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Compartmental Modelling of the Pharmacokinetics of an Efflux Transporter

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 727-728; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT12

A mathematical model has been developed describing the pharmacokinetics of Hoechst 33342 following administration into a culture medium containing a population of transfected cells (HEK293 hBCRP) with a potent inhibitor of the BCRP, Fumitremorgin C (FTC), present. [...]

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P-gp Inhibitory Potential of Phospholipids

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 726; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT11

Introduction: Oral drug administration is mainly regulated by the step of intestinal absorption. [...]

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Impact of Heat Stress on the Cellular Activity and Culturability of Probiotic Microorganisms

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 725; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT10

The essential manufacturing step of probiotic products involves dehydration of microorganisms, resulting in cellular stabilization and improved formulation and storage characteristics. [...]

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Density Functional Theory Calculations on Methylated β-Cyclodextrins

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 724; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT09

Density functional theory studies at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6- 31G(d,p) levels have been used to determine the geometries and the enthalpies of formation of several methylated β-cyclodextrins. [...]

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Interactions Of Different Sartans with the Bilayer Interface Studied by Saxs

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 723; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT08

This work presents a thorough investigation of the interaction of the novel synthetic pyrrolidinone analog MMK3 and other SARTANS (losartan, valsartan and candesartan) with the model membrane system of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). [...]

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Defining Carbohydrate Targets on Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes using RT-qPCR and LC-ESI-MS

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 722; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT07

Multiple carbohydrate structures in the chondrocyte glycocalyx can serve as targets for biorecognitive lectins. [...]

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Modern Dressings for Wound Healing

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 721; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT06

Aim: Wound healing is a complex process with many potential factors that can delay healing.
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The Stability of Salmon Calcitonin Against Trypsin, Chymotrypsin and Neutrophil Elastase in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 720; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT05

At least three enzymes (i. e., trypsin, chymotrypsin and neutrophil elastase) are responsible for the degradation of salmon calcitonin (sCT) in the human body [1]. [...]

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Natural Surfactant of Alkyl Polyglucoside Type: A Physicochemical Characterization of New Mixed Emulsifier

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 719; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT04

In the light of the current trend for natural surfactants to be used as emulsifiers [1], a physicochemical characterization of a new mixed alkyl polyglucoside (APG) emulsifier (Arahidyl&Behenyl alcohol&Arahidyl glucoside) was performed. [...]

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A Coupled Kinetic-Dynamic Model Characterising Cell Cycle Response to an Anti-Cancer Agent

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 718; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT03

Topotecan (TPT) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural extract camptothecin, which has been found to act as an inhibitor of the DNA enzyme topoisomerase I in a specific and reversible fashion. [...]

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Development of Intermediate Layer with Improved Diffusional Barrier

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 717; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT02

Delayed release dosage form development usually requires an effective intermediate layer for separation of acid liable drug and acidic gastric polymer. [...]

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The Potential of Sucrose Esters to be used as Oral Absorption Enhancers

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 716; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.POT01

Overcoming biological barriers, including the gastrointestinal epithelial barriers, is a great challenge for pharmaceutical research. [...]

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Protein Characterization in Solution by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 715; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT26

For many biomedical applications of proteins the knowledge of the threedimensional structure of proteins is of great importance. [...]

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Application of ¹⁴N NQR to the Study of Sulfanilamide, Piroxicam, and Nifedipine Polymorphism

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 714; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT25

¹⁴N NQR is a new method in pharmacy that has a potential to establish itself as an additional and valuable analytical tool for characterizing solid state of a substance [1]. [...]

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Morphologically Directed Raman Spectroscopy as a Novel Tool to Monitor Changes in Particle Size and Shape in Solid Dosage Blends and Formulations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 713; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT24

One of the key steps in the manufacturing of solid oral dosage formulations is the blending of several ingredients in powdered form which are then processed further to achieve the final dosage form. [...]

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Caffeine Nucleation Detection Using a Matrix of External Turbidity Probes: Bulk Video Imaging (BVI)

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 712; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT23

The purpose of this work is two fold: it describes the proof of concept of the newly introduced bulk video imaging (BVI) method and it presents the nucleation detection in comparison with existing process analytical technologies (PAT) such as focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and ultra violet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. [...]

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Mechanical Influences During Dissolution Testing in a Novel Peristaltic Movement Simulating Stirring Device

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 711; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT22

Mechanical stress caused by gastrointestinal motility might have a great impact on drug release from oral dosage forms. [...]

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Innovative Concepts for Personnel Locks in Clean Room Technology

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 710; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT21

Existing concepts for personnel locks in clean rooms are characterized by cost and time consuming procedures. [...]

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Application of Dynamic Neural Networks and Fuzzy Algorithms in the Modeling of Drug Release

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 709; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT20

The aim of the presented study is to propose the utilization of dynamic neural networks and fuzzy algorithms as in silico tools for prediction of drug release rate from hydrophilic and lipid matrix tablets.
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Characterization of Biomedical Surfaces by Streaming Potential Measurements

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 708; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT19

The knowledge of surface charge and the isoelectric point is important for many biomedical applications. [...]

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Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose under Catalysis by Recombinant Cellobiose Phosphorylase (CeP)

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 707; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT18

The use of enzyme-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of sugar substrates represents a more desirable approach in terms of “green chemistry”. [...]

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Multidisciplinary Approach on Characterizing Composites of Vinpocetine and Crospovidone Obtained by Solid State Activation

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 706; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT17

The poorly-soluble Vinpocetine was successfully coground with micronized crospovidone in a planetary mill, which allowed an enhancement of bioavailability through a solid-state activation. [...]

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Evaluation of Sodium Naproxen Hydrated Forms by Isoconversional Analysis

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 705; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT16

Sodium naproxen (SN) exists in an anhydrous form and in four different hydrated forms: one monohydrate (MSN), two dehydrates (DSN and CSN) and one tetrahydrate (TSN). [...]

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A Simple High-Throughput Method for Determination of Pregabalin in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using a Microplate Fluorescence Reader

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 704; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT15

Pregabalin is a structural analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid approved for treatment of neuropathic pain, as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures, and in generalized anxiety disorder. [...]

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Tailored Stationary Phases for Continuous Electro-Chromatographic Separation of APIs

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 703; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT14

Highly purified organic materials are essential in various fields, including the fine-chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry. [...]

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In Vitro-In Silico Tools to Identify Biorelevant Dissolution Specifications for the Selected Poorly-Soluble Model Drugs

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 702; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT13

Introduction: The most commonly used drug physicochemical property to access its in vivo performance is in vitro dissolution of a drug product.
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Application of Experimental Design for Screening Study of Dissolution Test Conditions: Levothyroxine Sodium Immediate-Release Tablets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 701; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT12

The aim of the study was to present an example of experimental design application to set up the dissolution test conditions for the two immediaterelease products of levothyroxine sodium (L-Na) with proven bioequivalence: the generic product A and the reference product B [1, 2]. [...]

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Quality-by-Design Based Characterization of Pharmaceutical Processes by Means of Numerical Simulations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 700; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT11

Fundamental scientific knowledge is required to develop and optimize pharmaceutical manufacturing processes that yield constantly high quality products and provide most cost efficient manufacturing strategies. [...]

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Use of Forced Degradation Studies on S-(−)-Amlodipine Besylate to Generate Information on the Degradation Products

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 699; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT10

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. [...]

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HS-SPME-GCMS Method Development for Sensitive Diisopropylphenol Analysis Suited for Adsorption/Absorption Studies and Cleaning Validations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 698; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT09

The interaction of active pharmaceutical ingredients with various surfaces and solutions are of high interest in pharmaceutical industry in particular with respect to development of new formulations, new packaging material [1] and cleaning validation of production plants [2]. [...]

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Chemical Structure Role of Cell-Membrane Hydrocarbon Chain in Interactions with Antihypertensive Drugs (SARTANs)

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 697; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT08

Stressful life style of modern human societies leads to many diseases and one of the growing indispositions related to this fact is hypertension. [...]

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Experimental and Mathematical Analysis of Hepatic Uptake

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 696; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT07

Introduction: To investigate the nonlinear kinetics of in vitro hepatic uptake the OATP substrate, Pitivastatin, was used as a probe. Experiments were conducted using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, utilising the ‘oil spin’ methodology described by Hassen et al [1]. [...]

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Kinetic Pathway Analysis of Aggregation of Therapeutic Proteins

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 695; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT06

Protein aggregation represents probably the most common and troubling manifestation of protein instability. [...]

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Pharmaceutical Powder Compaction and Dissolution Analytics by Laboratory Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (SWAXS)

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 694; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT05

We investigate the compaction behavior of the most usual pharmaceutical excipients mixture (placebo) contained lactose monohydrate (LmH), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), silicum dioxyd (SiO2) and magnesium stearate (MgSt) with combined small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS). [...]

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Evaluation of API-Distribution and Coating Thickness by NIR Spectroscopy and Raman Chemical Mapping

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 693; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT04

Spray coating is an important unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. [...]

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Qualification of NIR Spectral Imaging for the Pharmaceutical Industry

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 692; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT03

In order to fulfill the qualtity requirements introduced by regulatory authorities for pharmaceutical products, sure and adequate methods are needed for the product qualification. [...]

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The Use of Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (SWAXS) for the Physico-Chemical Characterization of Solid Dispersions

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 691; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT02

Solid dispersions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in freely water soluble carriers are often used in order to improve dissolution rate and/or solubility of poorly water soluble drugs [1] in the aqueous gastro intestinal fluids. [...]

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Lecithin Based Pseudoternary Phase Diagrams

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 690; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PPAT01

Aim: Different promising colloidal delivery systems including microemulsions and liquid crystals could be obtained with suitable combination of oil, surfactants/cosurfactants and water. [...]

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Bioavailability of Dexamethasone from Nonionic Surfactant/Chitosan Micelle System

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 689; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM19

The majority of topical ocular preparations available today are in the form of aqueous eye drops. [...]

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In Vitro Sonothrombolysis of Human Blood Clots: Preliminary Results

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 688; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM18

Ischemic stroke results from a cerebral vessel occlusion by a blood clot. Treatments are intended to restore the cerebral blood flow as soon as possible to avoid major brain damage. [...]

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Polyacrylic Acid-Protamine Nanoparticles for Scale-Up Experiments in a Microreactor

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 687; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM17

Pharmaceutical drug formulations in the nanometer scale received significant interest during the last years as they provide the possibility to stabilize drugs and to transport them directly to their target. [...]

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Protamine Based siRNA-Nanoparticles: Particle Composition Dependant Influences on RNA Interference Efficiency

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 686; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM16

The major limitations for the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vivo and in vitro are the relatively high molecular weight, the negative charge, and the susceptibility to nuclease degradation [1]. [...]

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Spray Drying as a Novel Method for Producing Nanoparticles Intended for the Application in DPI's

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 685; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM15

In order to use API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) particles in a dry powder formulation, they have to exhibit an aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm – 5 μm. [...]

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Itraconazol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) for Pulmonary Application

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 684; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM14

Introduction: Aspergillosis is a common fungal infection in falcons. Standard treatment, systemic application of Itraconazol, is limited due to hepatotoxicity. [...]

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Effects of Mixing Mode on the Formation of Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized via Aqueous Sol-Gel Process

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 683; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM13

Nanoparticles composed of silica and its derivatives are currently in use both in basic scientific research and applied enginnering development. [...]

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Distinct Trafficking of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles within Cells

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 682; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM12

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) represent rapidly growing class of colloidal transport system, particularly interesting for pharmaceutical applications [1]. [...]

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Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Ester Based Lipid Nanoparticles: Physical Stability and Crystalline Status

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM11

Formulation development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) aims physical stability in both particle size and crystalline state. [...]

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Ketoprofen Loaded Poly(D,L-lactic acid) Nanospheres for Potential Transdermal/Dermal Application: Preparation and Physical Characterization

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 680; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM10

Ketoprofen is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an excellent candidate for transdermal/dermal delivery because of its adverse side effects and short elimination half-time after oral administration [1, 2]. [...]

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The Comparison of Methods to Assess In Vitro Drug Release from Nanoparticles

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 679; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM09

In studying in vitro drug release from nanoparticles (NPs) an important issue to consider is the method that can be used to measure drug release [1]. [...]

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Permeability Studies on the Ocular Absorbance of Nanostructured Materials Across the Cornea

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 678; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM08

Introduction: The eye provides a variety of defense mechanisms, which protect the organ against numerous different substances. [...]

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Enhanced Imaging of Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE-deficient Mice using Nanotechnology

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 677; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM07

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in the western world today. [...]

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Freeze-Drying of Melatonin-Loaded Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 676; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM06

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system showing the great potential to improve the permeation of encapsulated drug across various biological barriers [1, 2]. [...]

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Fibrin Targeting with Ultrasound Active Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 675; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM05

Blood vessel diseases like antherosclerosis lead to formation of blood clots with severe consequences like acute ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction [1]. [...]

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Integrin- and IGF1-Receptor-Mediated Liposomal siRNA Delivery to Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 674; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM04

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Especially the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) shows poor prognosis when metastases have developed. [...]

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Determination of the Membrane-Buffer Partition Coefficient with Laurdan Labeled Liposomes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 673; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM03

The lipophilicity of a drug plays a key role for its distribution and accumulation in the human organism. [...]

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Influence of Carrier Particle Morphology on the Performance of Dry Powder inhalers

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 672; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.pnm02

In order to reach the deep lung API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) particles must have an aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm to 5 μm. [...]

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Liposomal PEG-Free Creams with Herbal Extracts: Stability Study

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 671; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PNM01

The propylene glycol Liquorice, Marigold and Yarrow extracts (LE, ME, YErespectively) were obtained by the repercolation method, in the plant:extract ratio 1:2. [...]

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Micro-Systems Production: A Promising New Technique with Low Energy Consumption

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 670; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS43

Nowadays, a considerable range of industrial applications (pharmaceutics, cosmetics, foods agriculture products) relies on microencapsulation of solids or liquids by polymer coating and entrapment into polymer matrices. [...]

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Optimization of Freeze Drying Process Using Isomalt as Bulking Agent

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 669; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS42

Freeze dried products form a special group of sterile medications because of the unique manufacturing process. [...]

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Continuous Flow Manufacturing for API: From Potential Evaluation to Production Scale Realization

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 668; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS41

Process performance in the synthesis of API and its intermediates can be reached through new technologies and methods. [...]

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Simulation of Mixing Processes by Means of Mesh-free Particle Approach

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 667; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS40

This paper presents results of the simulation of unsteady mixing processes using a unique, mesh-less particle approach. [...]

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Evaluation of Binding Agent’s Effect on the Compressibility of Poorly Compactable Drugs

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 666; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS39

The compression during tabletting is a complex and irreversible dynamic process and the study of it with instrumented tablet presses is beneficial for process and formulation optimization. [...]

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Multivariate Image Analysis, Histogram Matching and Statistical Process Control Chart Assisted Nucleation Detection of Pharmaceutical Crystallization processes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 665; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS38

The aim of this work is to investigate image processing and process monitoring technologies which can provide a systematic, robust and sensitive solution for nucleation detection using bulk video imaging (BVI). [...]

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Crystallization of APIs in a Continuously Seeded Tubular Crystallizer

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 664; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS37

Particle shape and size have an influence on the solubility of an API-particle and hence on the bioavailability of the substance. [...]

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Numerical Simulation of Film Formation in Tablet Coating

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 663; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS36

The application of a coating layer on a tablet is a commonly used technique to selectively control tablet characteristics. [...]

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Impact of Tablets Hardness on Dissolution Rate of Metoprolol Tartrate 100 mg Tablets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 662; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS35

Metoprolol is a cardioselective β-blocker that is classified as a class I substance according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification Scheme BCS, meaning that it is highly soluble and highly permeable. [...]

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Experimental Study of Filter Cake Cracking During Deliquoring

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 661; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS34

Shrinkage cracking during the deliquoring of compressible filter cakes by means of differential gas pressure is an undesired phenomenon of great practical importance for the pharmaceutical industry amongst others. [...]

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Oxazoline-Based Hydro-, Amphi- and Lipogels from Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 660; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS33

The group of poly(2-oxazoline)s has scarcely been considered as scaffold for hydrogels [1, 2], despite of the FDA approval for two prominent congeners, namely poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (21 CFR 175.105). [...]

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Examination of High Pressure Micro Systems by μPIV and CFD Simulations Regarding Abrasion, Particle Deposition and Stress Fields

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 659; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS32

The dispersion and emulsification in micro channels by high pressure have several characteristics which recommend these methods especially for pharmaceutical applications, e. g. the possibility to use very small educt batches, a narrow residence time distribution and a relatively accurate adjustment of the induced stresses with a good reproducibility. [...]

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Taste Masking Technology: Recent Developments and Approaches

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 658; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS31

Taste-masking technologies are important for obtaining high-patient compliance and drug therapy efficiency, since many oral-delivery drugs have unpleasant qualities such as bitterness, sourness or saltiness. [...]

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Physical Stability of Carvedilol in Solid Dispersions with Porous Silica

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 657; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8-PMS30

Adsorption onto silica-based high surface area carriers is a long known method of improvement drug dissolution rate, which has been described in early 1970s [1]. [...]

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Preparation and Evaluation of Solid Oral Lipid-Based Diazepam Preparations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 656; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS29

The study demonstrates two approaches in formulation of solid oral lipid-based diazepam preparations (BCS class II drug). [...]

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Novel Approach in Formulation of Low Soluble Drugs: Gliclazide as Model Substance

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 655; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS28

The study demonstrates two approaches in formulation of solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SSEDDS) of gliclazide (BCS class II drug). [...]

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Hyperbranched Poly(ester amides) – New Solubilization Enhancers for Poorly Water-Soluble Slimepiride

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 654; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS27

We considered poly(esteramide) hyperbranched polymers (trade names: Hybrane S1200 and Hybrane HA1690) as enhancers of glimepiride solubility and therewith associated dissolution rate. [...]

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Can Collapse Freeze Drying Provide High Density Protein Sugar Particles for Ballistic Powder Injection?

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 653; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS26

Ballistic powder injection is an emerging needle-free technology. [...]

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Impact of Different Drying Processes on the Cellular Activity of Enterococcus faecium M74

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 652; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS25

An essential step for the development of probiotic products is the stabilisation (drying) of the microorganisms. [...]

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Tracking of Physicochemical Properties in Free Films Containing an API

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 651; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS24

Coated dosage forms in which the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is incorporated in the film layer in order to achieve rapid release have become very common in recent years. [...]

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The "Drill & Fill" Method

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 650; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS23

Aim: The “Drill&Fill”-Method is a suitable method to radiolabel compact dosage forms, such as tablets, and further to investigate their comportment in the human organism. [...]

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Computer-Aided Design of Pharmaceutical Tablet Formulations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 649; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS22

The formulation of solid oral dosage forms significantly determines the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). [...]

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A modification of Pr equation for Measurement of Tablet’s Compactibility

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 648; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS21

One of several different ways to quantify the compactibility of pharmaceutical powders is the calculation of Pr [1], [...]

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Melt Granulation in Fluidised Bed: Screening of the Process Variables by Factorial Design

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 647; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS20

In recent years, the interest in melt granulation has increased due to the advantages of this technique respect to traditional wet granulation; utilizable equipments for melt granulation are high-shear mixer and fluidised bed [1]. [...]

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An Investigation into the Use of Polyox® as the Binding and Coating Agent in Fluidized-Bed Apparatus

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 646; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS19

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using Polyox® as the binding and/or coating agent for paracetamol sustained release formulation development. [...]

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Simulation of Particles with Different Coefficient of Restitution in Fluid Bed Coater

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 645; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS18

Particle coating using fluid bed technology such as Wurster chamber is a common process in pharmaceutical technology. [...]

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Large-Scale GPU Simulations of Granular Flows and Fluidized Beds: An LBM-DEM Coupling Approach

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 644; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS17

Granular flows are extremely important for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, as well as for other scientific branches dealing with granular media. [...]

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Novel Modeling Technique for Simulations of Turbulent Bubbly Flows with Coalescence and Breakup

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 643; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS16

Flows encountered in processes involving turbulent bubbly flow are highly complex, especially when the gas holdup and gas-liquid interface mobility are such that coalescence and breakup of bubbles take place. [...]

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Study of the Recrystallization in Coated Pellets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 642; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS15

Coated multiparticulate systems are increasingly popular on the market. Their manufacture in a fluid bed often requires polymer binders. [...]

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Study of the Uniformity of the Coating Thickness of Pellets Coated by Wurster and Swirl Flow Generator Equipped Coater

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 641; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS14

The problem emerging from particle coating is how to manufacture particles with just enough material deposited to achive the desired result [1]. [...]

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New Insights into the Pelletization Mechanism by Extrusion/Spheronization

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 640; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS13

Pellet manufacturing by extrusion/spheronisation is quite common in the pharmaceutical field because the obtained product is characterized by a high spericity as well as a narrow particle size distribution. [...]

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Continuous Pelletization – Effect of Process Parameters

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 639; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS12

The Leistritz Micro Pelletizer (LMP) is a tool to cut extrudates from a twin-screw extruder to a defined shape and size. [...]

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Fluidized Hot Melt Granulation: Influence of Process and Formulation Parameters

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 638; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS11

Introduction: Hot-melt granulation techniques have received increasing attention due to the significant advantages compared to the conventional granulation methods. [...]

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Role of the Surface Free Energy in the Preparation of Granules and in the Selection of a Suitable Device

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 637; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS10

In the pharmaceutical sciences, interfacial phenomena play an important role in the processing of a wide variety of formulations, such as in the blending of solid materials. [...]

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Simulation of Fluid Mixing and Dissolution Processes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 636; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS09

Fluid mixing and dissolution processes are still an area of ongoing research. Numerical simulations have proven to be a valuable tool in understanding and optimizing industrial mixing problems [1]. [...]

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Linking Rheological Key Parameters of Pharmaceutical Powders to Mixing Properties

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 635; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS08

The application of process analytical technology (PAT) has opened the possibility for continuous process monitoring and quality control in the pharmaceutical industry. [...]

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Quantitative Quasi-Simultaneous and Spatially Resolved Real-time Monitoring of Powder Mixing Processes with a Multiple NIR-Probe Setup

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 634; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS07

Diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive and widely used technology with the potential for a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, ranging from raw material identification to final product qualification. [...]

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Simulation Studies for the Effects of Particle Size and Blade Rake Angle on Particle Mixing

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 633; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS06

Solid particle mixing is an important unit operation in process industry. [...]

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Assessment of Powder Mixing using Positron Emission Tomography and Particle Tracking

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 632; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS05

Efficient and effective powder mixing is an essential part of pharmaceutical manufacture. [...]

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Heterogeneous Hydrogenations in Continuous Flow

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 631; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS04

Catalytic heterogeneous hydrogenation processes arguably belong to the most valuable synthetic transformations known. [...]

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Continuous Flow Chemistry under High-Temperature / High-Pressure Conditions

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 630; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS03

Continous flow processing is a key enabling technology when it comes to scaleup microwave synthesis protocols to production scale quantities [1, 2]. [...]

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A Microreactor Strategy for the Synthesis of Tetrazoles

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 629; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS02

The broad application of the tetrazole scaffold in different fields, such as general and coordination chemistry, material science, microbiological and medicinal chemistry in recent years demands robust and safe methods for their preparation on production scale. [...]

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Continuous API Synthesis using Heterogeneous Catalysis

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 628; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PMS01

The pharmaceutical industry currently experiences a trend towards continuous manufacturing as there are many advantages, including better control of process conditions, effectively eliminating batch-to-batch variability, and the lack of scale-up problems, since even bench-top continuous systems can produce the desired quantities required in the pharmaceutical or fine-chemicals industry. [...]

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Influence of Adjuvances on the Drug Release from Hydrogels

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 627; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD38

The drugs in a dosage form is rarely alone. Usually the dosage form is a system of several adjuvances and these more or less influence physico-chemical properties and the drug effect. [...]

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Influence of Concentration of Selected Cationic Surfactants on Drug Liberation

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 626; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD37

Drug liberation-release from the dosage form is a primary cause of the movement of a drug in the body. [...]

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Modelling Swelling, Erosion and Release of Drug from Hydrogel Based Solid Matrices

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 625; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD36

The drug release from solid matrices systems, made of polymes and drugs, is a basic concept for studies on controlled drug release. [...]

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Characterization of Antifungal Nail Lacquer Formulations Containing Fluconazole

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 624; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD35

Onychomycoses, fungal nail infections, are responsible for 50% of all nail disorders affecting up to 18% of general population in some countries [1]. [...]

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Electrostatic Charge on Pharmaceutical Powders for Pulmonary Application

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 623; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD34

Pharmaceutical powders intended to target the deeper regions of the lung have to consist of particles with aerodynamic diameters in the range of 0.5 μm - 5 μm. [...]

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Spontaneous Formation of Theophylline–Nicotinamide Cocrystals

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 622; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD33

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in cocrystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients. [...]

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Case by Case Physicochemical and In Vitro/ In Vivo Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Alkyl Polyglucoside-Based Vehicles: Ketoprofen as a Model Drug

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 621; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD32

Both the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the vehicle physicochemical characteristics are retained to be the main features responsible for favorable topical bioavailability. [...]

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Intra-Articular Drug Delivery Systems for Osteoarthritis Treatment

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 620; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD31

Cartilage lesions observed in osteoarthritis (OA) are related to an important release of cytokines. [...]

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Membrane-Mediated Effects of General Anesthetics on Ion Channels

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 619; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD30

General anesthetic drugs were introduced more than 160 years ago and are indispensable in daily surgery at hospitals. [...]

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Effect of Polymer Charge on Permeability of Urinary Bladder Wall

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 618; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD29

The scope of the present work was to establish the role of the polymer charge on its ability to enhance the permeability of the urinary bladder wall. [...]

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Design and Characterization of Polymeric Blends for Biomedical Applications

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD28

In biomedical applications, it should be useful to have a system easy to administrate (the best would be a liquid injectable form), with structural properties in physiological conditions (the best would be a soft gel), able to resist to external stimulus (such us the erosion from body fluids, in this case the surface should be a hard gel). [...]

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Gastro-Intestinal Lymphatic Absorption of Sylibum Marianum Formulated in Self-Emulsifying Pellets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 616; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD27

The objective of this study was to develop solid self-emulsifying pellets to deliver the poorly bioavailable Milk Thistle extract (Silybum Marianum) [1]. [...]

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Development of Micropellets for Buccal Drug Delivery

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 615; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD26

Introduction: Pellets are an attractive dosage form in the gender specific and pediatric therapy, since they offer the possibility of patient adapted dosing. [...]

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Influence of Caloric Value of Food on Gastric Emptying of Pellets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 614; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD25

Administration of pellets in fed stomach state can prolong the gastric emptying of pellets in comparison to the administration under fasting conditions [1]. [...]

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Formulation Development of Immediate Release Tablets Containing Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic by use of Experimental Design

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 613; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD24

The aim of this research is to prepare Moxifloxacin hydrochloride immediate release tablets by wet granulation using experimental design technique. [...]

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Release of Theophylline from Sustained Release Cylindrical Dosage Forms

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 612; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD23

The holt-melt extrusion technique has proven to be an advantageous method for preparation of solid dosage forms. [...]

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In Vitro Evaluation of Extended Release HPMC Matrix Tablets and Correlation with In Vivo Data

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 611; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD22

Due to complexity and interplay of variable gastrointestinal conditions with matrix tablets which are predominantly erosion controlled it is often difficult to predict in vivo release profile [1]. [...]

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Influence of Dissolution Media Composition on Cefaclor Release form Capsules

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 610; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD21

In vitro dissolution testing serves as an important tool for drug manufacturing process control and quality assurance. [...]

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In Vitro Release of Indomethacin and Hydrocortisone from Suspensions and Self-Emulsifying Oils

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 609; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD20

Many drug substances exhibit low solubility in water, which results in their poor bioavailability. [...]

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Impact of Particles Size Distribution on Diazepam 5mg Tablets Dissolution

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 608; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD19

Diazepam is one of most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines. [...]

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Dissolution Rate of Microencapsulated Active Substances

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 607; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD18

In modern pharmaceutical technology a number of methods offer themselves to enhancement of dissolution and rate of dissolution. [...]

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Solubilization of Drugs by Aqueous Lecithin Dispersions Intended for Parenteral Use

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 606; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD17

Egg lecithin is a complex mixture of phosphatides that consists mainly of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, combined with various amounts of other substances such as triglycerides and fatty acids [1]. [...]

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Furosemide-Loaded Microcapsules: The Influence of Lactose Content on Encapsulation Efficiency and Drug Release

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 605; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD16

In recent years there has been increasing attention given to the utility of selfmicroemulsifying systems (SMES) for improving the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs with inadequate biopharmaceutical properties. [...]

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Microparticles Based on Low Melting Hydrophilic Polymers Prepared by Spray Drying

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 604; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD15

The enhancement of dissolution rate is one of the most commonly used approaches to improve the bioavailability of drugs, since for a great extent of new drug substances their absorption is limited with their dissolution rate. [...]

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Probing the Surface Properties of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Atomic Force Microscopy

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 603; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD14

Development of drug delivery systems is an indispensable strategy for successful transport of drug to its therapeutic site by the appropriate choice of carrier and route. [...]

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Study of Formulation Factors Influencing Phenytoin Release Rate from Alginate–Chitosan Microparticles using an Experimental Design Approach

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 602; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD13

Alginate-based microparticles have been widely investigated for applications like enzyme immobilization, immunoisolation in cell transplantation and drug release systems. [...]

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In Vitro Release Behavior of Naproxen in Alginate–Chitosan Microparticles as Oral Drug Delivery Systems

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 601; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD12

Due to its topical irritant effect on gastric mucosa naproxen is an ideal candidate for encapsulation in pH sensitive drug delivery systems such as alginate– chitosan microparticles. [...]

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A New Microemulsion for the Transdermal Delivery of Quercetin

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 600; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD11

Quercetin is a flavonol with antioxidant properties, exhibiting poor water solubility and transdermal permeation ability. [...]

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The Study of Flowing Properties of Hydrogels

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 599; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD10

The topic of this article was to monitor the impact of excipients on viscosity of gels with local anaesthetic. [...]

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Gel Emulsions as Controlled Drug Delivery Systems

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 598; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD09

Gel emulsions represent special drug delivery systems. Up to present only some authors dealt with the formation and properties of these systems, although the gel emulsions assurance interesting and useful possibility as controlled drug delivers systems [1–4]. [...]

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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Drug Release from Semisolid Dosage Forms

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 597; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD08

Semisolid products are 8–10% of dosage forms, but – in contrast with the solid dosage forms – we do not have any validated method for their drug release in any Pharmacopoeia. [...]

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In Vitro Characterisation of Vancomycin Loaded Glyceryl Monooleate-Water Liquid Crystalline Gel/Implants for Ocular Application

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 596; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD07

In the present investigation, vancomycin was incorporated in liquid crystalline gel made of glyceryl monooleate and water, with the aim to achieve a sustained-release and to deliver locally sufficient concentrations of vancomycin to the eye, improving its efficacy against bacterial infections [1–3]. [...]

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Nanostructured Dispersions as Delivery Systems

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 595; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD06

Unsaturated Monoglycerides (or Phytantriol) dispersed in water form particles having a cubic nanostructure over a broad temperature range. [...]

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Human Growth Hormone – Insights into its Aggregation Behavior using Denaturation Pathway Characterization

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 594; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD05

Protein denaturation processes involving aggregation are among the prime factors impeding the development of stable protein drug formulations. [...]

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Stabilization of Human Growth Hormone Against Deamidation by Interaction with Strongly Basic Protamines from Salmon

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 593; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD04

Deamidation of proteins is probably one of the most common chemical degradation pathways in protein pharmaceuticals. [...]

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Preparation of Recombinant Human Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases and Study of their Inhibitors

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 592; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD03

Androgens and estrogens increase the number of cell division and the opportunity for random genetic errors and are thus involved in carcinogenesis of hormone related cancers. [...]

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Quantifying nuclear import of lipoplex-deliveredpDNA in A10 and MDCK cells

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 591; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD02

Cationic lipids spontaneously bind, condense and coat DNA resulting in the formation of lipid/DNA complexes, so-called lipoplexes [1]. [...]

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Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin with DNA-Bases

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 590; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.PDD01

Complexes of β-cylodextrin with five nucleotides of adenine (A), thymine (T) guanine (G), cytosine (C), and 5-methylcytosine have been investigated using Hatree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of different quality. [...]

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Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 589; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPM02

The pharmaceutical industry uses million of animals for in-vivo studies to discover or to develop novel pharmaceutics. [...]

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Iterative Method for Constructing Dosing Regimes for Controlling HIV Dynamics

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 588; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPM01

A pharmacokinetic (PK) model describes the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a pharmaceutical, thus providing, once properly validated, quantitative predictions of the consequences of various dosing regimens. [...]

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Evaluation of Micro Fluidic High Pressure Dispersion/Emulsification for SLN Production

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 587; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT07

To establish a micro fluidic system that covers the whole production process of drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles especially high pressure emulsification and dispersion processes must be taken into account. [...]

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Spatial Filtering Technique as Powerful Tool for Real-Time Particle Size Measurement for Fluid Bed Applications in Pharmaceutical Industry

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 586; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT06

The control of particulate processes and their understanding can be improved by modern measuring techniques. [...]

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Pharmaceutical Hot Melt Extrusion

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 585; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT05

Hot Melt Extrusion, proven state-of-the-art technology in the field of plastics, is becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry. [...]

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Effect of Inert Core Material on the Processability and Quality Characteristics of Coated Pellets

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 584; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT04

Coated pellets offer several advantages related to safety and effectiveness of the medicinal product such as reproducibility of gastric emptying and of absorption, and predictable plasma levels with lower probability of dose dumping due to modified release [1,2]. [...]

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Development of Modified Release Pellets via Dry Powder Coating

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 583; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT03

Dry powder coating is a relatively new technique to coat substrates without the use of any organic solvent or water. [...]

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Do the Characteristics of Xanthan Single Molecule Reflect the Behavior of Matrix Tablets?

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 582; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT02

Introduction: Xanthan (XAN) is a well known negatively charged biopolymer that adopts different conformations in media, which are still poorly understood. [...]
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Quantitative Design of Continuous Mixing Processes for Pharmaceutical Applications

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 581; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPPT01

Powder mixing is crucial for many processing stages within the pharmaceutical, catalysis, food, cement, and mineral industries, to name a few. [...]
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European Center for Nanotoxicology – Nanoscale Materials: A New Challenge for Toxicology

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 580; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT06

Introduction: Nanotechnologies and Nanomedicine are promising fields of scientific research. [...]
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A Model for Studying Nasal Drug Delivery: RPMI 2650 Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Line

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 579; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT05

Studies on nasal epithelial models are important to develop vehicles for systemic nasal drug delivery, and also for targeting drugs to brain via the nasal route. [...]
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Transport Studies of Nanostructured Materials across the Buccal Mucosa

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 578; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT04

Introduction: The oral cavity acts as a complex barrier and displays the first main hindrance against uncontrolled uptake of a variety of substances. [...]
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Does Continuous Exposure to ZnO and TiO₂ NPs Cause any Changes in Keratinocytes?

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 577; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT03

Many current dermatological preparations, sunscreens and other cosmetics, contain nanosized particles (NPs), which were observed to be rapidly internalized by keratinocytes [1]. [...]
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Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Praziquantel Delivery: Particle Size Characterization and Cell Toxicity Assessment

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 576; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT02

Praziquantel (PZQ) is a drug active against all species of Schistosoma and it is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis [1]. [...]
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Important Parameters in Cytotoxicity Testing of Nanoparticles

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 575; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNT01

Background: The use of nano-sized materials (NMs) offers exciting new options in technical and medical applications. Adverse effects on cells and organs, however, [...]
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A Contribution to the Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Tablet Analysis: Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Case Study

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 574; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPAT03

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and nondestructive analytical method. [...]
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Real-Time Monitoring of Powder Mixing Dynamics with Spectroscopic PAT-Tools

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 573; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPAT02

The aim of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is to gain deeper insight in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, [...]
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Real Time Measurement of Particle Size as a Response to the FDA's PAT Regulatory Framework

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 572; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPAT01

The availability and use of appropriate Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is fundamental to achieving the transformed style of pharmaceutical manufacture that is envisaged by the regulators. [...]
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Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Formulation of Micro- and Nanocrystals Containing Poorly Watersoluble Meloxicam

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 571; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNM03

Specially engineered drug particles can solve solubility and formulation problems, [...]
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Determination of the structure of a new nanoscaled ultrasound contrast agent

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 570; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNM02

Ultrasound active liposomes currently have gained a lot of interest as therapeutic agents for targeted drug delivery. [...]

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Magnetoliposomes: Liposomal Contrast Agents

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 569; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LNM01

Magnetoliposomes (MLs) are phospholipid vesicles encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles utilised as contrast agents for targeted molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). [...]

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Numerical Simulation of Drop Impact on Wetted and Dry Surfaces

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 568; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES07

The impact of liquid drops on wetted and dry surfaces is a complex two-phase flow phenomenon with high technical relevance especially in surface coating. [...]

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Combined Numerical Method for Multi-Scale Analysis of Tablet Coating Processes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 567; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES06

In the pharmaceutical industry spray coating is a frequently used method to apply a film layer on the surface of tablets or pellets. [...]

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Optimal Particle Size Distribution Control in a Pharmaceuticals Batch Dryer Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Pattern Search Optimization Strategy

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES05

This contribution describes the dynamic optimization of a pharmaceuticals batch dryer. [...]

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Computational Fluid Dynamics, Sophisticated Marketing Tool or Reliable Method for Pharma- and Biotech Processes

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 565; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES04

Numerical methods such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are considered to be well established technologies in industrial design and engineering. [...]

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LBM Simulation of Pharmaceutical Particles in Laminar Air Flows

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 564; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES03

Porous particles are present in various technical applications as well as in the field of medical treatment. [...]

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Measuring the Mixing Rate in Bladed Mixers

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 563; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES02

Granular flows are of paramount importance in industry and nature. [...]

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The Potential of Continuous Processing in Secondary Manufacturing

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 562; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LPES01

Pharmaceutical secondary manufacturing has long stood in stark contrast to the drug discovery end of the business, as well as to other sectors, when it comes to innovation such as continuous manufacturing. [...]

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Optimization of Cationic SLN for Gene Delivery

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 561; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD07

Cationic SLN formulations were developed and optimized in terms of cationic lipid/surfactant ratio and production parameters. [...]

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Delivering of Resveratrol with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Improved Mitochondria Activity

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 560; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD06

Skin is main target for UV-oxidative stress and their antioxidant defenses can be quickly overcome. [...]

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Targeted PLGA-Microparticles as a Novel Concept for Treatment of Lactose Intolerance

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 559; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD05

Background: Lactose intolerance is the inability to metabolize lactose because of the absence of the enzyme lactase. It is estimated that 75–90% of birth lactase levels are lost by most people after weaning. [...]

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New Hierarchically Organized Systems for Delivery

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 558; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD04

Monoglycerides, Phytantriol and a few other lipophilic molecules self-assemble in bulk in presence of water to form well defined liquid crystalline phases. [...]

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Microcarriers for Controlled Local Delivery of Mupirocin: Preparation and Characterisation

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 557; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD03

Mupirocin-loaded microparticles (MP) were designed to control drug release at the skin surface assuring that drug remains localized at the application site and does not unnecessarily enter into the systemic circulation [1]. [...]

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Non-Invasive Oligonucleotide Delivery System Based on a Thiolated Polymer: Development and In Vitro Evaluation

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 556; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD02

It was the purpose of this study to develop an oral oligonucleotide delivery system based on thiolated polymer/ reduced glutathione (GSH) system providing protective effect towards nucleases, permeation enhancement and controlled drug release. [...]

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Development of Probiotic Formulations Containing Shellac

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 555; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.LDD01

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to provide specific health benefits when consumed as food supplements or as food components. [...]

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Geriatric Therapeutic Care – A Story to Tell about my Grand-Parents

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 554; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L14

The dramatic changes in the demographics will increase the number of elderly people from today’s 10 % to 20% of the population in 2050, which is considered of one of the biggest challenge for our society. [...]

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Translational Medicine: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenetic Aspects of Personalized Pharmacotherapy

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 553; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L13

Variability among individuals that affects clinical outcome is still one of the major challenges in drug development and in the practice of medicine. [...]

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Melt Granulation as a Modern Technological Procedure

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 552; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L12

The majority of active agents used in medicinal therapy belong to category BCS II, which means that they have poor dissolution and good absorption properties, thus their absorption can be controlled and promoted first of all with various formulation technologies. [...]

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What do we Know about Tablet Coating Uniformity?

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 551; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L11

Coating of tablets is an important way to design properties of the final dosage form. [...]

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Spectroscopic Investigations of Drug Substances and Drug Formulations

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 550; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L10

Different solid state characterization techniques have been widely used to gain a better understanding of the physical solid state characteristics of drug substances and drug formulations. [...]

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Process Analytical Technology Enabling Continuous Drug Product Manufacturing

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 549; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L09

Continuous processing offers many advantages in pharmaceutical manufacturing. [...]

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A 3D model of the epithelial airway barrier to study uptake, cell responses and intracellular distribution of nanoparticles

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 548; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L08

Understanding the intracellular localisation of biomedical nanoparticles (NPs), such as their co-localisation within cellular organells, e. g. endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria or nuclei, or, alternatively free in the cytosol, can provide essential information in regard to the potential toxicity of NPs. [...]

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Toxicokinetics of Insoluble Nanoparticles in Rodents after Different Routes of Administration

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L07

Nanoparticles (NP) are increasingly used in a wide range of applications in science, technology and medicine. [...]

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Nanoparticles for Cell Specific Drug Delivery

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 546; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L06

Nanoparticles represent useful drug delivery systems for the specific transport of drugs to target cells and tissues. [...]

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Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery across Epithelial Barriers: Intestines, Skin and Lungs

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 545; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L05

Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Morbus Crohn or Colitis Ulcerosa, are painful for the patient and moreover difficult to treat due to the increased mucus production and the occurrence of diarrhea. [...]

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Chemical Swarm Robots: Design, Synthesis and Functionality

Sci. Pharm. 2010, 78(3), 544; https://doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.cespt.8.L04

Most currently produced pharmaceutical formulations are based on a single molecular entity – the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – that is synthesised in a dedicated (bio)chemical plant and then has to be stable throughout the supply chain all the way to the patient. [...]

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