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Immune Deficiency-Associated Lymphoma

A Special Issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694) belonging to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2026) | Viewed by 1205

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Guest Editor
Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
Interests: acute leukemia; tumor escape; natural killer cells; chemotherapy; single cell analysis; CRISPR cas9
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lymphomas occurring in patients with immunodeficiency have specific characteristics in terms of their presentation, pathological diagnosis, pathophysiology, and therapeutic management. They occur in very different circumstances: associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection, in organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, in the context of genetic immunodeficiency syndromes, or associated with immunosuppressive therapies for systemic diseases. Where possible, improving the immune response (reducing immunosuppressants, controlling HIV infection) is an important part of treatment, usually associated with an immuno-chemotherapy approach. These different aspects will be discussed in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Régis Thierry Costello
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lymphoma
  • immune
  • HIV infection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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19 pages, 7779 KB  
Systematic Review
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for HIV-Associated Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Maria F. Comelles, Alexandra Grudzinski and Lisa K. Hicks
Cancers 2026, 18(15), 2373; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18152373 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 758
Abstract
Background: Despite improved outcomes with antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) remains a major cause of mortality. Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) may be curative for relapsed/refractory (R/R) HAL, but HIV-related immunosuppression complicates management. We systematically reviewed prospective evidence on ASCT efficacy and toxicity [...] Read more.
Background: Despite improved outcomes with antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL) remains a major cause of mortality. Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) may be curative for relapsed/refractory (R/R) HAL, but HIV-related immunosuppression complicates management. We systematically reviewed prospective evidence on ASCT efficacy and toxicity in HAL. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for publications between 1 January 1996 and 21 June 2026, with an initial search in January 2024 updated in June 2026. Non-English studies, retrospective analyses, studies with fewer than 10 eligible patients, and studies of primary CNS lymphoma were excluded. Studies of first-line ASCT were included for toxicity analysis but excluded from efficacy analysis. Analyses were performed using MedCalc v22.032. Results: 378 titles were screened, 350 underwent abstract review and 40 full-text review. Six non-randomized prospective studies were identified. Identified trials included a total of 134 patients (33 Hodgkin lymphoma, 101 non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Median age and CD4 counts reported by individual studies ranged from 39 to 47 years and 172–279 cells/µL, respectively; 94.2% of patients were male. All patients received antiretroviral therapy at time of ASCT. Pooled six-month non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 5.39% (95% CI: 2.28–9.73). Among the 52 R/R HAL patients with survival data available, estimated 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 79.8% (95% CI: 68.1–89.3) and 77.9% (95% CI: 65.9–87.8), respectively. Conclusions: In this first systematic review and meta-analysis of ASCT for HAL, NRM post-ASCT is consistent with historical trial results in the non-HIV population. OS and PFS are encouraging, but prospective data are limited and comparative data is absent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Deficiency-Associated Lymphoma)
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