2026 May - 101 articles
Background: Ovarian cancer (OVCA) remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with poor prognosis largely due to late-stage diagnosis and therapy resistance. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has recently emerged as a...
Background: The litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a devastating pest affecting litchi and longan production across Asia. Although a reference mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has been published, its utility...
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by leukocyte infiltration, inflammation, demyelination, and progressive neurodegeneration. Susceptibility to MS is influenced by genetic factor...
Background/Objectives: Lens development is an essential component of visual-system development during fish embryogenesis, yet its transcriptional timing remains poorly characterized in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). This study aimed to prov...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in mammalian skeletal muscle development, moving beyond their initial characterization as transcriptional “noise”. Unlike previous reviews that focus primarily on individua...
Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is now classified primarily by molecular subtype—POLE-ultramutated, mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR), TP53-mutant/copy-number-high (CNH), and “no specific molecular profile” (NSMP)—...
Background: Glucuronidation is a major phase II biotransformation reaction responsible for the inactivation and elimination of endogenous compounds and pharmaceuticals. This process is catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase...
Objectives: To characterize heterozygous pathogenic COCH variants in a French cohort with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (NSHL) and assess genotype–phenotype correlations in autosomal dominant NSHL (DFNA9). Setting: National Reference...
Background: The precise identification of cancer subtypes through the integration of multi-omics data has emerged as a key research direction in bioinformatics. Among existing multi-omics integration methods, similarity graph-based clustering algorit...
Background/Objectives: Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) has a short flowering period, and its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. These limitations have severely constrained its industrial development. Expansins (EXPs) are key proteins t...
Background: Mitochondrial genomes provide valuable information on evolutionary relationships among organisms and on the selective pressures acting on energy metabolism, increasing their relevance in ecological and environmental genomics studies. Haem...
Background/Objectives: Congenital heart malformations (CHDs) are not rare diseases, and, in many cases, their pathogenic mechanisms are well established. Several conotruncal defects are associated with genetic syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome and...
Objectives: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), a group of inherited disorders characterized by deficient melanin synthesis, leads to hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. OCA type 2 (OCA2) is caused by mutations in OCA2. This study aimed to chara...
This Special Issue on advanced research in forensic genetics aims to showcase recent methodological developments, emerging challenges, and future perspectives in a field that is rapidly evolving under the pressure of technological innovation and incr...
Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with systemic molecular alterations that extend beyond the central nervous system, including changes in peripheral blood transcriptomic profiles. While prior studies have focused pre...
Background: Immune-related snoRNAs remain largely uncharacterized in cancer. Methods: We comprehensively investigated their functions and clinical relevance through an integrative pan-cancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We sys...
Recent advances in forensic genetics are rapidly transforming the field from traditional DNA profiling toward integrative and predictive genomic approaches. While short tandem repeat (STR)-based typing remains the gold standard for human identificati...
Background/Objectives: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication in laryngeal cancer (LC), during radiotherapy (RT), significantly affecting patient outcomes. Identifying sensitive biomarkers to predict OM severity is therefore crucial. MicroRNAs,...
Background/Objectives: Rice fragrance is mainly determined by 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is negatively regulated by OsBADH2. However, the contribution of its paralog OsBADH1 to aroma-associated metabolism and GABA-linked abiotic stress respon...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. While most cases are sporadic, around 10% are familial. Recent genetic studies show that...
Background/Objectives: We conducted the first pharmacogenetic investigation of atopic dermatitis in a cohort of 43 Greek patients, focusing on key variants within the IL6/JAK/STAT signaling axis, a pathway central to inflammation and therapeutic targ...
This article discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease leading to progressive joint damage and multi-organ complications. The complex pathogenesis of the disease is presented, involving the interaction of environme...
Background/Objectives: CTLA-4 is a key checkpoint of peripheral immune regulation, yet its biology cannot be reduced to inhibitory signaling alone. This review discusses CTLA-4 as a dynamic regulatory pathway shaped by ligand handling, intracellular...
Background/Objectives: Grimmia tergestina is a lithophytic moss of Grimmiaceae, but its complete plastome has not previously been reported. This Brief Report presents the complete chloroplast genome of G. tergestina as a genomic resource for future w...
Economic traits in livestock and poultry arise from the intricate interplay between genetic inheritance and environmental factors, mediated largely by epigenetic regulation. Histone modifications, particularly methylation and acetylation, serve as fu...
Background: Maize shoot height is an important component of early vigor and plant architecture; however, its genetic basis during seedling development and its relationship with modern breeding remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to inv...
Background/Objectives: Epigenetic regulation plays a fundamental role in controlling the spatiotemporal expression of genes in plants under stressful environmental conditions. While LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) is known to be involved in his...
Objectives: To facilitate the innovation and efficient utilization of specialty maize germplasm, this study aimed to systematically evaluate a panel of 222 inbred lines. The objective was to comprehensively characterize phenotypic variation, genetic...
Background: Internode length (IL), a key component of plant height (PH), plays an important role in achieving the optimal architecture in wheat. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying internode elongation are not well understood. Methods: In this...
Background: Locally adapted goat populations represent important reservoirs of genetic diversity and play a crucial role in the sustainability of livestock production systems, particularly in marginal environments. However, many of these populations...
Background/Objectives: As a global chromatin organizer, SATB1 is increasingly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). This study aims to delineate the clinical and molecular characteristics of a novel de novo SATB1 variant in a patient pre...
Background/Objectives: Spaceflight presents a combination of physical and psychosocial stressors that may impact biological aging and health. Understanding how spaceflight influences molecular aging processes is essential as commercial and profession...
Background: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation is a high-energy physical mutagen capable of inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress, thereby generating genomic variability in photosynthetic organisms. However, its genome-wide effects in unicellular euka...
Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment, but their spatial heterogeneity remains incompletely characterized. We aimed to assess the biological and prognostic relevance...
Background/Objectives: The wall-associated kinases (WAKs) and WAK-like proteins (WAKLs) comprise a unique receptor-like kinase subfamily in plants, which have been shown to regulate plant development and defense responses by sensing cell wall-derived...
Background: Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea), commonly known as parent bugs, is a comparatively small pentatomoid family whose biological distinctiveness is exemplified by the repeated evolution of maternal egg–nymph guarding in seve...
Background/Objectives: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a widely used indicator of upper-limb muscular strength and a practical proxy for neuromuscular performance across both clinical and athletic contexts. Although HGS is heritable, evidence supporting s...
Background/Objectives: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent chemicals widely detected in aquatic systems and drinking water. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), a long-chain PFAS, has been reported globally in environm...
Background: Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) can irreversibly degrade cytokinin, regulating the growth and development of plants and helping them cope with environmental stress. Methods: To understand the expression characteristics and the biolo...
The aorta is the largest vascular conduit in humans, comprising three layers and a multitude of varying cell types collectively maintaining homeostasis and normal aortic wall function. Amongst these layers, the tunica adventitia is the external-most...
Background/Objectives: Bruck syndrome type 2 (BS2) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder within the osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) spectrum caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in PLOD2, which encodes lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2), an enzyme ess...
Background: The correlation between renal volume (or mass) and nephron number in newborns allows the use of the total kidney volume (TKV) at birth as a surrogate for congenital nephron number. Previously, the wide variation in final nephron number (t...
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, in which individuals harboring mutations in the same gene display divergent clinical manifestations, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to severe neurod...
This study reports a previously unreported heterozygous MYCN missense variant, c.454G>A (p.Ala152Thr), identified in a child and two affected relatives, with clinical findings consistent with Feingold syndrome type 1, an autosomal dominant develop...
Background/Objectives: DDX3X syndrome (MIM#300958) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability, language impairment, and a characteristic neurobehavioral phenotype that predominantly affects females. Although dysmorphic f...
Background/Objectives: In gilthead seabream, the transition from fish meal/oil-based diets to diets with partial plant-based replacement is gaining ground due to price fluctuations and environmental concerns. Most studies focus on the dietary effects...
Background: Chemoreception plays a central role in how insects perceive environmental chemical cues and regulate essential behaviors. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera), among the earliest-diverging lineages of winged insects, are important bioindicators of fr...
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Although HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 are the primary genetic determinants of susceptibility, they are not sufficient to explain disease...
Background/Objectives: The STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) family of seven transcription factors mediates cytokine and growth-factor signaling, regulating proliferation, differentiation, and immunity. While STAT3/STAT5 are est...
Background/Objectives: tRNAs, tRNAomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), the first proteins, ribosomes and the genetic code coevolved. We utilize sequence data to reconstruct key steps in establishing the first code on Earth. Methods: Networks wer...
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