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Bioactivity and Mechanistic Insights of Plant-Derived Chemical Compounds

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2901

Editor


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Guest Editor
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Oujda 60000, Morocco
Interests: phytochemistry; physiology; ethnopharmacology; herbal medecine; pharmacognosy; aromatic and medicinal plants; antioxidation; antidiabetic; cardioprotective; hepatoprotection; nephroprotection

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

As Guest Editors, we are pleased to announce the creation of this Special Issue, entitled “Bioactivity and Mechanistic Insights of Plant-Derived Chemical Compounds”, which aims to highlight recent advances in the discovery, characterization, and mechanistic understanding of bioactive chemical compounds derived from plants and their relevance to human health and disease management.

Medicinal and aromatic plants represent an invaluable source of structurally diverse chemical entities with significant biological activities. Plant-derived compounds—including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and other secondary metabolites—have demonstrated promising pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities. However, translating these bioactivities into therapeutic applications requires a deep understanding of their molecular targets, signaling pathways, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles.

This Special Issue focuses on the mechanistic insights supporting the biological effects of plant-derived chemical compounds, integrating experimental, analytical, computational, and translational approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on studies that elucidate mechanisms of action, structure–activity relationships, synergistic effects, and interactions with biological systems at the molecular and cellular levels.

We invite the submission of original research articles and high-quality reviews from researchers in pharmacology, natural product chemistry, phytochemistry, molecular biology, toxicology, biotechnology, and related disciplines. Contributions addressing innovative methodologies and interdisciplinary perspectives are especially encouraged.

The scope of the Special Issue includes, but is not limited to:

  • Isolation, identification, and structural characterization of plant-derived chemical compounds;
  • Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms of action;
  • Target identification, signaling pathways, and enzyme inhibition studies;
  • In vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches (including molecular docking and modeling);
  • Bioavailability, metabolism, toxicity, and safety assessment;
  • Synergistic effects and phytochemical combinations;
  • Ethnopharmacological relevance and validation of traditional uses;
  • Role of plant-derived compounds in chronic and metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegeneration;
  • Advances in analytical techniques, metabolomics, and omics-based approaches;
  • Translational potential and challenges in drug development from plant sources.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for advancing knowledge on plant-derived chemical compounds, fostering innovation, and supporting their rational development into safe and effective therapeutic agents.

Dr. Mohammed Dalli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant-derived compounds
  • bioactivity
  • mechanism of action
  • phytochemicals
  • pharmacology
  • natural products
  • molecular targets
  • ethnopharmacology
  • drug discovery
  • translational research

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4027 KB  
Article
Fermentation-Derived 6-Shogaol from Zingiber officinale Rhizome Extract Inhibits Periodontal Biofilm Formation via Modulation of Quorum Sensing-Related Gene Expression
by Aimin Li, Masafumi Noda, Ikue Hayashi, Narandalai Danshiitsoodol and Masanori Sugiyama
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(13), 6013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27136013 - 4 Jul 2026
Viewed by 392
Abstract
Microbial fermentation of plant-derived materials is increasingly recognized as a strategy to enhance biological activity through phytochemical bioconversion. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effects of fermented Zingiber officinale rhizome extract against major periodontal pathogens and examined the underlying mechanisms. Ginger extract [...] Read more.
Microbial fermentation of plant-derived materials is increasingly recognized as a strategy to enhance biological activity through phytochemical bioconversion. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effects of fermented Zingiber officinale rhizome extract against major periodontal pathogens and examined the underlying mechanisms. Ginger extract fermented with plant-derived lactic acid bacteria showed significantly greater inhibition of biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans than non-fermented extract. The inhibitory activity increased with fermentation time, resulting in approximately 60–70% reduction in biofilm formation at higher concentrations. Chromatographic analysis revealed decreased 6-gingerol and increased 6-shogaol levels after fermentation, suggesting bioconversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol. Direct treatment with 6-shogaol inhibited biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner in all tested pathogens. Quantitative PCR analysis further showed that 6-shogaol significantly downregulated the quorum sensing-related gene luxS and multiple adhesion- and virulence-associated genes, including flp, fimA, mfa1, radD, fadA, ltxA, and rgpB. These findings indicate that lactic acid bacterial fermentation enhances the antibiofilm activity of ginger extract through increased 6-shogaol production, highlighting its potential as a natural anti-biofilm and anti-virulence agent for periodontal disease prevention and management. Full article
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Review

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39 pages, 6834 KB  
Review
Spent Coffee Ground Extracts: A Sustainable Source of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Bioactives for Managing Lifestyle-Related Chronic Diseases
by Alifah Hasna, Belinda Anasthasya Tansy, Armansyah Maulana Harahap, Maulana Bagus Adi Cahyono, Edwin Hadinata, Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata, Fahrul Nurkolis, Lucia De Luca, Giulia Basile, Raffaele Romano and Antonello Santini
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(11), 4980; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27114980 - 30 May 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 874
Abstract
This review aims to comprehensively examine spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a sustainable source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactives, with a specific focus on their capacity to modulate membrane-level signaling through ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the context of lifestyle-related chronic [...] Read more.
This review aims to comprehensively examine spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a sustainable source of antioxidant and immunomodulatory bioactives, with a specific focus on their capacity to modulate membrane-level signaling through ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the context of lifestyle-related chronic diseases. SCGs, the major solid by-product of coffee brewing, represent an underutilized yet highly abundant source of bioactive compounds, including chlorogenic acids, phenolic acids, melanoidins, diterpenes, and residual alkaloids. Lifestyle-related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and chronic inflammatory disorders, are increasingly recognized as immunometabolic conditions driven by persistent low-grade inflammation, redox imbalance, and dysregulated membrane signaling. This review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating that bioactives contained in SCG extracts exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects that extend beyond radical scavenging. Crucially, these compounds also act as modulators of membrane-level signaling, representing a mechanistic perspective that has not been previously integrated for SCGs in the context of chronic disease. The different extraction methodologies and the obtained results are evaluated with the aim to identify the most effective experimental approach and extraction conditions. The paper also discusses how SCG compounds regulate redox-sensitive ion channels (including calcium channels, TRP channels, and potassium channels), and key GPCR pathways (such as GPR120, GPR43, and adenosine receptors), thereby influencing immune cell activation, cytokine production, insulin signaling, and metabolic inflammation. Particular attention is given to the role of microbial fermentation and enzymatic processing in enhancing SCG bioavailability, generating postbiotic metabolites that further engage GPCR–ion channel crosstalk. By integrating extraction approaches, antioxidant chemistry, immunology, membrane signaling, and nutritional metabolism, this review positions SCG as a sustainable functional ingredient capable of restoring immune tolerance and metabolic homeostasis. These insights support the valorization of SCGs within the circular economy framework and highlight their potential application in next-generation immunonutrition strategies for chronic disease prevention and management. Full article
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