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New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials
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New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 12449

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Haichang Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
Interests: nanocomposite materials and their applications; nanoenergy; organic field-effect transistors; perovskite solar cells; organic synthesis; coating
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maning Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
Interests: nanoenergy; perovskite solar cells; conjugated materials; organic solar cells; organic synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, extensive research efforts have been made to develop novel π-conjugated materials, and to use them in various electronic applications, such as solar cells, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), coatings and so on. These materials offer many technological advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as solution processability, low fabrication cost, foldability, and easy conformation onto non-flat surfaces.

To obtain high-performance materials, molecular design concept is critical. Optical and electrochemical properties, solubility, and charge transfer ability can all be easily controlled through adjusting molecular chemical structures. This Special Issue covers these topics and focuses on the “New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials”.

Dr. Haichang Zhang
Dr. Maning Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • conjugated materials
  • organic field-effect transistors
  • OPV
  • applications
  • electronics
  • relationship between structures and properties
  • OLED
  • synthesis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 165 KiB  
Editorial
New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials
by Chuanqi Miao, Xiu Yu and Haichang Zhang
Materials 2023, 16(18), 6074; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186074 - 5 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1165
Abstract
Recently, extensive research efforts have been made to develop novel π-conjugated materials for use in various electronic applications, such as solar cells, organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic phototransistors (OPTs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), coatings, etc [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials)

Research

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12 pages, 4446 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Performance of Organic Phototransistors Based on Oriented Floating Films of P3HT Assisted by Al-Island Deposition
by Tejswini K. Lahane, Shubham Sharma, Moulika Desu, Yoshito Ando, Shyam S. Pandey and Vipul Singh
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155249 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
The fabrication of high-performance Organic Phototransistors (OPTs) by depositing Al-islands atop Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin film coated using the unidirectional floating-film transfer method (UFTM) has been realized. Further, the effect of Al-island thickness on the OPTs’ performance has been intensively investigated using X-ray photoelectron [...] Read more.
The fabrication of high-performance Organic Phototransistors (OPTs) by depositing Al-islands atop Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin film coated using the unidirectional floating-film transfer method (UFTM) has been realized. Further, the effect of Al-island thickness on the OPTs’ performance has been intensively investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Atomic force microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. Under the optimized conditions, OPTs’ mobility and on–off ratio were found to be 2 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 3 × 104, respectively. Further, the device exhibited high photosensitivity of 105, responsivity of 339 A/W, detectivity of 3 × 1014 Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 7.8 × 103% when illuminated with a 525 nm LED laser (0.3 mW/cm2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials)
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10 pages, 3480 KiB  
Article
Derivatives of Pyridazine with Phenoxazine and 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine Donor Moieties Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
by Levani Skhirtladze, Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi, Rasa Keruckienė, Lukas Dvylys, Malek Mahmoudi, Linas Labanauskas, Azhar Ariffin and Juozas V. Grazulevicius
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031294 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2282
Abstract
Two compounds based on pyridazine as the acceptor core and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine or phenoxazine donor moieties were designed and synthesized by Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. The electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, [...] Read more.
Two compounds based on pyridazine as the acceptor core and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine or phenoxazine donor moieties were designed and synthesized by Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. The electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds are characterized by high thermal stabilities. Their 5% weight loss temperatures are 314 and 336 °C. Complete weight loss of both pyridazine-based compounds was detected by TGA, indicating sublimation. The derivative of pyridazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine is capable of glass formation. Its glass transition temperature is 80 °C. The geometries and electronic characteristics of the compounds were substantiated using density functional theory (DFT). The compounds exhibited emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state manifested by positive solvatochromism. The emission in the range of 534–609 nm of the toluene solutions of the compounds is thermally activated delayed fluorescence with lifetimes of 93 and 143 ns, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials)
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Review

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17 pages, 2966 KiB  
Review
Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review
by Yang Zhou, Keke Zhang, Zhaoyang Chen and Haichang Zhang
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206645 - 11 Oct 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2602
Abstract
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off [...] Read more.
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance μ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor–acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals’ level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials)
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31 pages, 7067 KiB  
Review
Recent Research Progress in Indophenine-Based-Functional Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Applications
by Shiwei Ren and Abderrahim Yassar
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2474; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062474 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3176
Abstract
This review highlights selected examples, published in the last three to four years, of recent advance in the design, synthesis, properties, and device performance of quinoidal π-conjugated materials. A particular emphasis is placed on emerging materials, such as indophenine dyes that have the [...] Read more.
This review highlights selected examples, published in the last three to four years, of recent advance in the design, synthesis, properties, and device performance of quinoidal π-conjugated materials. A particular emphasis is placed on emerging materials, such as indophenine dyes that have the potential to enable high-performance devices. We specifically discuss the recent advances and design guidelines of π-conjugated quinoidal molecules from a chemical standpoint. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first compilation of literature on indophenine-based semiconducting materials covering their scope, limitations, and applications. In the first section, we briefly introduce some of the organic electronic devices that are the basic building blocks for certain applications involving organic semiconductors (OSCs). We introduce the definition of key performance parameters of three organic devices: organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic thermoelectric generators (TE). In section two, we review recent progress towards the synthesis of quinoidal semiconducting materials. Our focus will be on indophenine family that has never been reviewed. We discuss the relationship between structural properties and energy levels in this family of molecules. The last section reports the effect of structural modifications on the performance of devices: OFET, OPV and TE. In this review, we provide a general insight into the association between the molecular structure and electronic properties in quinoidal materials, encompassing both small molecules and polymers. We also believe that this review offers benefits to the organic electronics and photovoltaic communities, by shedding light on current trends in the synthesis and progression of promising novel building blocks. This can provide guidance for synthesizing new generations of quinoidal or diradical materials with tunable optoelectronic properties and more outstanding charge carrier mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in π-Conjugated Materials)
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