The Function and Molecular Mechanism for Immune Responses in Human Diseases

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2025 | Viewed by 320

Special Issue Editor


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Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: immune response; gene expression
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in genomics and molecular biology have significantly enhanced our understanding of the immune system’s regulation in both health and disease. The immune response involves intricate networks of genes and signaling pathways that govern the recognition and resolution of pathogenic threats, while also contributing to immune dysregulation in various disorders.

This Special Issue focuses on the molecular mechanisms and genomic regulation of immune responses, with an emphasis on how these processes contribute to immunity against pathogens, autoimmunity, tumour and transplantation immunology, hypersensitivity, allergy, and immunodeficiencies. We invite original research and reviews from basic, translational, and clinical perspectives, including studies utilizing in vitro systems, animal models, and patient-derived data.

Contributions may explore gene expression dynamics, regulatory networks, epigenetics, and the interplay between genetic variants and environmental factors, helping to elucidate the complexity of immune-related conditions beyond monogenic paradigms.

Dr. Zsofia Banlaki
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • leukocyte
  • cytokine
  • immune receptor
  • signal transduction
  • gene expression
  • antibody-antigen
  • major histocompatibility complex
  • complement system
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

8 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Differential NF-κB mRNA Expression in Blood and Buccal Mucosa of Pediatric Patients with RSV Bronchiolitis
by Francesco Savino, Cristina Calvi, Stefano Gambarino, Maddalena Dini, Anna Pau, Paola Montanari, Anna Clemente, Ilaria Galliano and Massimiliano Bergallo
Genes 2025, 16(8), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16080851 - 22 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under two years of age. NF-κB is a key transcription factor in antiviral and inflammatory responses. This study investigates the expression of NF-κB mRNA in both [...] Read more.
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under two years of age. NF-κB is a key transcription factor in antiviral and inflammatory responses. This study investigates the expression of NF-κB mRNA in both blood and buccal swab samples of pediatric patients hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis, comparing levels at admission and discharge. Methods: Paired peripheral blood and buccal swab samples were collected from pediatric patients (n = 85) at hospital admission and discharge. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess NF-κB mRNA levels. Results: NF-κB mRNA levels significantly decreased in blood between admission and discharge (p < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in buccal swabs. Conclusions: These results suggest a compartment-specific regulation of NF-κB, with systemic inflammatory resolution at discharge and persistent or distinct mucosal immune activity. Understanding these dynamics may improve our approach to monitoring and treating RSV bronchiolitis. Full article
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