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Vaccines
Special Issues
Frontiers in Cancer Vaccines
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Frontiers in Cancer Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 10715

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: cancer vaccines; tumor neoantigens; dendritic cells; adjuvants; antitumor responses; combinatorial strategies; tumor microenvironment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer vaccines have demonstrated various successes in clinics; they are generally considered safe and have the potential to generate antitumor immunological memories. However, their effectiveness has not been as dramatic as that observed for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. To increase the effectiveness of cancer vaccines, new approaches of vaccine preparation and delivery are needed. Different aspects of cancer vaccines that warrant more research include new preparation methods, sources of tumor antigens to use, including tumor neoantigens, selecting appropriate antigen-presenting cell population(s) as vaccine delivery vehicle, and enhancing the effectiveness of cancer vaccines with adjuvants and/or with genetic modifications. Cancer vaccines rarely succeed alone in suppressing long-term tumor growth or even eliminating tumors entirely, thus a combinatorial therapeutic regimen that includes other immunotherapies, such as CAR T cells, ICB and adoptive T cell transfer, could help to augment vaccine-primed antitumor responses. In addition, modulating the tumor microenvironment to eliminate or attenuate immunosuppressive barriers will be important for more sustained vaccine-primed antitumor immune responses.

This Special Issue of Vaccines will cover all of the topics that are relevant to cancer vaccine design and delivery.

Dr. Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cancer vaccines formulation
  • Personalized and allogenic cancer vaccines
  • Adjuvants
  • Antigen-presenting cells
  • Sources of tumor antigens
  • Tumor microenvironment
  • Combinatorial treatment regimens
  • Antitumor responses
  • Immunological memory.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 28926 KiB  
Article
Identification of HLA-A2-Restricted Mutant Epitopes from Neoantigens of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Zhiwei Wang, Ling Ran, Chunxia Chen, Ranran Shi, Yu Dong, Yubing Li, Xiuman Zhou, Yuanming Qi, Pingping Zhu, Yanfeng Gao and Yahong Wu
Vaccines 2021, 9(10), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101118 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3046
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers, has had limited effective therapeutic strategies up to now. Accumulating evidence suggests that effective immunotherapy in cancer patients has been associated with T cells responsive to mutant peptides derived from neoantigens. Here, [...] Read more.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the deadliest gastrointestinal cancers, has had limited effective therapeutic strategies up to now. Accumulating evidence suggests that effective immunotherapy in cancer patients has been associated with T cells responsive to mutant peptides derived from neoantigens. Here, we selected 35 human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted mutant (MUT) peptides stemmed from neoantigens of ESCC. Among them, seven mutant peptides had potent binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 molecules and could form a stable peptide/HLA-A*0201 complex. Three mutant peptides (TP53-R267P, NFE2L2-D13N, and PCLO-E4090Q) of those were immunogenic and could induce the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognizing mutant peptides presented on transfected cells in an HLA-A2-restricted and MUT peptide-specific manner. In addition, the CTL response in immunized HLA-A2.1/Kb transgenic (Tg) mice was enhanced by coupling MUT peptides to peptide WH, a peptide delivery carrier targeting Clec9a+ DCs. Then, the possible binding model conversions between the WT and MUT candidate peptides were analyzed by docking with the pockets of HLA-A*0201 molecule. We therefore propose a novel strategy and epitopes for immunotherapy of ESCC based on neoantigens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cancer Vaccines)
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Review

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23 pages, 1316 KiB  
Review
Prophylactic and Therapeutic EBV Vaccines: Major Scientific Obstacles, Historical Progress, and Future Direction
by Jing Cai, Bodou Zhang, Yuqi Li, Wanfang Zhu, Toshihiro Akihisa, Wei Li, Takashi Kikuchi, Wenyuan Liu, Feng Feng and Jie Zhang
Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111290 - 7 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6703
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with various malignant tumors and immune diseases, imparting a huge disease burden on the human population. Available EBV vaccines are imminent. Prophylactic vaccines can effectively prevent the spread of [...] Read more.
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with various malignant tumors and immune diseases, imparting a huge disease burden on the human population. Available EBV vaccines are imminent. Prophylactic vaccines can effectively prevent the spread of infection, whereas therapeutic vaccines mainly stimulate cell-mediated immunity and kill infected cells, thus curbing the development of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, there are still no approved EBV vaccines after decades of effort. The complexity of the EBV life cycle, the lack of appropriate animal models, and the limited reports on adjuvant selection and immune responses are gravely impeding progress in EBV vaccines. The soluble gp350 vaccine could reduce the incidence of infectious mononucleosis (IM), which seemed to offer hope, but could not prevent EBV infection. Continuous research and vaccine trials provide deep insights into the structural biology of viruses, the designs for immunogenicity, and the evolving vaccine platforms. Moreover, the new vaccine candidates are expected to achieve further success via combined immunization to elicit both a dual protection of B cells and epithelial cells, and sustainable immunization against infected cells at several phases of infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cancer Vaccines)
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