Novelties in Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Hepatology: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Gastroenterology Insights (ISSN 2036-7422). This special issue belongs to the section "Liver".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4141

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: liver stiffness; portal hypertension; hepatocellular carcinoma
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Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40133 Bologna, Italy
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging; chemoembolization; radiomics; angiography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Liver diseases are a globally recognized cause of morbidity and mortality. The burden of these diseases has rapidly changed over the last decade due to the introduction in clinical practice of new antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus. Therefore, hepatologists are now tackling the burden of other pathological entities, such as metabolic-associated and hematological-associated liver diseases. A multidimensional diagnostic work-up is needed to ensure the optimal management of these patients. Furthermore, novel techniques and drugs are under investigation for the treatment of advanced stages of liver disease that are complicated by portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Within this Special Issue, we will summarize the most updated and cutting-edge research in these fields. The first edition of the special issue can be found in https://www.mdpi.com/journal/gastroent/special_issues/novelties_hepatology.

Dr. Giovanni Marasco
Dr. Matteo Renzulli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • portal hypertension
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • imaging
  • liver diseases

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1063 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Cognitive Function in Romanian Patients with Chronic Alcohol Consumption
by Shandiz Morega, Claudiu-Marinel Ionele, Mihaela-Andreea Podeanu, Dan-Nicolae Florescu and Ion Rogoveanu
Gastroenterol. Insights 2024, 15(2), 433-446; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15020031 - 17 May 2024
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Abstract
Alcoholism presents a significant health concern with notable socioeconomic implications. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) can manifest when individuals cease or drastically reduce their alcohol consumption after prolonged use. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by substantial lipid accumulation in the liver cells [...] Read more.
Alcoholism presents a significant health concern with notable socioeconomic implications. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) can manifest when individuals cease or drastically reduce their alcohol consumption after prolonged use. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by substantial lipid accumulation in the liver cells of individuals with no history of alcohol consumption. There is evidence suggesting an association between cognitive impairment and both conditions. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive impairment in patients with NAFLD and AWS using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). This study involved 120 patients admitted to two hospitals in Craiova, Romania. Results indicated that patients with NAFLD did not exhibit cognitive impairment as measured by MMSE (Mean = 29.27, SD = 0.785). Conversely, patients with AWS showed more pronounced cognitive dysfunction, with a mean MMSE score at admission of 16.60 ± 4.097 and 24.60 ± 2.832 after 2 weeks under treatment with Vitamins B1 and B6 and Cerebrolysin. Additionally, our findings suggested that cognitive dysfunction among alcohol consumers was correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms, as demonstrated by the severity of tremors in our study. The two-week period under treatment and alcohol withdrawal was insufficient for cognitive function to return to normal levels. Observational studies on longer periods of time are advised. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novelties in Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Hepatology: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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22 pages, 8420 KiB  
Review
CT and MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis
by Masahiro Okada, Ryoji Aoki, Yujiro Nakazawa, Kenichiro Tago and Kazushi Numata
Gastroenterol. Insights 2024, 15(4), 976-997; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15040068 - 5 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Liver masses are routinely evaluated using ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI may be used for further investigation in cases with atypical findings and difficult diagnoses. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, and it is important to [...] Read more.
Liver masses are routinely evaluated using ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI may be used for further investigation in cases with atypical findings and difficult diagnoses. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, and it is important to know the exact spread and number of HCCs, as there are numerous treatment options. In addition, it is important to know how the differentiations of HCCs are reflected on the images, and what the subtypes of HCCs look like on the images. Elastography with US and MRI is increasingly used to measure liver stiffness, and non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis is also possible. This review describes the diagnosis of HCC on commonly used CT and MRI, and also touches on the frontiers of imaging diagnosis of liver parenchymal changes such as liver cirrhosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novelties in Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Hepatology: 2nd Edition)
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32 pages, 4820 KiB  
Review
Hepatitis C Virus: History and Current Knowledge
by Skender Topi, Elona Gaxhja, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Marica Colella and Luigi Santacroce
Gastroenterol. Insights 2024, 15(3), 676-707; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15030049 - 8 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of HCV remains high (around 1.5 million new patients every year), and 80% of patients with acute infection will progress to chronic hepatitis and develop cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Furthermore, some extrahepatic pathologies [...] Read more.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of HCV remains high (around 1.5 million new patients every year), and 80% of patients with acute infection will progress to chronic hepatitis and develop cirrhosis and even liver cancer. Furthermore, some extrahepatic pathologies may be correlated with HCV (such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, porphyria cutanea tarda, lichen planus, glomerulonephritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin cell lymphoma, and others). In view of these secondary complications, together with the substantial risk of liver damage, the objective of this review was to research and suggest, based on the scientific evidence, the appropriate clinical use of drugs with direct antiviral action (AAD) according to the criteria of international medical organizations. This is to maximize the clinical benefits for patients and to facilitate access to DAA therapy for all patients with chronic hepatitis C. According to the WHO, no vaccine is currently available, and therapies using new antivirals and their combinations are now an effective and safer solution for patients than they have been in the past with the use of interferons. This study aims to analyse the history and knowledge of the pathogenic biomolecular mechanisms and current therapies for HCV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novelties in Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Hepatology: 2nd Edition)
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