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We show how the pre-geometric MacDowell–Monsouri gravity inevitably leads to an irreversible quantum cascade mechanism for the vacuum energy density. Such a process is a consequence of the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) $SO(1,4)\to SO(1,3$...

The separated filter cell rubidium (Rb) atomic clock finds application in much of modern technology’s infrastructure due to its small size, weight and power (SWaP), its reliability and longevity, and its ability to achieve high levels of freque...

Accurate characterization and compensation of Earth–Moon reference-clock differences are important for cislunar positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) architectures. This study develops an integrated analytical framework that connects modele...

Carrier-phase precise point positioning (PPP) entered Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) time computations around 2009 and now yields sub-nanosecond time differences with ${10}^{-15}$–${10}^{-16}$ frequency stability over multi-day...

We present a pre-geometric gauge theory in which spacetime geometry and gravity emerge from spontaneous symmetry breaking and a concurrent topological phase transition. The theory is formulated on a four-dimensional manifold without presupposed metri...

Accurate time dissemination is essential for telecommunications, scientific instrumentation, industrial control, and distributed computer systems, motivating the development of cost-effective timing solutions. This work presents the design, implement...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the basic theoretical (both conceptual and technical) tenets of Mallios’s Abstract Differential Geometry (ADG), as well as to present and to summarise the main results from its applications in the last quar...

The introduction of the special and general theory of relativity had significant implications for the notion of time, especially the relativity of clock time. Many physicists and philosophers concluded that the theory also showed that time was unreal...

The complex relationship between Einstein’s second postulate and the Maxwell electromagnetic theory is elucidated. A simple deduction of the main results of the Ignatowski approach to the theory of relativity is given. The peculiar status of th...

Relating the standard deviation of time-error buildup, σ_t(T), at some time T after synchronization to a clock’s Allan deviation, σ_y(T), is problematic for several reasons. Notably, the stochastic integrals of various relevant noise...

The announcement of the KM3-230213A neutrino is generating a flood of astrophysics studies, mostly investigating its origin. We here focus on aspects of this observation that could be relevant for research programs on quantum gravity and spacetime qu...

As space systems evolve towards cis-lunar missions and beyond, the demand for precise yet low-size, -weight, and -power (SWaP) clocks and synchronization methods becomes increasingly critical. We introduce a novel clock synchronization approach based...

This paper presents a theoretical framework modeling space-time as a quantized elastic medium. This elastic model is not intended to replace general relativity, but to offer a complementary mechanical interpretation in the approximation of the weak g...

In vapor-cell atomic clocks, a buffer gas is employed to slow the collision rate of atoms with the vapor-cell’s walls, which dephases the atomic coherence and thereby contributes to the 0-0 hyperfine transition’s linewidth. However, the b...

The instabilities in time and frequency transfer systems, a form of residual noise, can contribute significantly to the total uncertainty in time or frequency comparisons. Understanding the characteristics of transfer instabilities is increasingly im...

In a purely Keplerian picture, the anomalistic, draconitic and sidereal orbital periods of a test particle orbiting a massive body coincide with each other. Such degeneracy is removed when post-Keplerian perturbing acceleration enters the equations o...

Time is an essential element in today’s world, spreading over multiple applications that range from societal activities up to those requiring the highest precision for scientific purposes [...]