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Eng. Proc., 2025, ICMechD 2024

International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design 2024

Chennai, India | 21–22 March 2024

Volume Editors:
M. S. Alphin, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, India
Divya Zindani, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, India
M. Nalla Mohamed, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, India
Ramkumar P., Indian Institute of Technology, India

Number of Papers: 28
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Cover Story (view full-size image): The International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design (ICMechD'24) was held at Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India, on March 21–22, 2024. The conference [...] Read more.
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11 pages, 1665 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Structural Analysis of Different Components of a Conveying System Used in Road Cleaning Vehicles
by Micha Premkumar Thomai and Seralathan Sivamani
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093001 - 24 Jun 2025
Viewed by 468
Abstract
The quality of road transport in India has experienced rapid growth. A significant amount of rubbish is being thrown on the highways by passengers daily. The effective removal of garbage from highways is vital. Traditional cleaning methods often include manual procedures that are [...] Read more.
The quality of road transport in India has experienced rapid growth. A significant amount of rubbish is being thrown on the highways by passengers daily. The effective removal of garbage from highways is vital. Traditional cleaning methods often include manual procedures that are not particularly efficient. The objective of our present work is to design and construct a contemporary road cleaning vehicle capable of efficiently removing waste particles from roadways, thereby ensuring the maintenance of clean roads. A conveyor system is a crucial component for transporting waste from the road onto a vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 5014 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Fundamental Screech Tone Analysis of Elliptic Pipe Jet
by Rajesh Kumar Sambathu and Budda Thiagarajan Kannan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093002 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 540
Abstract
The elliptic pipe jet screech is explored at a pressure ratio from 2 to 6. The pipe length to diameter ratio is 5. The fundamental screech frequency and magnitude are obtained from the sound pressure level spectrum. The screech frequency decreases as the [...] Read more.
The elliptic pipe jet screech is explored at a pressure ratio from 2 to 6. The pipe length to diameter ratio is 5. The fundamental screech frequency and magnitude are obtained from the sound pressure level spectrum. The screech frequency decreases as the pressure ratio increases. The minor plane has more tones than the major plane at an emission angle of 75 degrees from the jet axis. The amplitude of the screech differs among the planes. The amplitude is higher at lower emission angles from 45 to 75 degrees and lower at a sideline angle of 90 degrees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 2125 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Experimental Analysis of Tensile and Metallurgical Properties in Similar and Dissimilar Metal Joints
by T. Sathish, M. Selvam, K. A. Harish, D. Vijay, G. Harish and D. Yashwant
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093003 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 462
Abstract
This paper delves incto the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process, renowned for its efficacy in creating robust metal joints and widely employed in diverse industries for fusing similar or dissimilar materials. The focus of this study is the welding of mild steel [...] Read more.
This paper delves incto the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process, renowned for its efficacy in creating robust metal joints and widely employed in diverse industries for fusing similar or dissimilar materials. The focus of this study is the welding of mild steel with stainless steel, showcasing the method’s ability to amalgamate exceptionally sturdy metals and alloys. The resultant welded joints exhibit a meticulously refined microstructure and an impressive strength-to-weight ratio. The primary aim is to scrutinize TIG-welded joints, specifically those connecting mild steel with stainless steel, to elucidate their metallurgical and mechanical attributes. Notably, joints formed between distinct materials, such as mild steel and stainless steel, manifest commendable mechanical and metallurgical properties. This paper extensively investigates the metallurgical microstructures and tensile characteristics of both comparable and dissimilar metal junctions, contributing valuable insights to the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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10 pages, 1770 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Analysis of Sustainable Kraft Paper-Based Cushioning System for Packaging
by A. P. Mohanraj, S. Kamatchi, A. Deepthisri, P. Parameshwaran and B. P. Sivasubramaniyan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093004 - 30 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1002
Abstract
In this design, foam packaging for consumer products is replaced by the kraft paper cushioning system. The kraft paper is made into a cylindrical structure, with small cylindrical structures pasted to its outer walls. The cylindrical structure can withstand a high amount of [...] Read more.
In this design, foam packaging for consumer products is replaced by the kraft paper cushioning system. The kraft paper is made into a cylindrical structure, with small cylindrical structures pasted to its outer walls. The cylindrical structure can withstand a high amount of stress, internally and externally. These cylindrical structures’ center points make an imaginary equilateral triangle. Therefore, the applied load is distributed equally across the cylinders and hexagonal structures. We can replace foam packaging with this kraft paper packaging. This design is expected to provide a more eco-friendly product than a normal packaging system. The interior design for the kraft paper is created as integrated cylindrical structures designed using Computer Aided Drawing (CAD). Various tests, such as on compression, impact, and vibration, were carried out. In this design, stimulation, cost comparison of the design, and manufacturing feasibility were examined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 1077 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Simulation of Ripple Free Non-Inverting DC-DC Cuk Converter with Valley-Fill Circuit for LED Applications
by Lakshmi Praba Balakrishnan, Abhinaya Ravichandran, Seyezhai Ramalingam, Deeikshanyaa Sivasubramaniam and Harini Vasudevan Balamurugan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093005 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 500
Abstract
LED lighting plays a pivotal role in the illumination landscape owing to its substantial energy efficiency, prolonged operational lifespan, environmental advantages, superior light quality, and its capacity for advanced lighting control. Flicker in led lighting systems has emerged as a substantial concern and [...] Read more.
LED lighting plays a pivotal role in the illumination landscape owing to its substantial energy efficiency, prolonged operational lifespan, environmental advantages, superior light quality, and its capacity for advanced lighting control. Flicker in led lighting systems has emerged as a substantial concern and is appropriate to its potential opposing impacts on human health and visual comfort. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis, design, and mitigation strategy for flicker in a DC-DC led driver that incorporates a valley fill circuit. The initial stage of this investigation involves an analysis of a conventional cuk converter. However, it is noted that this converter produces an inverting output and experiences high current stress on the semiconductor switch. Consequently, to address these limitations, a non-inverting cuk converter (NICC) is introduced, resulting in a positive output, reduced voltage and current ripple and increased efficiency. To surmount these challenges, the implementation of a valley fill circuit is proposed. This addition facilitates the rapid attainment of a steady state, increases efficiency, and substantially reduces the output voltage and current ripple. An in-depth analysis of the stress imposed on the switch is conducted, leading to the development of a circuit designed to extend the operational life of the LED driver. Therefore, this paper compares the topologies of three different DC-DC cuk power converters. These converters include conventional cuk, non-inverting cuk (NICC), and non-inverting cuk with valley-fill. The performance metrics are examined and compared for all three topologies. The findings of this study affirm that the proposed driver circuit is highly effective in mitigating flicker, thereby enhancing the user experience and elevating the quality of led lighting, all while maintaining energy efficiency. The MATLAB simulations of these converters are performed to validate the theoretical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 1252 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Investigation of an Open Loop Resonator for Crack Detection
by Adithya Krishna Menon, C. B. Abhinav, Sreedevi K. Menon and M. P. Hariprasad
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093006 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 485
Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of composite systems is challenging due to multiple factors unique to composites. Early detection of any defects in composites is essential to ensure structural integrity and prevent catastrophic failure. In this work, a square Open Loop Resonator (OLR) sensor [...] Read more.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of composite systems is challenging due to multiple factors unique to composites. Early detection of any defects in composites is essential to ensure structural integrity and prevent catastrophic failure. In this work, a square Open Loop Resonator (OLR) sensor is proposed for the evaluation of cracks in composite structures. Radio frequency characteristics of the newly designed sensors are analyzed, and their efficiency is studied with respect to various crack sizes and orientations. For the present study, early detection of the crack is focused, and cracking is considered to have occurred in the ground plane of the sensor. A band-pass resonator centered at 2.5 GHz is selected for the study. Structural and HFSS simulations are carried out using commercially available software packages. The proposed sensor is found to be effective in early detection of the cracks and is a viable choice for structural health monitoring applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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10 pages, 2773 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Glass–Polyester–Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites
by Sundarapandiyan Murugesan and Palanikumar Kayaroganam
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093007 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 456
Abstract
Natural composites find application in various fields because of their low specific weight and low investment cost. But due to their inherent nature, natural composites have lower strength and tend to absorb moisture, which makes them weak. In this work, woven glass, mono-bi-filament [...] Read more.
Natural composites find application in various fields because of their low specific weight and low investment cost. But due to their inherent nature, natural composites have lower strength and tend to absorb moisture, which makes them weak. In this work, woven glass, mono-bi-filament polypropylene, and polyester fibers in an epoxy matrix were developed with four and five different stacking layers of texture utilizing the hand-layup procedure. However, understanding the directional dependence of material properties is necessary for the application of these new materials. Three distinctive plates were fabricated for the purpose of the investigation. The laminated plates were tested on a universal testing machine (UTM) and a flexible test setup to examine the mechanical properties of the polymer fiber. By adding short fibers such as polypropylene, polyester fibers in a random manner improved the mechanical strength of the polymer composite compared to the other fiber types such as woven glass fiber sheets and woven polypropylene sheets placed in the middle of the composite. This is because short polymer fibers bond well with epoxy resin and have very good bonding strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 1498 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Sensitivity Analysis of an Edge-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna Strain Sensor to Detect Surface Strains
by A. P. Praveen, Jeetu S. Babu, Sreedevi K. Menon and M. P. Hariprasad
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093008 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 599
Abstract
Damage detection through strain sensing is inevitable in structural health monitoring (SHM) for implementing preventive measures against the failure of a mechanical component or a civil structure. Strain sensors based on patch antennas are gaining importance due to their simple geometry and ease [...] Read more.
Damage detection through strain sensing is inevitable in structural health monitoring (SHM) for implementing preventive measures against the failure of a mechanical component or a civil structure. Strain sensors based on patch antennas are gaining importance due to their simple geometry and ease of fabrication. This work presents the effect of longitudinal and transverse deformation on the patch antenna strain sensor characteristics. Structural and electromagnetic simulations are performed for various loads using a commercial FEM package. The variation in the reflection coefficient with resonant frequency is analyzed for different strain levels up to the elastic limit of the sensor. It is observed that the edge-fed patch antenna can be used in cases of higher strain levels. However, the patch antenna sensor is less sensitive at lower strain levels. The patch antenna sensor effectively decouples the directional strains, making it effective for bidirectional strain sensing using a single element. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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13 pages, 3329 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Condition Monitoring of Forced-Draft Fan Using Vibration Analysis: A Case Study
by Laxmikant S. Dhamande
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093009 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 989
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present vibration-based condition monitoring of forced-draft fans used in sugar factories. The draft system’s uninterrupted operation is essential for the flawless operation of boilers. Considering its importance, a forced-draft fan was employed as a case study. [...] Read more.
The purpose of this paper is to present vibration-based condition monitoring of forced-draft fans used in sugar factories. The draft system’s uninterrupted operation is essential for the flawless operation of boilers. Considering its importance, a forced-draft fan was employed as a case study. The vibration and noise in the time and frequency domain, along with the overall vibration and noise levels, were measured from the driving and non-driving ends of forced-draft fans at different intervals of time so that errors in measurement could be avoided. These vibration data were analyzed to identify faults in the different components of the forced-draft fans, along with problems in their operation. The results of this analysis indicate that the fans under study produced more noise and vibration than the recommended standard value. Also, through signature analysis, it was found that the fans needed to be balanced and aligned properly. The problems observed were rectified, and recommendations are given for the proper maintenance of these fans. An effort was made to explore the relationship between patterns of the vibration spectrum and signs of failure in a forced-draft fan. It was found that vibration-based condition monitoring is an effective tool in sugar factories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 3096 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Development of AC-DC Converter for Hybrid PV Integrated Microgrid System
by Ramabadran Ramaprabha, Sakthivel Sangeetha, Raghunathan Akshitha Blessy, Ravichandran Lekhashree and Pachaiyappan Meenakshi
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093010 - 30 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 339
Abstract
The amount of energy consumed worldwide is raising at a startling rate. This has led to a global energy crisis and a hike in fuel prices and has caused environmental jeopardy. Renewable energy resources offer a promising solution to the above situation. Solar [...] Read more.
The amount of energy consumed worldwide is raising at a startling rate. This has led to a global energy crisis and a hike in fuel prices and has caused environmental jeopardy. Renewable energy resources offer a promising solution to the above situation. Solar energy is examined to be the most liberal source of renewable energy. The efficiency of solar PV cells show nonlinear characteristics and deliver poor performance. Consequently, it is imperative to use the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to extract the optimum amount of energy from photovoltaic (PV) cells. Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) are examples of MPPT algorithms. The performance of MPPT schemes below varying climatic ambience should be predominantly considered. The workings of these schemes under various load conditions becomes critical to analyze. This work deals with this issue and compares the conventional P&O MPPT and INC MPPT schemes for various solar irradiation and load conditions and designing solar panels optimized for maximum power generation. The designed MPPT scheme is carried out in the control circuit of a boost converter, evaluating and designing a converter to convert solar panel DC power into grid-compatible AC power. By analyzing different methods for managing and tracking PV power, this method proves to be fast and gives better results under changes in solar insolation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 1653 KB  
Proceeding Paper
The Mechanical Properties of Brass Alloys: A Review
by S. Jasper, R. Subash, K. Muthuneelakandan, D. Vijayakumar and S. Jhansi Ida
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093011 - 1 Jul 2025
Viewed by 3274
Abstract
Brass is a proportionate copper and zinc alloy that may be mixed to achieve a variety of mechanical, electrical, and chemical characteristics. Compared to bronze, it is more pliable. Brass has a comparatively low melting point (900–940 °C; 1650–1720 °F), depending on its [...] Read more.
Brass is a proportionate copper and zinc alloy that may be mixed to achieve a variety of mechanical, electrical, and chemical characteristics. Compared to bronze, it is more pliable. Brass has a comparatively low melting point (900–940 °C; 1650–1720 °F), depending on its composition. This review explores the most recent advancements in brass alloy technology, including the addition of silicon, tin, and aluminium to improve its strength, machinability, and resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, the development of lead-free, recyclable, and low-carbon brass alloys has been fuelled by the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials. With a renewed emphasis on antibacterial qualities and wear-resistant formulations, brass alloys are also seeing increasing use in sectors like electronics, architecture, and healthcare. Additionally, new opportunities for producing custom-designed brass components have been made possible by the development of additive manufacturing. This paper provides an overview of the current and future potential of brass alloys, highlighting their originality in addressing the changing demands of modern industry and technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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7 pages, 2358 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Effect of FSW Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Aluminum Joints
by Jayakumar Krishnamoorthy, Saran Kumar Murugesan, Sanjuvigasini Nagappan and Sanjay Prakash Prithiviraj
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093012 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a novel welding technique that produces a solid-state weld by generating frictional heat and plastic deformation at the weld spot with a revolving, non-consumable welding tool. Despite processing a wide range of industrial materials, FSW has concentrated on [...] Read more.
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a novel welding technique that produces a solid-state weld by generating frictional heat and plastic deformation at the weld spot with a revolving, non-consumable welding tool. Despite processing a wide range of industrial materials, FSW has concentrated on welding aluminum and its alloys because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and uses in the shipbuilding, aerospace, and other fabrication industries. Important FSW process factors that determine the mechanical qualities of the weldment are the tool tilt angle, tool traverse feed, tool pin profile, tool rotational speed (TRS), tool traverse speed (TTS), tool pin profile (TPP), and shoulder plunge depth. Variations in the required process parameters cause defects, which lower the weld quality of FSWed aluminum alloys (AA). Therefore, keeping an eye on and managing the FSW process is crucial to preserving the caliber of the weld joints. The current study aims to investigate the changes in the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the FSWed AA5052-H111 and AA6061-T6 joints. To perform the FSW experiments, we varied TRS, TTS, and TPP on plates that were 5 mm thick and had a butt joint structure. Following welding, the microstructure of the weld zones was examined to observe how the grains had changed. The joint’s tensile strength reached a maximum of 227 MPa for the square-shaped TPP, and the micro-Vickers hardness test results showed a maximum of 102 HV at the weld nugget zone (WNZ). Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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10 pages, 1398 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid Microgrid System with EV Charging Using Pelican Optimization Algorithm
by Anirban Maity, Sajjan Kumar and Pulok Pattanayak
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093013 - 2 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 479
Abstract
This research focuses on optimizing a grid-connected hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for The Neotia University (TNU), West Bengal, India, utilizing renewable energy sources to improve sustainability and energy efficiency. The system integrates solar panels, wind turbines, and an existing diesel generator (DG) to [...] Read more.
This research focuses on optimizing a grid-connected hybrid microgrid system (HMGS) for The Neotia University (TNU), West Bengal, India, utilizing renewable energy sources to improve sustainability and energy efficiency. The system integrates solar panels, wind turbines, and an existing diesel generator (DG) to meet campus energy demands, including electric vehicle (EV) charging facilities for residents and staff. The pelican optimization algorithm (POA) is employed to determine the optimal capacity of PV and wind turbine units for reducing energy costs, enhancing reliability, and minimizing carbon emissions. The results reveal a substantial decrease in the cost of energy (COE) from INR 11.74/kWh to INR 5.20/kWh. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 2484 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Comparative Analysis of PMSMs and SRMs for Drone Applications
by Sarangapani Theperumal Vigneshwar, Mahadevan Balaji and Sundaramoorthy Prabhu
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093014 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 797
Abstract
This research paper presents a comprehensive comparison between Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) in the context of drone applications. The study focuses on motors designed for an output power of 500 watts, with a torque of 0.8 Nm. [...] Read more.
This research paper presents a comprehensive comparison between Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) in the context of drone applications. The study focuses on motors designed for an output power of 500 watts, with a torque of 0.8 Nm. Simulation results demonstrate that both motor types achieve the specified power rating, exhibiting a torque output of 0.8 Nm. In this comparative analysis, key performance parameters, efficiency, and operational characteristics of PMSM and SRM are systematically evaluated. The study addresses the unique features and challenges associated with each motor type, providing valuable insights for optimizing drone propulsion systems. Additionally, the influence of these motor choices on drone efficiency, weight, and overall performance is discussed. The research contributes to the understanding of motor selection in drone design, offering practical guidance for engineers and researchers involved in unmanned aerial vehicle development. As drone applications continue to diversify, this comparative study aids in making informed decisions regarding motor technologies, balancing power requirements, and maximizing operational efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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11 pages, 3956 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Implementation of Bidirectional Converter with Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Converter Based on an SRM Drive Using PV for Electric Vehicles
by Ramabadran Ramaprabha, Ethirajan Anjana, Sureshkumar Hariprasath, Sulaimon Mohammed Ashik, Medarametala Venkata Sai Kiran and Tikarey Yoganand Navinsai Kaarthik
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093015 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 459
Abstract
Due to the high demand for fuel efficiency, electric vehicles have come into the picture, as they only use batteries to power the vehicle. This requires constant charging of the batteries at charging stations, which are costly and impractical to install. But it [...] Read more.
Due to the high demand for fuel efficiency, electric vehicles have come into the picture, as they only use batteries to power the vehicle. This requires constant charging of the batteries at charging stations, which are costly and impractical to install. But it is possible to install charging stations by making use of photovoltaic (PV) cells and demagnetization currents to self-charge batteries under stand-still conditions. The design of a bidirectional converter with asymmetrical half-bridge converter based on a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive, using PV for electric vehicles, is implemented in this paper. It consists of developing a control unit (GCU), Li-ion battery pack, and photovoltaic (PV) solar cells that are integrated with a bidirectional converter and asymmetrical half-bridge converter (AHBC) to provide power to the SRM drive. The solar-assisted SRM drive can be operated in either the motoring mode or charging mode. In the motoring-mode GCU, the battery or PV energy can be used in any combination to power the SRM. In the charging-mode PV, the GCU and AC grids are used to charge the battery under stand-still conditions. This work helps in the self-charging of batteries using either the GCU or PV cells, as well as aids in the improvement in the performance characteristics. Also, this work compares the performance metrics for the proposed system and conventional system. The performance of the drive system using PV cells/GCU is evaluated and verified through MatLab/Simulink and experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 2979 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Utilizing ZSM-5 Zeolite, Synthesized from Kaolin Clay, as a Catalyst Presents an Efficient Approach for Reducing Emissions in Compression Ignition (CI) Engines
by Sethuraman Narayanan, Karthikeyan Duraisamy and Aasthiya Bharanitharan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093016 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 468
Abstract
This investigation focuses on synthesizing ZSM-5 zeolite from kaolin clay and its application as a catalytic converter to reduce NOx emissions in CRDI diesel engines. By doping the synthesized zeolite with CuCl2 and AgNO3 and coating it on a ceramic monolith, [...] Read more.
This investigation focuses on synthesizing ZSM-5 zeolite from kaolin clay and its application as a catalytic converter to reduce NOx emissions in CRDI diesel engines. By doping the synthesized zeolite with CuCl2 and AgNO3 and coating it on a ceramic monolith, this study demonstrated superior catalytic activity for NOx reduction compared to conventional converters. A set of experimental trials conducted by using a diesel engine with an AVL DI-gas analyzer showed that CuCl2-ZSM5 and AgNO3-ZSM5 catalysts reduced the NOx conversion efficiencies to 72% and 66%. Additionally, these catalysts effectively reduced CO and HC emissions. The results highlight the potential of kaolin-derived zeolites with copper and cobalt dopants as efficient catalysts for emission control in internal combustion engines, offering a promising, sustainable solution for improving air quality and environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 1411 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Emission Reduction in Commercial Vehicles Using Selective Catalysts
by Chandrasekar Pichandi, Kumar Subburayan, Arulmurugan Seetharaman, Sai Krishna Umamahesh, Sakthi Kumar Kumaresan, Skanath Kumar Pudukkottai Sivasubramanian, Muthaimanoj Periyasamy and Natteri Mangadu Sudharsan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093017 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 472
Abstract
Transportation is a major contributor to air pollution, with vehicles emitting around 65% of manmade hydrocarbons, 64% of carbon monoxide, and 40% of nitrogen oxides. These pollutants harm the environment, human health, and materials. With vehicle populations expected to reach 1.3 billion by [...] Read more.
Transportation is a major contributor to air pollution, with vehicles emitting around 65% of manmade hydrocarbons, 64% of carbon monoxide, and 40% of nitrogen oxides. These pollutants harm the environment, human health, and materials. With vehicle populations expected to reach 1.3 billion by 2030, emissions will only worsen. This project focuses on enhancing the efficiency of catalytic converters, which help convert harmful tailpipe emissions like unburned hydrocarbons and CO into less harmful substances (CO2 and H2O). Using a selective catalyst alongside a catalytic converter, the study aims to significantly reduce toxic emissions from traditional IC engine vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 2566 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the End-Milling Process in Machining AISI 1045 Steel
by Ramesh Sivaprakash, Paramuthuraj Sugumar, Muthuraj Balamurugan and Francis Michael Thomas Rex
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093018 - 4 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 592
Abstract
End milling is a process that is widely used for producing components in aerospace applications, automobile applications, and many other fields. It is crucial to forecast a workpiece’s deformation behaviour during the machining process to choose the best process settings and maximize the [...] Read more.
End milling is a process that is widely used for producing components in aerospace applications, automobile applications, and many other fields. It is crucial to forecast a workpiece’s deformation behaviour during the machining process to choose the best process settings and maximize the part’s overall quality. Understanding the behaviour of each workpiece during the end-milling process through physical experiments is critical, but expensive. Hence, it is inevitable that a numerical study will be developed to estimate workpiece deformation with higher accuracy and less computational cost. The end-milling process on AISI 1045 is simulated in this work using a 3D finite element modelling technique. The ANSYS Workbench 2020 R1 is used to conduct an explicit dynamic analysis in the suggested model. The workpiece’s stress and deformation values throughout the machining process are estimated and examined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 1303 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Patch Antenna as Thermal Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring
by B. Vishnu, Devarapalli Dinesh Reddy, M. Sai Naveen, M. P. Hariprasad and Sreedevi K. Menon
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093019 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for the longevity of engineering structures, especially under thermal loading conditions. Elevated temperatures pose challenges for sensors in data acquisition and characterization. Once suitable sensors are deployed, temperature data help detect and evaluate potential damage or defects. [...] Read more.
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is crucial for the longevity of engineering structures, especially under thermal loading conditions. Elevated temperatures pose challenges for sensors in data acquisition and characterization. Once suitable sensors are deployed, temperature data help detect and evaluate potential damage or defects. This work uses a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (RMSA)-based sensor for temperature sensing, offering non-invasive, accurate, and stable measurements. The antenna resonant frequency is sensitive to changes in temperature, acting as an indicator. Simulations using HFSS analyze the antenna’s reflection characteristics under thermal loading, simplifying sensing systems, reducing sensor count, and minimizing installation efforts work. Simulated results are comparable to the experimental ones, which ascertain the performance of patch antennas as temperature sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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6 pages, 1433 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Performance Analysis of Double-Layered Thin-Walled Hemispherical Shell Structures Under Quasi-Static Compression
by Nalla Mohamed Mohamed Ismail and Kavin Sudha Ramakrishnan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093020 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 362
Abstract
Thin-walled hemispherical shell structures are mainly used in the aerospace industry as energy absorbers. However, their thin walls frequently lead to stability problems. To create a stable structure, double-layered thin-walled hemispherical shell structures were developed. In this study, we investigated the deformation behaviors [...] Read more.
Thin-walled hemispherical shell structures are mainly used in the aerospace industry as energy absorbers. However, their thin walls frequently lead to stability problems. To create a stable structure, double-layered thin-walled hemispherical shell structures were developed. In this study, we investigated the deformation behaviors of these structures through both experimental and numerical methods. The shell span diameter is taken as 200 mm. Monolithic layers have thicknesses of 1.0 mm compared with double-layered shells which have thicknesses of 0.5 mm (inner)/0.5 mm (outer). We developed numerical models to simulate the structural responses of monolithic and double-layered spherical shell structures using ABAQUS/CAE® V6.14 software. These models were validated against experimental results. Our results show that double-layered shells absorb more energy compared to monolithic shells. These insights provide a foundation for improved designs of hemispherical structures, ultimately enhancing their energy absorption performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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12 pages, 4119 KB  
Proceeding Paper
A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach to Power Load Optimization and Emission Reduction in Rural Microgrids
by Anirban Maity, Atanu Roy, Sajjan Kumar, Sabyasachi Pramanik, Pulok Pattanayak and Manashi Chakraborty
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093021 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 494
Abstract
Fluctuating weather patterns challenge renewable energy stability in microgrids, making accurate load forecasting essential. This study focuses on power load forecasting in rural microgrids in the Diamond Harbour sector of Kolkata, India. The current research proposes long short-term memory for weather prediction and [...] Read more.
Fluctuating weather patterns challenge renewable energy stability in microgrids, making accurate load forecasting essential. This study focuses on power load forecasting in rural microgrids in the Diamond Harbour sector of Kolkata, India. The current research proposes long short-term memory for weather prediction and artificial neural networks for load forecasting under different climatic conditions. The result shows higher prediction accuracy (R2: 0.8852, MSE: 0.0043), outperforming GRU, SVM, ARIMA, and SARIMA, contributing to Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13, which is essential for a sustainable and resilient power supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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8 pages, 2132 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Impact of Current Variations on Weld Bead Properties During the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of 7075 Aluminium Using an ER4043 Filler Wire
by Vishal Bhardwaj, Siddharth Garg and Qasim Murtaza
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093022 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 510
Abstract
This study investigated into how different current input levels during cold metal transfer (CMT) welding affected the characteristics of the weld bead. For the current variation, three input values were taken: 80 A, 90 A, and 100 A. Weld beads fabricated from all [...] Read more.
This study investigated into how different current input levels during cold metal transfer (CMT) welding affected the characteristics of the weld bead. For the current variation, three input values were taken: 80 A, 90 A, and 100 A. Weld beads fabricated from all three current inputs were compared by analysing their microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength, and residual stress. The microhardness of the weld bead decreased when the current parameter was increased from 80 A to 100 A. The average tensile strength increased from 80 A to 90 A. The lowest residual stress calculated was −135 MPa with 100 A current. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 4187 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Advanced Design and Analysis of Engine Fins to Improve Heat Transfer Rate
by Pritam Kumar Das, Mohammed Zubbairuddin, Jitendra Patra and Santosh Kumar Dash
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093023 - 7 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1232
Abstract
Fin analysis is crucial to improve the rate of heat transfer. The main objective of this research is to investigate various fin designs in order to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of cooling fins through modifications in the geometry of the cylinder fins. [...] Read more.
Fin analysis is crucial to improve the rate of heat transfer. The main objective of this research is to investigate various fin designs in order to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of cooling fins through modifications in the geometry of the cylinder fins. The investigation of thermal analysis of the cylinder through variation in material, geometry, number, and size of the fins is carried out. Different materials are considered to design the fins, including cast iron, aluminum alloy 6061, and copper. The design of the engine, featuring various fins, is modeled with CATIA, and analysis is performed with ANSYS 2023 R2. The findings indicate that for the modified design-2, the total heat flux is more for aluminum alloy 6061 compared to the other two materials. Additionally, the use of aluminum alloy 6061 results in lower weight, making it a better choice compared to cast iron and copper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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7 pages, 1684 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Investigation on Transverse Loading of Auxetic Beams Using Finite Element Methods
by Navneeth Sanjeev and M. P. Hariprasad
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093024 - 15 Aug 2025
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Structures that possess negative Poisson’s ratio are termed “Auxetic” structures. They elongate laterally on longitudinal–tensile loading and compress laterally on longitudinal–compressive loading. Auxetic structures are a composition of unit cells that are available in various geometries, which include triangular, hexa-triangular, re-entrant, chiral, star, [...] Read more.
Structures that possess negative Poisson’s ratio are termed “Auxetic” structures. They elongate laterally on longitudinal–tensile loading and compress laterally on longitudinal–compressive loading. Auxetic structures are a composition of unit cells that are available in various geometries, which include triangular, hexa-triangular, re-entrant, chiral, star, arrowhead, etc. Due to their unique shape, these structures possess remarkably good mechanical properties such as shear resistance, indentation resistance, fracture resistance, synclastic behavior, energy absorption capacity, etc. However, they have poor load-bearing capacity. To improve the load bearing strength of these structures, this paper presents a numerical analysis of oriented re-entrant structured (ORS) beams with auxetic clusters aligned at various angles (0°, 45° and 90°), using Finite Element Methods. Oriented re-entrant unit cell clusters enclosed by a bounded frame were modeled and a three-point bending test was conducted to perform a comparison study on deformation mechanisms of the different oriented re-entrant honeycomb structures with honeycomb beams. The computational analysis of ORS beams revealed that the directional deformation and normal strain along the x-axis were the lowest in ORS45, followed by ORS90, ORS0, and honeycomb. Among all the beams, ORS45 displayed the best load-bearing capacity with comparably low mass density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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9 pages, 1118 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Internet-Enabled Collaborative Fixture Design
by Subramanian Vasanth, Earnest Hebron Jones, Hareendran Praveen and Francis Michael Thomas Rex
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093025 - 20 Aug 2025
Viewed by 539
Abstract
The design of fixtures is a complex and instinctive process. A proficient fixture design system customized for particular applications reduces manufacturing costs and lead times. Various computer-aided systems are available to assist in the many manufacturing stages in today’s industry. A fixture design [...] Read more.
The design of fixtures is a complex and instinctive process. A proficient fixture design system customized for particular applications reduces manufacturing costs and lead times. Various computer-aided systems are available to assist in the many manufacturing stages in today’s industry. A fixture design system should facilitate the seamless movement of information among several domains to enhance product design and production processes. The fixture design system should be easily transferable and compatible with many operating platforms. This study discusses creating an Internet-enabled interactive fixture design system that enables seamless communication among different disciplines in product development. Utilizing the Internet and Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) allows for the exchange of information and expertise among computer-aided manufacturing systems. The CAD model of fixturing pieces is first turned into VRML coding. The VRML code for the model can be modified to vary the size and dimensions of the CAD model, facilitating alterations such as scaling fixture components, repositioning mounting points, and resizing clamping parts to align with specific design needs. The VRML model of the fixturing system was created with Java and built on an FTTP server architecture. It guarantees that the system performs consistently across different platforms. This work has also established a mechanism for comprehensive fixture design independent of a locating scheme. Establishing a library for storing previous fixture designs can prevent the need to recreate the current model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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10 pages, 1504 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Free Vibration Characteristics of Elastomer-Embedded Natural-Rubber-Filled GFRP Laminates for Anti-Vibration Mounts
by Muthunadar Selvaraj and Ramasamy Murugan
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093026 - 27 Aug 2025
Viewed by 1646
Abstract
The present work investigates the influence of natural rubber (NR) on the mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics of elastomer-embedded NR-filled GFRP laminates for anti-vibration (AV) mounts. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength values of the preferred hybrid laminates are evaluated as per [...] Read more.
The present work investigates the influence of natural rubber (NR) on the mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics of elastomer-embedded NR-filled GFRP laminates for anti-vibration (AV) mounts. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength values of the preferred hybrid laminates are evaluated as per ASTM standards. To estimate vibration characteristics such as the modal frequency and damping of the hybrid laminates, a free vibration study is carried out under the fixed-free boundary condition. Based on the experimental results, the effect of NR filling in an epoxy matrix of elastomer-centric GFRP laminates is thoroughly investigated for its application in AV mounts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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10 pages, 1875 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Fabrication and Characterization of Ti-Al-Cr-Nb Alloy by Casting Technique: Microstructural Evolution and Implications for Surface Mechanisms
by B. Madhusudhana Reddy, S. Sunil Kumar Reddy and B. Vinod
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093027 - 26 Aug 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
Advanced engineering materials are in high demand for a combination of tailored properties in a single material. Titanium with aluminum alloys is widely used to prepare pistons and knee joints due to its high strength and abundant availability. The primary focus of the [...] Read more.
Advanced engineering materials are in high demand for a combination of tailored properties in a single material. Titanium with aluminum alloys is widely used to prepare pistons and knee joints due to its high strength and abundant availability. The primary focus of the study was to utilize an eco-friendly composite material with low cost and a simple production process. Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb with molybdenum disulfide was added as reinforcement in varying percentages, fabricated using the squeeze casting production technique. The dry sliding wear test was performed. Adding 4% molybdenum disulfide to Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb enhanced its mechanical properties and wear resistance by 57%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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7 pages, 811 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Design and Investigation Analysis of Impulse Turbine
by V. Pandiaraj, M. Selvam, R. Ganapathy Srinivasan, K. Sudharshanam, C. Sibin and S. Sarankumar
Eng. Proc. 2025, 93(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025093028 - 26 Aug 2025
Viewed by 446
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reduce the losses in impulse turbines by changing the dimensions of turbine blades by using four different materials with three different dimensions. The turbine blades were manufactured using a fusion deposition model of a Rapid prototyping [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to reduce the losses in impulse turbines by changing the dimensions of turbine blades by using four different materials with three different dimensions. The turbine blades were manufactured using a fusion deposition model of a Rapid prototyping machine. The materials used for this manufacturing process included nickel, molybdenum and materials like carbon and stainless steel reinforced with plastics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design)
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