Hz, and there is a low-frequency band gap with lower limit of 40 Hz. Meanwhile, the structure has excellent sound insulation performance in the range of 0–500 Hz. Secondly, multiple resonant band gaps can be connected by adjusting the structural layout of the cavity through the telescopic screw, so as to achieve the purpose of widening the band gap and active control of environmental noise. Finally, in the periodic arrangement design of the structure, reducing the spacing between cells can effectively increase the bandwidth of band gaps. This design broadens the design idea of phononic crystal and provides a new method to solve the problem of low-frequency noise control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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11 pages, 2290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Feedback Controller Optimization for Active Noise Control Headphones Considering Frequency Response Mismatch between Microphone and Human Ear

by Fengyan An, Qianqian Wu and Bilong Liu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12030977 - 18 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3568

Abstract

This paper presents an investigation on the feedback controller design for active noise control headphones under the condition that the frequency responses of the primary and secondary paths corresponding to the feedback microphone do not match to the ones corresponding to the human [...] Read more.

This paper presents an investigation on the feedback controller design for active noise control headphones under the condition that the frequency responses of the primary and secondary paths corresponding to the feedback microphone do not match to the ones corresponding to the human ear. The influence of such mismatches on the performance are analyzed first, and then an optimization method is proposed to enhance the comprehensive performance at the human ear. In the proposed method, the feedback loop is constructed directly with the feedback microphone and any extra filters of the virtual sensing techniques are avoided. Cascade biquad filters are used as the controller, which is in accordance with current applications. A differential evolution algorithm was used to solve the proposed optimization problem, and the optimal parameters of the controller were found. It has been shown by the experimental results that, at the dummy head ear position, good noise reduction performance could be obtained at the low frequency band with limited noise enhancement for high frequencies, even if large frequency response mismatches exist. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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24 pages, 9437 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Mode Active Suspension Control Based on a Genetic K-Means Clustering Linear Quadratic Algorithm

by Kun Wu, Jiang Liu, Min Li, Jianze Liu and Yushun Wang

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10493; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110493 - 8 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2333

Abstract

The traditional Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm depends too much on expert experience during the selection of weighting coefficients. To solve this problem, we proposed a Genetic K-means clustering Linear quadratic (GKL) algorithm. Firstly, a 2-DOF 1/4 vehicle model and road input [...] Read more.

The traditional Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm depends too much on expert experience during the selection of weighting coefficients. To solve this problem, we proposed a Genetic K-means clustering Linear quadratic (GKL) algorithm. Firstly, a 2-DOF 1/4 vehicle model and road input model are established. The weights of an LQR controller are optimized using a genetic algorithm. Then, a possible weighting space is constructed based on this optimal solution. Random weighting coefficients of each performance index are generated in this space. Next, LQR control for the 1/4 vehicle model is performed, and the simulation data are recorded automatically, with these random weighting values, different road classes, and driving speed. A machine learning dataset is built from these simulations. Finally, a K-means clustering algorithm is used to classify the LQR control active suspension into three performance modes: safety mode, comprehensive mode, and comfort mode. The optimal weighting matrix of each performance mode is determined to satisfy requirements for different types of drivers. The results show that the new GKL algorithm not only improves the suspension control effect but also realizes different performance modes. It can better adapt to the changes in driving conditions and drivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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Review

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13 pages, 4248 KiB

Open AccessReview

Some Practical Acoustic Design and Typical Control Strategies for Multichannel Active Noise Control

by Yijing Chu, Ming Wu, Hongling Sun, Jun Yang and Mingyang Chen

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042244 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3281

Abstract

Active noise control (ANC) systems usually involve a large number of loudspeakers and error microphones in order to achieve noise reduction over an extended region of space. Although fundamentals of ANC theory and principles of ANC methods have been well-established over the past [...] Read more.

Active noise control (ANC) systems usually involve a large number of loudspeakers and error microphones in order to achieve noise reduction over an extended region of space. Although fundamentals of ANC theory and principles of ANC methods have been well-established over the past 40 years, applications of this technology are facing new challenges. A larger quiet zone with better noise reduction performance is always desirable in a variety of real-life scenarios. This paper presents several important factors that affect the performance of multichannel ANC systems in some popular applications such as windows with natural ventilation and quiet-zone around heads. The factors affecting acoustic design include the reflection of a baffle plate, arrangement of error sensors in open areas, and so on. In addition, different control strategies are compared and analyzed, including centralized, decentralized, and distributed strategies. All these strategies are discussed from the signal processing side, which should be considered after a proper acoustic design. One of the important aims of this paper is to provide practical guidance for acoustic design and discuss several typical control strategies for multichannel ANC systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Active Noise and Vibration Control)

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