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Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering,...
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Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2026 | Viewed by 16767

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Guangdong Tian

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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical-Electrical and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: adaptive robust control; logistics and transportation; AI intelligent algorithm; green manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhiwu Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Systems Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau
Interests: Petri net theory and application; supervisory control of discrete event systems; workflow analysis; system reconfiguration; game theory; production scheduling and planning; data and process mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yong Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Interests: bionic structure design; traffic and vehicle crash safety; simulation; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Honghao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: structural and multidisciplinary optimization; mathematical modeling; green manufacturing; vehicle safety design; data mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mechanical engineering is a field of basic research, which covers quite a lot of areas, such as materials science, machine design, physics, and of course mechanics. With the rapid development of computer technology, many advanced technologies have been applied to the field of mechanical engineering, such as rapid prototyping, numerical simulation, data-driven, evolutionary computation, and deep learning. Symmetry is a critical element in mechanical engineering, e.g., vehicle devices, heavy machinery, and engineering machinery, and has been exploited in the design and optimization process of materials, structures, and equipment. In the opinion of the Guest Editors, there are many theories and applications of advanced technologies in mechanical engineering that also need the theory of symmetry.

This Special Issue on “Advanced Materials, Structures, and Design Methods in Mechanical Engineering” aims to incorporate the latest research progress in the field of mechanical engineering that includes advanced materials, structures, and design methods. Topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Rapid prototyping, analytical and numerical simulation technologies of materials with novel mechanical properties;
  • Multiscale composite material selection technology;
  • Interdisciplinary application in intelligent and green manufacturing;
  • Performance analysis techniques for different key indicators of mechanical structures;
  • Multidisciplinary optimization methods of advanced mechanical structures;
  • Other related research topics.

Prof. Dr. Guangdong Tian
Dr. Zhiwu Li
Prof. Dr. Yong Peng
Dr. Honghao Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetrical design
  • symmetrical mechanism
  • mechanical engineering
  • advanced materials

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3834 KB  
Article
A Modular Design Approach to Enhance End-of-Life Product Recycling with Ergonomic Risk Considerations
by Jiaju Peng, Guangdong Tian, Hao Zhou, Haowen Sheng and Hao Huang
Symmetry 2026, 18(6), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18060893 - 24 May 2026
Viewed by 199
Abstract
The increasing number of end-of-life (EOL) products has raised new challenges for sustainable manufacturing, especially when recycling efficiency, structural modularity and worker well-being must be considered simultaneously. From the perspective of symmetry and asymmetry in mechanical product design, this study proposes a Design [...] Read more.
The increasing number of end-of-life (EOL) products has raised new challenges for sustainable manufacturing, especially when recycling efficiency, structural modularity and worker well-being must be considered simultaneously. From the perspective of symmetry and asymmetry in mechanical product design, this study proposes a Design for human-centric Modular Recycling (DFHMR) approach to improve EOL product recycling while reducing ergonomic risks in disassembly operations. In the proposed framework, functional similarity, structural correspondence and spatial association among components are used to characterize symmetry-oriented modular relationships, whereas asymmetric factors such as disassembly difficulty, carbon emissions, recycling profit and worker-related ergonomic risks are incorporated to describe the heterogeneity of practical recycling processes. A multi-objective optimization model is developed to maximize green disassembly performance and intra-module relevance while minimizing inter-module coupling and human-factor risks. To solve the constrained modular design problem, an enhanced social engineering optimizer (SEO) is introduced to balance global exploration and local exploitation. A turbo reducer case study is conducted to validate the proposed model, and comparative experiments with several multi-objective optimization algorithms demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the enhanced SEO. The results indicate that the DFHMR framework can provide decision-makers with a set of balanced modular recycling schemes, offering a practical reference for symmetry-oriented, sustainable and human-centered mechanical design under Industry 5.0. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 2710 KB  
Article
Knapsack- and Dynamic Programming-Based Symmetric Optimization for Material Multi-Objective Storage
by Lun Li, Xiaochen Liu, Shixuan Yao and Zhuoran Wang
Symmetry 2026, 18(4), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18040583 - 29 Mar 2026
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Large-scale composite equipment manufacturing imposes stringent requirements on the lean management of multi-specification fiber prepreg sheet storage, while existing optimization methods suffer from poor process adaptability, insufficient multi-objective collaborative optimization capability, and low space utilization of static layouts. This study constructs a symmetric [...] Read more.
Large-scale composite equipment manufacturing imposes stringent requirements on the lean management of multi-specification fiber prepreg sheet storage, while existing optimization methods suffer from poor process adaptability, insufficient multi-objective collaborative optimization capability, and low space utilization of static layouts. This study constructs a symmetric optimization framework for multi-objective composite sheet storage to address these critical bottlenecks. Specifically, the multi-dimensional process value of fiber sheets is quantified, and the layered storage optimization problem is transformed into a 0–1 knapsack problem with symmetric constraints. An improved Dynamic Programming–Backtracking (DP-BT) material selection algorithm and an adaptive dynamic programming iterative space optimization algorithm are proposed to achieve a symmetric balance of inter-layer space utilization and global optimization. Experimental validation with actual production data of 17 fiber sheet types verifies that the proposed method enables space optimization for specified layer counts to maximize average space utilization, with the rate rising from 79.4% (initial 4-layer layout) to 95.7% (3-layer) and 99.9% (2-layer), and a peak single-layer utilization of 100%. This framework achieves favorable optimization performance in the target production scenario and provides a referenceable symmetric optimization approach for the lean storage management of similar fiber sheet storage scenarios in composite manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 1569 KB  
Article
The Effect of Potassium Superoxide (KO2) Surface Symmetry on Its Thermal Decomposition: Insights from First-Principles and Experimental Analyses
by Jingya Dong, Fuhao Zhang, Xiao Zhang, Shikai Chang, Yuting Zhang and Rongdong Wang
Symmetry 2026, 18(3), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18030504 - 16 Mar 2026
Viewed by 442
Abstract
Potassium superoxide (KO2) can form during the oxidation of residual potassium in NaK-contaminated cold traps of sodium-cooled fast reactors. Its strong oxidizing nature, combined with limited thermal stability, raises safety concerns during shutdown and maintenance. Here, we integrate first-principles calculations with [...] Read more.
Potassium superoxide (KO2) can form during the oxidation of residual potassium in NaK-contaminated cold traps of sodium-cooled fast reactors. Its strong oxidizing nature, combined with limited thermal stability, raises safety concerns during shutdown and maintenance. Here, we integrate first-principles calculations with experiments to clarify the facet stability, temperature-driven surface evolution, and stepwise thermal decomposition of KO2. Guided by the tetragonal I4/mmm crystal symmetry of bulk KO2, symmetry-non-equivalent low-index facets and relevant surface terminations were systematically evaluated to identify physically meaningful exposed surfaces. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations further show that heating induces progressive surface amorphization and enhanced oxygen mobility, accompanied by the emergence of shortened O-O bonds and outward migration of oxygen species. Kinetic analysis using the climbing-image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method indicates that oxygen evolution is preferentially mediated by O2 release rather than atomic oxygen escape. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals two endothermic events consistent with sequential decomposition, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the transformation of KO2 into K2O. Collectively, these results provide an atomistic-to-macroscopic understanding of KO2 decomposition, offering practical guidance for defining safer preheating windows and handling strategies for NaK-contaminated components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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29 pages, 6801 KB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Automotive Disk Brakes Using ANSYS
by Yingshuai Liu, Shufang Wang, Shuo Shi and Jianwei Tan
Symmetry 2026, 18(2), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18020349 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1079
Abstract
The safety of vehicle operation is largely influenced by the performance of the brakes. The quality of automotive brake performance directly affects the lives of drivers and passengers. This paper conducts an in-depth study based on the structural characteristics of disk brakes for [...] Read more.
The safety of vehicle operation is largely influenced by the performance of the brakes. The quality of automotive brake performance directly affects the lives of drivers and passengers. This paper conducts an in-depth study based on the structural characteristics of disk brakes for a specific model of sedan, analyzing the roles of key components in the brake system. Then, using simulation techniques such as finite element analysis and topology optimization, it provides strong support for optimizing the design process. First, the symmetrical structure of the disk brake is analyzed, and 3D modeling is performed in SolidWorks 2025. Next, static simulation analysis is conducted using ANSYS R1, with results showing that the maximum total deformation of the brake is 0.038 mm (not strain), and the maximum stress is 155.78 MPa, which meets the requirements for emergency braking. On this basis, modal analysis is further conducted to clarify the natural frequencies and vibration patterns of each mode, comparing the differences in vibration modes across different orders. Through computational verification, the brake does not experience resonance, effectively improving the stability of each mode and the comfort of driving and riding. Finally, the variable-density method enabled 10.49% weight reduction while maintaining resonance safety, validating the proposed ‘static–modal–topology’ workflow for brake lightweighting. Unlike previous FEA studies that merely verified static strength or performed isolated modal checks, this work establishes an integrated “static–modal–topology” sequential optimization workflow which explicitly couples the prestress-induced frequency shift with lightweighting constraints, thereby filling the gap in simultaneous resonance-risk-aware and mass-target-driven brake design. The proposed ‘static-modal-topological’ sequential framework achieves a 10.49% weight reduction rate, representing a 26.4% improvement over the 8.3% reduction rate of single-topological optimization methods in the literature. Notably, it controls the first-order frequency of prestressed coupling at 1885.7 Hz (exceeding the engine’s 200 Hz upper limit) for the first time, resolving the core contradiction of ‘difficulty in balancing lightweighting and resonance risk’. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 4208 KB  
Article
Equivalent Elastic Modulus Study of a Novel Quadrangular Star-Shaped Zero Poisson’s Ratio Honeycomb Structure
by Aling Luo, Dong Yan, Zewei Wu, Hong Lu and He Ling
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010127 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 601
Abstract
This study proposes a novel four-pointed-star-shaped honeycomb structure having zero Poisson’s ratio, designed to overcome the stress concentration inherent in traditional point-to-point connected star-shaped honeycombs.By introducing a horizontal connecting wall at cell junctions, the new configuration achieves a more uniform stress distribution and [...] Read more.
This study proposes a novel four-pointed-star-shaped honeycomb structure having zero Poisson’s ratio, designed to overcome the stress concentration inherent in traditional point-to-point connected star-shaped honeycombs.By introducing a horizontal connecting wall at cell junctions, the new configuration achieves a more uniform stress distribution and enhanced structural stability. An analytical model for the in-plane equivalent elastic modulus was derived using homogenization theory and the energy method. The model, along with the structure’s zero Poisson’s ratio characteristic, was validated through finite element simulations and experimental compression tests. The simulations predicted an equivalent elastic modulus of 51.71 MPa (Y-direction) and 74.67 MPa (X-direction), which aligned closely with the experimental measurements of 56.61 MPa and 60.50 MPa, respectively. The experimental Poisson’s ratio was maintained near zero (v = 0.02). Parametric analysis further revealed that the in-plane equivalent elastic modulus decreases with increases in the wall angle, horizontal wall length, and wall thickness. This work demonstrates a successful structural optimization strategy that improves both mechanical performance and manufacturability for zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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31 pages, 34012 KB  
Article
Finite Element Parametric Study of Nailed Non-Cohesive Soil Slopes
by Sohaib Ali Tarmom, Mohd. Ahmed, Mahmoud H. Mohamed, Meshel Q. Alkahtani and Javed Mallick
Symmetry 2025, 17(12), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17122125 - 10 Dec 2025
Viewed by 690
Abstract
Computational modeling offers a cost-effective approach to exploring complex geotechnical behavior. This study uses PLAXIS 2D finite element software to simulate nailed soil slopes under plane strain conditions, with models calibrated against laboratory-scale experiments involving a sand-filled Perspex box, steel nail reinforcements, and [...] Read more.
Computational modeling offers a cost-effective approach to exploring complex geotechnical behavior. This study uses PLAXIS 2D finite element software to simulate nailed soil slopes under plane strain conditions, with models calibrated against laboratory-scale experiments involving a sand-filled Perspex box, steel nail reinforcements, and a rigid foundation. The soil mass, structural elements, and reinforcements are modeled using fifteen-node triangular elements, five-node plate elements, and two-node elastic spring elements, respectively. In this paper, parametric studies evaluate the influence of slope angles, mesh density, domain dimensions, constitutive models, and reinforcement configurations. Both prototype-scale and 3D-approximated models are included to assess scale effects and spatial behavior. The results highlight the significant impact of model size and material behavior, particularly when using the Hardening Soil model and its small-strain extension. Reinforcement optimization, including nail length reduction strategies, demonstrates the potential for maintaining slope stability while improving material efficiency. Validation against experimental data confirms that the numerical models accurately capture deformation patterns and internal stress development across different construction and loading phases. This study observed that the Hardening Soil (small-strain) material model significantly improved slope performance by reducing settlements and better capturing stress behavior, especially for steep slopes. Optimized redistribution of nail lengths across the slope depth enhanced stability while reducing reinforcement usage, demonstrating a cost-effective alternative to uniform configurations. The findings offer practical guidance for optimizing nailed slope stabilization in sandy soils, supporting safer and more economical geotechnical design for real-world applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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30 pages, 3607 KB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Steering Axle Structure for New Energy Vehicles
by Yingshuai Liu, Xueming Gao, Hao Huang and Jianwei Tan
Symmetry 2025, 17(11), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17111882 - 5 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1649
Abstract
As the core component of new energy vehicles, the performance of the steering axle will directly affect the overall maneuverability, stability, and safety of vehicle driving. The structural performance indexes of the steering axle of the pure electric vehicle are analyzed by the [...] Read more.
As the core component of new energy vehicles, the performance of the steering axle will directly affect the overall maneuverability, stability, and safety of vehicle driving. The structural performance indexes of the steering axle of the pure electric vehicle are analyzed by the finite element method, and a reasonable improvement plan is given according to its shortcomings. Firstly, the 3D model of the steering axle is established by SolidWorks (SOLIDWORKS 2023), and the details are simplified appropriately and then imported into the ANSYS (ANSYS2020R2 software) platform for static force analysis and modal analysis. Then, the stress distribution, deformation, and the first six orders of intrinsic frequency values of the steering axle are calculated and analyzed by using four working conditions, such as regular driving, emergency braking, lateral slip, and uneven road excitation, and it is concluded that the maximum stress of the original structure under each working condition is less than the requirement of the ultimate stress value. However, from the results, the maximum stress value is concentrated in the emergency braking condition and appears in the intermediate beam corner and the steering knuckle journal, which is also the most dangerous condition. In the modal analysis, it is concluded that the intrinsic frequency of this symmetry structure is much larger than the excitation frequency, and it can produce better dynamic effects under the working conditions, and the dynamic performance is better. Based on this, combined with the results of the static analysis of the proposed new increase in the thickness of the intermediate beam to improve the structural strength of the improvement measures, for this symmetry structure, through the re-simulation of the effect of the most critical conditions (emergency braking), the maximum deformation of the steering axle has been greatly reduced. In addition, the overall stiffness of the symmetry structure has been greatly improved, while the maximum stress is still less than the value of the permissible stress range, and the modal characteristics of the structure has not been affected. The finite element analysis software can effectively evaluate the performance and improve the optimization of the steering axle, which has certain theoretical significance and engineering reference value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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33 pages, 6605 KB  
Article
Design and Finite Element Analysis of Reducer Housing Based on ANSYS
by Yingshuai Liu, Xueming Gao, Hao Huang and Jianwei Tan
Symmetry 2025, 17(10), 1663; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17101663 - 6 Oct 2025
Viewed by 2204
Abstract
As a pivotal component of the single-gear reducer, the casing of the miniature car reducer not only safeguards the internal transmission system but also interfaces seamlessly with the external structure. Currently, the structural design of domestic single-stage reducers primarily leans on experience and [...] Read more.
As a pivotal component of the single-gear reducer, the casing of the miniature car reducer not only safeguards the internal transmission system but also interfaces seamlessly with the external structure. Currently, the structural design of domestic single-stage reducers primarily leans on experience and standardized specifications. To guarantee the reliable and stable operation of the casing, a high safety factor is often incorporated, which inevitably results in increased weight and necessitates secure bolting connections. This study presents an innovative scheme to design the flange with the box and realize the lightweight nature of the box by finite element analysis to reduce the manufacturing cost. Based on the working state of maximum torque and maximum speed, this study obtains the stress distribution of each bearing seat under different working conditions and carries out static and dynamic analysis combined with other coupling constraints. The analysis results show that the structure has high stiffness and strength, which is suitable for lightweight design, and that the first ten spontaneous vibration frequencies are far away from the excitation frequency of the inner and outer boundary, avoiding the resonance phenomenon. Moreover, this study proposes a new structure design method, which effectively improves the stiffness of the structure. Through the calculation of volume ratio before and after three optimizations, the optimal volume ratio of 30% is selected, unnecessary materials around the bearing seat are removed, and the layout of ribs is determined. After structural optimization, the weight of the shell is reduced by 10.2%, and both the static and dynamic characteristics meet the design requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 6510 KB  
Article
Multiphysics Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Load-Bearing Frame for Pure Electric SUVs
by Yingshuai Liu, Chenxing Liu, Xueming Gao and Jianwei Tan
Symmetry 2025, 17(7), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17071143 - 17 Jul 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3740
Abstract
With the increasing environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by automobiles, a lightweight design of automobiles is the best solution at present. In this paper, the load-bearing frame of pure electric SUVs is taken as the research object. The finite element analysis method [...] Read more.
With the increasing environmental pollution and resource consumption caused by automobiles, a lightweight design of automobiles is the best solution at present. In this paper, the load-bearing frame of pure electric SUVs is taken as the research object. The finite element analysis method is used to analyze the strength, stiffness and modal performance of the load-bearing frame, and the material selection of the frame is optimized according to the analysis results to achieve a lightweight design. First, a three-dimensional model of the pure electric SUV frame is established using SolidWorks software 2019 and then imported into ANSYS 2024 R1 Workbench for meshing and material property definition. Then, through finite element static analysis, the various force conditions of the frame under three typical working conditions of full-load bending, full-load braking and full-load turning are simulated; the stress distribution and deformation of the frame under different working conditions are confirmed; and the strength and stiffness performance of the frame are evaluated. After the above analysis, a modal analysis of the frame is carried out, and the natural frequency and vibration mode of the frame are finally obtained. According to the analysis results, the material replacement method is selected to optimize the lightweight design of the frame. The results show that the weight of the frame is significantly reduced after material optimization, while still meeting the strength, stiffness and modal performance requirements. This article provides a certain reference value for the lightweight design of pure electric SUV frames in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 11990 KB  
Article
Bluff Body Size Parameters and Vortex Flowmeter Performance: A Big Data-Based Modeling and Machine Learning Methodology
by Haoran Yu
Symmetry 2025, 17(4), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17040510 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2426
Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between bluff body parameters and vortex flowmeter performance through big data modeling and machine learning techniques. Vortex flowmeters are widely used in industry due to their high accuracy and minimal pressure loss. Nonetheless, optimizing their design remains challenging [...] Read more.
This study investigates the correlation between bluff body parameters and vortex flowmeter performance through big data modeling and machine learning techniques. Vortex flowmeters are widely used in industry due to their high accuracy and minimal pressure loss. Nonetheless, optimizing their design remains challenging due to the complex relationship between input and output parameters. Symmetry in bluff body design is crucial for vortex formation and stability. In this study, Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) was employed to generate 10,000 symmetry bluff bodies, and efficient serial simulations were conducted using Ansys Fluent, significantly reducing computational costs compared to traditional CFD methods. A regression model was developed using scikit-learn to map eight geometric parameters to eight performance indicators, achieving excellent fitting accuracy with residuals far smaller than the simulation accuracy of ANSYS Fluent. Through Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), objective function analysis, and in conjunction with CFD contour maps, this study has analyzed the relationships between input and output parameters and their impact on the Karman vortex street. This work has significantly improved the speed of big data collection and provided a solid theoretical foundation for data-driven optimization through big data analysis. In addition, the improvement of existing machine learning methods has achieved high-precision prediction and system parameter optimization, promoting the design of vortex flowmeters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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30 pages, 3329 KB  
Article
Multi-Objective Remanufacturing Processing Scheme Design and Optimization Considering Carbon Emissions
by Yangkun Liu, Guangdong Tian, Xuesong Zhang and Zhigang Jiang
Symmetry 2025, 17(2), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020266 - 10 Feb 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
In the face of escalating environmental degradation and dwindling resources, the imperatives of prioritizing environmental protection, and conserving resources have come sharply into focus. Therefore, remanufacturing processing, as the core of remanufacturing, becomes a key step in solving the above problems. However, with [...] Read more.
In the face of escalating environmental degradation and dwindling resources, the imperatives of prioritizing environmental protection, and conserving resources have come sharply into focus. Therefore, remanufacturing processing, as the core of remanufacturing, becomes a key step in solving the above problems. However, with the increasing number of failing products and the advent of Industry 5.0, there is a heightened request for remanufacturing in the context of environmental protection. In response to these shortcomings, this study introduces a novel remanufacturing process planning model to address these gaps. Firstly, the failure characteristics of the used parts are extracted by the fault tree method, and the failure characteristics matrix is established by the numerical coding method. This matrix includes both symmetry and asymmetry, thereby reflecting each attribute of each failure feature, and the remanufacturing process is expeditiously generated. Secondly, a multi-objective optimization model is devised, encompassing the factors of time, cost, energy consumption, and carbon emission. This model integrates considerations of failure patterns inherent in used parts and components, alongside the energy consumption and carbon emissions entailed in the remanufacturing process. To address this complex optimization model, an improved teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is introduced. This algorithm amalgamates Pareto and elite retention strategies, complemented by local search techniques, bolstering its efficacy in addressing the complexities of the proposed model. Finally, the validity of the model is demonstrated by means of a single worm gear. The proposed algorithm is compared with NSGA-III, MPSO, and MOGWO to demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm in solving the proposed model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials, Structures, Symmetrical Design and Mechanism in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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