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Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2026) | Viewed by 1763

Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: anatomy; histology; new cancer drugs; neurodegenerative diseases; multiple sclerosis
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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of etiology unknown and is characterized by inflammatory and demyelination processes. This inflammatory and autoimmune pathology provokes neurodegeneration in young adults, and has a higher prevalence in women than in men. The first symptoms can be ignored because they can be resolved without conspicuous disability; this aspect of the pathology typically leads to the underestimation of the disease’s prevalence. The handicap of this neurodegenerative disease is paired to its evolution, and most patients start with the “Relapsing Remitting” form, which makes this pathology an intermittently silent disease. Thus, the handicap increases when the disease evolves and depending on the stage of the pathology. Therefore, the handicap will be more or less reduced at the beginning and, unfortunately, disability will increase over time. Furthermore, the pathology evolves from the “Relapsing Remitting” form with onset being spaced out over time to the “Secondary Progressive” forms, in which the patient worsens throughout the process. Multiple Sclerosis has no cure to date, but there are several drugs available for treatment. Most of them are still focused on “Relapsing Remitting” forms, and scarce drugs are available for “Secondary Progressive” forms. In addition, more effort must be dedicated to the early detection of the pathology, the transition from RRMS to SPMS, and the better follow-up of patients. Consequently, it should be a priority nowadays to focus more efforts into the early detection of the pathology and drugs that can delay or inhibit the evolution from RRMS to SPMS, decreasing disability and increasing quality of life.

Therefore, in this Special Issue, we welcome original research, brief research reports, systematic reviews, and reviews; we would like to present the latest advances in MS therapies and diagnostic tools, including but not limited to the development of new drug candidates (preclinical and clinical) for Multiple Sclerosis treatment. All studies that represent significant advances in relation to Multiple Sclerosis, as well as those presenting prediction or evolution markers, are welcomed.

It should be remarked that IJMS is a journal of molecular science; for this reason, pure clinical studies will not suitable for this Special Issue. Anyhow, clinical or pure model submissions with biomolecular experiments are also welcomed.

Dr. Arturo Mangas
Prof. Dr. Rafael Coveñas Rodríguez
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • multiple sclerosis
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • chronic disease
  • autoimmune disease
  • biological markers
  • new drugs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 844 KB  
Review
Adjunctive Non-Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Immunometabolic, Neuroprotective and Remyelination-Oriented Approaches
by Agnieszka Damiza-Detmer and Andrzej Głąbiński
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(9), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27093857 - 27 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are the standard treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and effectively reduce inflammatory disease activity; however, their effects on neurodegeneration, remyelination failure, and long-term symptom burden vary across disease stages and patient populations. Adjunctive non-DMT approaches have therefore been investigated to [...] Read more.
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are the standard treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) and effectively reduce inflammatory disease activity; however, their effects on neurodegeneration, remyelination failure, and long-term symptom burden vary across disease stages and patient populations. Adjunctive non-DMT approaches have therefore been investigated to target biological processes not primarily addressed by conventional immunomodulatory treatment. These strategies often involve agents originally developed for non-neurological indications, whose mechanisms of action extend beyond their primary clinical use and may intersect with pathways relevant to MS pathophysiology. This narrative review summarizes pharmacological agents, nutraceuticals, and selected bioactive compounds evaluated as adjunctive interventions in MS, with emphasis on immunometabolic regulation and remyelination-related mechanisms. Evidence from experimental models, translational studies, and clinical trials is examined to assess repurposed drugs and metabolic modulators with reported effects on immune responses, glial function, and myelin repair. Particular emphasis is placed on the distinction between mechanistic rationale and clinical outcomes, highlighting the challenges of translating biologically plausible effects into consistent therapeutic benefit. Available data indicate that most adjunctive strategies do not demonstrate consistent disease-modifying effects, although some interventions influence specific biological pathways relevant to neuroinflammation, cellular metabolism, and oligodendrocyte biology. Reported outcomes vary according to disease stage, treatment duration, and selected clinical or imaging endpoints. Overall, adjunctive non-DMT strategies remain investigational and require further evaluation in biologically stratified clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Advances in Multiple Sclerosis)
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