International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 25, Issue 6

Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment approaches. Because not all patients respond positively to immune therapeutic agents, it represents a challenge for scientists who strive to understand the mechanisms behind such resistance. In-dep...

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, that mediate intercellular transfer of various biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. They modulate the functions of reci...

Obesity has been increasing worldwide and is well-known as a risk factor for cognitive decline. It has been reported that oxidative stress in the brain is deeply involved in cognitive dysfunction in rodent models. While there are many studies on oxid...

Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles presents several challenges due to the unique nature of these small membrane-bound structures. Alternative analyses could reveal outcomes hidden from standard statistics to explore and develop potential ne...

The objective of the study was to assess the expression of proteins responsible for placental lipid transport in term pregnancies complicated by well-controlled gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (PGDM). A total of 80 placental samples we...

Frequent colonization and bacterial infection of skin wounds in small animals prevent or impair their healing. However, the broadly applied antimicrobial therapy of wounds is not always necessary and promotes the spread of bacterial resistance. Thus,...

A new ibuprofen derivative, (E)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-N′-(4-oxopentan-2-ylidene) propane hydrazide (IA), was synthesized, along with its metal complexes with Co, Cu, Ni, Gd, and Sm, to investigate their anti-inflammatory efficacy and COX-2 inhib...

Members of the TaCKX gene family (GFM) encode oxidase/dehydrogenase cytokinin degrading enzymes (CKX), which play an important role in the homeostasis of phytohormones, affecting wheat development and productivity. Therefore, the objective of this in...

Spider silk has extraordinary mechanical properties, displaying high tensile strength, elasticity, and toughness. Given the high performance of natural fibers, one of the long-term goals of the silk community is to manufacture large-scale synthetic s...

Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a plasmatic protein that plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism by inhibiting the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and the endothelial lipase (EL) responsible for the hydrolysis of phospholipids on high-densit...

The early detection of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease is important for providing drug therapy and non-pharmacological management. The circulating microRNAs present in plasma are promising biomarkers of PD with dementia (PDD) due to th...

Among the many lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) that would benefit from the establishment of novel cell models, either patient-derived or genetically engineered, is mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II). Here, we present our results on the establi...

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutations poses significant challenges to diagnostic tests, as these mutations can reduce the sensitivity of commonly used RT-PCR assays. Therefore, there is a need to design diagnostic assays with multiple targets to enha...

The transcription factor is an essential factor for regulating the responses of plants to external stimuli. The WRKY protein is a superfamily of plant transcription factors involved in response to various stresses (e.g., cold, heat, salt, drought, io...

Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as in...

Melatonin is a ubiquitous regulator in plants and performs a variety of physiological roles, including resistance to abiotic stress, regulation of growth and development, and enhancement of plant immunity. Melatonin exhibits the characteristics of a...

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in primary endometrial lesions and the endocervix in patients with EC to identify noninvasive predictive fac...

The Special Issue on COVID-19 coagulopathy initiated one year ago aimed to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the changes in the coagulation status making SARS-CoV-2 infection such a tough adversary for every one of the medical specialties encou...

Mitochondria are essential organelles that generate energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Plant mitochondrial genome encodes some of the respiratory complex subunits, and these transcripts require accurate processing, including C-to-U RNA editing and...

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder that increases fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). XLH patients have an elevated risk of early-onset hypertension. The precise factors contributing to hypertension in XLH patients have yet t...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious health concern with high morbidity and high mortality worldwide. Recently, sexual dimorphism has become increasingly recognized as a factor influencing the severity of the disease. This study explores the gender...

High-grade hemorrhoids are usually recommended to receive operational treatments. However, these traditional surgeries are associated with severe postoperative pain. A procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH), a circular staple device, has been d...

The intestinal microbiota refers to the collection of microorganisms that exist in the human gut. It has been said that bacteria influence the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, as they have roles in immunomodulation, prote...

Guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) genes play key roles in plant root and pollen tube growth, phytohormone responses, and abiotic stress responses. RopGEF genes in Brassica rapa have not yet been explored. Here, GEF genes were found to be dis...

Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmitted between humans and vertebrate animals. They form the dominant group of diseases among emerging infectious diseases and represent critical threats to global health security. This dilemma is la...

Pulmonary fibrosis results from the deposition and proliferation of extracellular matrix components in the lungs. Despite being an airway disorder, pulmonary fibrosis also has notable effects on the pulmonary vasculature, with the development and sev...

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of a low-density lipoprotein-like molecule and an apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] particle. Lp(a) has been suggested to be an independent risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lp(a) plasma levels ar...

Traumatic brain injuries represent a leading cause of death and disability in the paediatric and adult populations. Moderate-to-severe injuries are associated with blood–brain barrier dysfunction, the development of cerebral oedema, and neuroin...

Breast cancer is the second leading contributor to the age-standardized mortality rate, for both sexes and all ages worldwide. In Europe and the United States, it is the second leading cause of mortality, with an incidence rate of about 2.6 million c...

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and caveolin-1 are membrane proteins that are overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and are involved in tumor growth and increase in aggressiveness. The aim of the present study is therefore to evaluate PSMA...

Next-generation sequencing is a vital tool for personalized diagnostics and therapies in cancer. Despite numerous advantages, the method depends on multiple parameters regarding the sample material, e.g., sample fixation. A panel’s ability to e...

Water is an abundant and important component of the human brain, the homeostasis of which is rigorously controlled [...]

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based efficacious modality for the replacement of renal function in end-stage kidney failure patients, but it is still under-prescribed. A major limitation is the durability of the dialytic technique. Continuous exp...

Antibody immunity is now known to play a critical role in combating mycotic infections. The identification of molecules that can elicit an antibody response against fungal pathogens is the first step in developing antibody-based therapeutic strategie...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly disabling mental disorder arising after traumatism exposure, often revealing critical and complex courses when comorbidity with bipolar disorder (BD) occurs. To search for PTSD or depression biomarker...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles released by cells into their extracellular environment [...]

Increased signs of DNA damage have been associated to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. DNA damage repair mechanisms are tightly regulated and involve different pathways depending on cell types and proliferative vs. postmitotic states. Amongst th...

The present study investigated the effect of orally administered Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) on the relationship between ocular tissue and the microbiome in a corneal injury dry eye mouse model. Specifically, 0.1% benzalkonium chlor...

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CDNSs) are complex macromolecular structures composed of individual cyclodextrins (CDs) and nanochannels created between cross-linked CD units and cross-linkers. Due to their unique structural and physicochemical prope...

Tea grey blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases that infects tea and is caused by the pathogen Pestalotiopsis theae (Sawada) Steyaert. L-theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid of the tea plant. Different concentrations of L-thean...

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a crucial structure that connects the cholinergic motor neurons to the muscle fibers and allows for muscle contraction and movement. Despite the interruption of the supraspinal pathways that occurs in spinal cord i...

Together with other abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures, salt stress is one of the most deleterious environmental factors affecting plant development and productivity, causing significant crop yield reductions. The progressive seco...

There are two generic approaches to curing any medical condition. The first one treats every patient for all the known possible causes that contribute to pathogenesis; the second one individualizes potentially curative therapy by only identifying in...

Body fluid identification plays a crucial role in criminal investigations. Because of their presence in many cases, blood and semen are the most relevant body fluids in forensic sciences. Based on antigen–antibody reactions binding unique prote...

The phrase “Let food be thy medicine…” means that food can be a form of medicine and medicine can be a form of food; in other words, that the diet we eat can have a significant impact on our health and well-being. Today, this phras...

Borna disease virus (BoDV-1) is a bornavirus that infects the central nervous systems of various animal species, including humans, and causes fatal encephalitis. BoDV-1 also establishes persistent infection in neuronal cells and causes neurobehaviora...

Effective management of glomerular kidney disease, one of the main categories of chronic kidney disease (CKD), requires accurate diagnosis, prognosis of progression, assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and, ideally, prediction of drug response. Multi...

Breast Implant-Associated-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with breast prosthetic implants and represents a diagnostic challenge. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, u...

Disuse muscle atrophy is a disease caused by restricted activity, affecting human health and animal protein quality. While extensive research on its mechanism has been studied in mammals, comparatively little is known about this process in chickens,...

Taxonomic classification using metabarcoding is a commonly used method in microbiological studies of environmental samples and during monitoring of biotechnological processes. However, it is difficult to compare results from different laboratories, d...