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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Fluid Mechanics: New Challenges in Fluid–Structure Interaction
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Symmetry in Fluid Mechanics: New Challenges in Fluid–Structure Interaction

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2315

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guanbin Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Second Campus, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
Interests: fluid–structure interaction; flow control; experimental fluid mechanics
Prof. Dr. Kyung Chun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: organic rankine cycle; heat transfer and heat exchangers; thermodynamics; experimental fluid mechanics; numerical modelling; advance power generation technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aref Afsharfard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
Interests: vibration; ocean wave energy harvesting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to explore fluid–structure interactions (FSIs), which is a crucial area in engineering. Join us in unraveling FSIs’ complexities and the advancing research in aerospace, civil, mechanical, biomedical, and marine engineering, and in understanding many symmetry phenomena.

This Special Issue aims to delve into the intricacies of fluid–structure interaction (FSI), encompassing an exploration of the bidirectional coupling between fluid flows and solid structures. It seeks to investigate phenomena like the symmetry observed in wake flows behind vibrating structures and the impact of aerodynamic forces. With a dedicated focus on addressing the complexities introduced by advancing technology, we invite contributions that tackle challenges such as navigating intricate geometries, integrating fluid and structural solvers, and confronting extreme conditions. Through the advancement of numerical methods and experimental techniques, as well as fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, this Special Issue endeavors to push the boundaries of FSI research and applications in alignment with the scope of Symmetry.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: fluid–structure interactions, complex aerodynamic forces, numerical methods, experimental techniques, fluid dynamics, AI-based flows and control, and energy harvesting from flows.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Guanbin Chen
Prof. Dr. Kyung Chun Kim
Dr. Aref Afsharfard
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fluid–structure interaction
  • complex aerodynamic forces
  • numerical methods
  • experimental techniques
  • fluid dynamics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1709 KiB  
Article
Fluid and Dynamic Analysis of Space–Time Symmetry in the Galloping Phenomenon
by Jéssica Luana da Silva Santos, Andreia Aoyagui Nascimento and Adailton Silva Borges
Symmetry 2025, 17(7), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071142 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 195
Abstract
Energy generation from renewable sources has increased exponentially worldwide, particularly wind energy, which is converted into electricity through wind turbines. The growing demand for renewable energy has driven the development of horizontal-axis wind turbines with larger dimensions, as the energy captured is proportional [...] Read more.
Energy generation from renewable sources has increased exponentially worldwide, particularly wind energy, which is converted into electricity through wind turbines. The growing demand for renewable energy has driven the development of horizontal-axis wind turbines with larger dimensions, as the energy captured is proportional to the area swept by the rotor blades. In this context, the dynamic loads typically observed in wind turbine towers include vibrations caused by rotating blades at the top of the tower, wind pressure, and earthquakes (less common). In offshore wind farms, wind turbine towers are also subjected to dynamic loads from waves and ocean currents. Vortex-induced vibration can be an undesirable phenomenon, as it may lead to significant adverse effects on wind turbine structures. This study presents a two-dimensional transient model for a rigid body anchored by a torsional spring subjected to a constant velocity flow. We applied a coupling of the Fourier pseudospectral method (FPM) and immersed boundary method (IBM), referred to in this study as IMERSPEC, for a two-dimensional, incompressible, and isothermal flow with constant properties—the FPM to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and IBM to represent the geometries. Computational simulations, solved at an aspect ratio of ϕ=4.0, were analyzed, considering Reynolds numbers ranging from Re=150 to Re = 1000 when the cylinder is stationary, and Re=250 when the cylinder is in motion. In addition to evaluating vortex shedding and Strouhal number, the study focuses on the characterization of space–time symmetry during the galloping response. The results show a spatial symmetry breaking in the flow patterns, while the oscillatory motion of the rigid body preserves temporal symmetry. The numerical accuracy suggested that the IMERSPEC methodology can effectively solve complex problems. Moreover, the proposed IMERSPEC approach demonstrates notable advantages over conventional techniques, particularly in terms of spectral accuracy, low numerical diffusion, and ease of implementation for moving boundaries. These features make the model especially efficient and suitable for capturing intricate fluid–structure interactions, offering a promising tool for analyzing wind turbine dynamics and other similar systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Fluid Mechanics: New Challenges in Fluid–Structure Interaction)
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24 pages, 4704 KiB  
Article
An Unconditionally Stable Numerical Scheme for 3D Coupled Burgers’ Equations
by Gonca Çelikten
Symmetry 2025, 17(3), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030452 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
In this study, we sought numerical solutions for three-dimensional coupled Burgers’ equations. Burgers’ equations are fundamental partial differential equations in fluid mechanics. They integrate the characteristics of both the first-order wave equation and the heat conduction equation, serving as crucial tools for modeling [...] Read more.
In this study, we sought numerical solutions for three-dimensional coupled Burgers’ equations. Burgers’ equations are fundamental partial differential equations in fluid mechanics. They integrate the characteristics of both the first-order wave equation and the heat conduction equation, serving as crucial tools for modeling the interaction between convection and diffusion. First, the fractional step method was applied to decompose the equations into one-dimensional forms. Then, implicit finite difference approximations were used to solve the resulting one-dimensional equations. To assess the accuracy of the proposed approach, we tested it on two benchmark problems and compared the results with existing methods in the literature. Additionally, the symmetry of the solution graphs was analyzed to gain deeper insight into the results. Stability analysis using the von Neumann method confirmed that the proposed approach is unconditionally stable. The results obtained in this study strongly support the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method in solving three-dimensional coupled Burgers’ equations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Fluid Mechanics: New Challenges in Fluid–Structure Interaction)
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18 pages, 10724 KiB  
Article
A Preliminary Study on Mitigation Techniques for 3D Deformation of Adjacent Buildings Induced by Tunnelling in Water-Rich Strata: A Case
by Wei He, Xiangxun Kong, Liang Tang, Wenli Chen, Wei Hu and Guanbin Chen
Symmetry 2024, 16(10), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101339 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 994
Abstract
Controlling the ground settlement and building deformation triggered by shield tunnelling, particularly within water-rich strata, poses a significant engineering challenge. This study conducts a finite element (FE) analysis focusing on the ground settlement and deformation of adjacent structures (with a minimum distance of [...] Read more.
Controlling the ground settlement and building deformation triggered by shield tunnelling, particularly within water-rich strata, poses a significant engineering challenge. This study conducts a finite element (FE) analysis focusing on the ground settlement and deformation of adjacent structures (with a minimum distance of 2.6 m to the tunnel) due to earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnelling. The analysis incorporates the influence of groundwater through a 3D fluid–solid coupling model. This study assesses the effects of tunnelling on the behaviour of nearby buildings and introduces two mitigation strategies: the vertical partition method and the portal partition method. Their effectiveness is compared and evaluated. Our findings reveal that the deformation curves of the stratum and the building are influenced by the accumulation and dissipation of pore pressure. The vertical partition method reduced surface settlement by approximately 70%, while the portal partition method further minimized building deformation but required careful application to avoid issues like uplift. Both methods effectively mitigate the impacts of tunnel construction, with the portal partition method offering superior performance in terms of material use and cost efficiency. This research provides a scientific foundation and technical guidance for similar engineering endeavours, which is vital for ensuring the safety of metro tunnel construction and the stability of adjacent buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Fluid Mechanics: New Challenges in Fluid–Structure Interaction)
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