- Article
Optimized Spectral and Spatial Design of High-Uniformity and Energy-Efficient LED Lighting for Italian Lettuce Cultivation in Miniature Plant Factories
- Zihan Wang,
- Haitong Huang,
- Mingming Shi,
- Yuheng Xiong,
- Jiang Wang,
- Yilin Wang and
- Jun Zou
Optimizing artificial lighting in controlled-environment agriculture is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and resource efficiency. This study presents a spectral–spatial co-optimization strategy for LED lighting tailored to the physiologi...