Cells, Volume 14, Issue 6

The global incidence and prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders have risen significantly in recent years. Although lifestyle choices in adulthood play a crucial role in the development of these conditions, it is well established that events occurrin...

Metabolic dysfunction leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits distinct molecular and immune signatures that are influenced by factors like gut microbiota. The gut microbiome interacts with the liver via a bidirectional relations...

Colorectal cancer is a major global health challenge, with current treatments limited by toxicity and resistance. Thiazole derivatives, known for their bioactivity, are emerging as promising alternatives. Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a n...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and muscle atrophy, with no effective treatments available. Chronic inflammation, which impairs muscle regeneration and...

Over the last few decades, the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia has surged, primarily due to high-fat diet (HFD). The pathologies of these metabolic disease...

Chronic pain is a global health problem with major socioeconomic implications. Drug therapy for chronic pain is limited, prompting search for non-pharmacological treatments. One such approach is physical exercise, which has been found to be beneficia...

Schwann cell (SC) transplantation shows promise in treating spinal cord injury as a pro-regenerative agent to allow host endogenous neurons to bridge over the lesion. However, SC transplants face significant oxidative stress facilitated by ROS in the...

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling in cardiomyocytes, controlling contractility, calcium handling, and hypertrophic responses. PDE4 provides spatial and temporal precision to cAMP signall...

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common hereditary disorder that disrupts renal function and frequently progresses to end-stage renal disease. Recent advances have elucidated the critical role of primary cilia and ciliary ion channels, inc...

Colorectal epithelium was the first long-term 3D organoid culture established in vitro. Identification of the key components essential for the long-term survival of the stem cell niche allowed an indefinite propagation of these cultures and the modul...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis affecting the skin and internal organs. Genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility, severity, and onset. Current treatments are...

By utilizing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), collagen hydrogel, and a cell line for human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, we produced a 3D microchannel blood–brain barrier (BBB) model under physiological flow. This 3D BBB has a circular-...

Red meat consumption is considered a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development and stimulated isolation of plasmid-like DNA molecules from bovine serum and milk, termed bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs). BMMFs encode a conserved replicat...

T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) are required for antibody production and are dysregulated in SLE. Genetic variants within or near interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) are associated with SLE risk. We previously repo...

Apoptosis is critical in placental development, and its dysregulation is linked to pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE). Environmental exposures, particularly secondhand smoke (SHS) and e-cigare...

Tendinopathy is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that affects both aging populations and individuals involved in repetitive, high-intensity activities, such as athletes. Current treatment options primarily address symptom management or involve s...

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a haematological malignancy primarily affecting older adults, characterised by the proliferation of functionally impaired B lymphocytes with abnormal expression of CD5, a typical T cell marker. The current study...

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent liver condition with potential progression to cirrhosis and impaired regeneration post-resection. A key mechanism underlying lipotoxicity is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) st...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents significant treatment challenges due to its desmoplastic reaction, which impedes therapeutic effectiveness, highlighting the need for advanced vitro models to better mimic the complex tumor environment...

Abnormalities in epidermal keratinocyte proliferation are a characteristic feature of a range of dermatological conditions. These include hyperproliferative states in psoriasis and dermatitis as well as hypoproliferative states in chronic wounds. Thi...

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are standard therapies for EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, their efficacy is inconsistent. Secondary mutations in the EGFR or other genes that lead to r...

Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy R1 (LGMDR1) is characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness due to mutations in the CAPN3 gene. Little is known about CAPN3’s function in muscle, but its loss results in aberrant sarcomere formation...

The EFR3 (Eighty-Five Requiring 3) protein and its homologs are rather poorly understood eukaryotic plasma membrane peripheral proteins. They belong to the armadillo-like family of superhelical proteins. In higher vertebrates two paralog genes, A and...

Increasing evidence has suggested that dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is crucial for pyruvate metabolism and the regulation of cell death. The excessive death of granulosa cells (GCs) hin...

Despite improved neonatal intensive care, the risk of premature-born infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) remains high. With hyperoxia being a major underlying factor, both preterm-birth-related...

Accurate DNA replication is essential for the maintenance of genome stability and the generation of healthy offspring. When DNA replication is challenged, signals accumulate at blocked replication forks that elicit a multifaceted cellular response, o...

Background: Pediatric sepsis remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Interleukin (IL)-6 is usually produced after infection, and elevated IL-6 levels may cause multisystemic damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of...

Wound-induced hair-follicle neogenesis (WIHN) is the phenomenon of regenerating new hair follicles from wounds in mammals. The WIHN involves both developmental and adult wound-healing processes. Moreover, the WIHN is regulated by a variety of factors...

Originally identified in proteomic-based studies of the Golgi, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a highly conserved protein from yeast to humans. GOLPH3 localizes to the Golgi through the interaction with phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and is requ...

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is a critical regulator of immune responses within the neuroimmune system, influencing cytokine secretion and immune cell function. Although extensively studied in mammals, its role in regulating IL-17 in in...

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) is crucial in the progression of ovarian cancer, especially in influencing its tumor microenvironment and promoting pathogenic pathways that worsen female infertility. In hypoxic settings, HIF-1α...

Cell therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) through paracrine mechanisms holds promise for regenerative purposes. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a significant complication of peritoneal dialysis. Various strategies have been proposed to prot...

To better understand adult neurogenesis, the biomolecular specificity of the subgranular zone should be investigated in comparison to other layers of the hippocampus. Adult neurogenesis occurs at a reduced rate in adulthood compared to the period of...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered an important health issue worldwide. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade through the administration of angiotensin II receptor blockers, such as Losartan (LOS), has been cons...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology characterised by vasculopathy with progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Tissue fibrosis is driven by activated fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) with exacerbated contr...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response, mediating cellular interactions with the microenvironment and influencing periodontal disease progression. This in vitro study aimed to comprehensively characterize the TLR...

The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) has been used in traditional medicine for a long time and acquired attention in the last decade as a food supplement and stimulant in physical activities. This polyhydroxylated cholesterol is found in the highest concentr...

Despite the major advancements in the repertoire for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, this disease remains a chronically progressive plasma cell malignancy. Drug resistance and high relapse rates complicate the extended treatment strategies. However,...

We have used single molecule tracking to investigate dynamics of four penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in Bacillus subtilis to shed light on their possible modes of action. We show that Pbp2a, Pbp3, Pbp4, and Pbp4a, when expressed at very low level...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The etiology of HCC has now dramatically changed from viral hepatitis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (...

This study explores the endocrine-disrupting effects of climbazole (CBZ), an environmental and lifestyle stressor, on male fertility. The impact of CBZ on sperm vitality, motility, and molecular pathways related to hormone receptors and apoptosis was...

Recent studies have demonstrated that circuit activation in vivo can regulate proliferation of lateral ventricular neural stem cells (LV NSCs), although the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, we investiga...

The neuroinflammation triggered by cellular demise plays a pivotal role in ameliorating the injury associated with ischemic stroke, which represents a significant global burden of mortality and disability. The compound SHPL-49, a derivative of rhodio...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease that damages blood vessels and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70), a family of chaperone proteins, has been recently reported as a key player in vascular reacti...

Inhibition of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) causes the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) to regulate various cell signaling pathways. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is cr...

With increasing life expectancy and an aging population, the demand for dental treatments that preserve natural teeth has grown significantly. Among these treatments, endodontic therapies for pulpitis and apical periodontitis play a vital role, not o...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons, leading to escalating muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventually paralysis. While neurons are the most visibly affected, emerging...

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the aging population. Gender studies show that aging is associated with loss of protection from AKI in the female population. While ER stress contributes to IRI-induc...

The necroptosis of granulosa cells has been proven to be one of the important triggers of follicular atresia, which is an important cause of reduced reproductive capacity in cows. The rapid growth of granulosa cells is accompanied by endoplasmic reti...

Respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continue to impose a heavy global health burden. Despite existing vaccination programs, these infections remain leading causes of morbidity...