Renal Cell Carcinoma

Dear Colleagues,

Renal cancer is a complex disease and a leading cause of mortality in Western countries. This tumor is regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms, with around 77,000 new cases (44,120 in males and 29,700 in females) expected only in the USA in 2019. The growing aging and obesity rates detected in developed societies are factors that predict a continuous increase in the incidence of this tumor in the next decade. Further, renal cancer is a health problem of major concern considering its well-known chemo- and radio-resistance. In fact, although tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune check-point blockade therapies are giving promising results, at present the only methods that have a direct impact on patients’ survival are early detection and surgery.

The spectrum of renal cell carcinoma subtypes is wide. Up to 70–80% of renal tumors are clear cell renal cell carcinomas, a clinically aggressive tumor subtype linked to VHL gene inactivation. Next in frequency, the papillary renal cell carcinoma category encompasses an intricate puzzle of classic and newly described entities with poorly defined limits, some of them pending definite clarification. Likewise, the chromophobe–oncocytoma duality, the so-called hybrid tumors and oncocytic neoplasms, not otherwise specified, remain to be well profiled. Finally, a growing list of very uncommon renal tumors linked to specific molecular signatures (SDH-deficient carcinomas, translocation renal cell carcinomas, etc.) fulfill the current portrait of renal cell neoplasia.

This Special Issue of Cancers intends to take a translational snapshot of the current knowledge in renal cancer, from the simplest clinical approach to the most sophisticated molecular methodology. More than ever, a multidisciplinary perspective is mandatory to solve contemporary dilemmas in this field.

Prof. José I. López
Guest Editor

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