Children, Volume 10, Issue 2

Purpose: Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) adversely affect children’s quality of life. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of ECC on growth, development, and quality of life. Design and Methods: A total of 95 children were divided into th...

Biological bases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include both genetic and epigenetic causes. Patients with ASD show anomalies in the profile of certain plasma amino acids, including neuroactive amino acids. Monitoring plasma amino acids may be rele...

The presented paper is devoted to finding out and analyzing the opinions of primary education teachers on the causes of the unsuccessful adaptation of current schoolchildren to the beginning of systematic education. To find out the above issues, peda...

This is a project report to introduce the Comprehensive Sexuality Education Technical Guideline—Adaptation of Global Standards for Potential Use in China (First Edition) (hereafter referred to as the Guideline) as the first adaptation of the In...

Introduction: In developing countries, neonatal mortality is the most neglected health issue by the health system, leading to its emergence as a public health problem. A study was undertaken to assess the influence of factors and newborn care practic...

Pyelectasis, also known as renal pelvic dilatation or hydronephrosis, is frequently found on fetal ultrasound. This study correlated prenatally-detected, moderate pyelectasis with postnatal outcomes. This retrospective, observational study was conduc...

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the associations between warm and harsh parenting and adolescent well-being, and the mediating effects of self-kindness and self-judgment, in relationships. Moreover, this study investigated developmental diffe...

Here, we aim to describe mental health (MH) in a cohort of children, adolescents, and young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) in Spain and explore the treatment gap for mental disorders. We also aim to analyze the potential associati...

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are rare and involve a wide spectrum of malformations. Prenatal diagnosis is often incomplete, and the diagnostic pathway is started during the newborn period to identify the type of malformation and the correct treatme...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has acquired several resistance mechanisms in order to escape the currently used eradication regimens such as mutations that impair the replication, recombination, and transcription of DNA; the antibiotics capability t...

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orthokeratology treatment with DRL lenses on the control of myopia progression compared with single vision glasses users (monofocal glasses). It was also possible to analyze the clinical efficacy...

In the context of exercise psychology, the mediating relationship between peer support, self-efficacy and self-regulation, and adolescents’ exercise adherence was to be explored. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among 2200 teenagers fro...

Atrial size and function have been recognized as markers of diastolic function, and diastolic dysfunction has been identified as a predictor of adverse outcomes in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). This was a retrospective single-center study with...

(1) Background: To evaluate the self-concept of adolescents, a proper evaluation of several existing self-concept measurements is needed. The objectives of this study are to conduct a systematic review of the available measures used to assess self-co...

Infant mortality rate is a proxy measure of population health. Previous studies on the infant mortality rate in Ethiopia did not consider measurement errors in the measured variables and had a one-directional effect; little emphasis was placed on tes...

Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is the standard procedure for the treatment of severe scoliosis. PSF is a standard procedure that combines posterior instrumentation with bone grafting and/or bone substitutes to enhance fusion. The aim of this retrospec...

Cysthiatonine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency (CBSD) is an autosomal recessive rare disorder caused by variations on CBS that leads to impaired conversion of homocysteine (Hcy) to cystathionine. Marked hyperhomocysteinemia is the hallmark of the disea...

Nonpharmaceutical interventions are important for addressing the psychosocial needs of children living with atopic dermatitis (AD). The current study aimed to investigate the effects of an integrative body–mind–spirit (IBMS) intervention...

This study aimed to explore the long-term effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on spatiotemporal gait parameters and functional balance in children with cerebral palsy. Thirty-nine children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were randomly allocated to on...

To assess the use of oral contraceptives (OC) in adolescents, using data from a longitudinal, population-based pediatric cohort study (LIFE Child). We also investigated associations between OC use and socioeconomic status (SES), and associations betw...

Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day. This study aimed to assess breakfast frequency and quality in Tunisian children and to determine the relationship between breakfast skipping and the weight status of the children. A total of...

Sports participation is one of the most popular forms of physical activity among youngsters. This study aimed to examine the changes in the estimated body composition, strength, and flexibility of adolescent boys after 12 months of soccer training co...

Thyroid disorders constitute one of the major endocrine disorders in pediatric service. It includes a range of congenital versus acquired anatomic and/or functional thyroid diseases in growing children that has a spectrum of severity from severe inte...

Background: The aim of this review of the literature was to find and summarize relevant research evidence available within the scientific sources and gray literature in accordance with the JBI recommendations. Search question: What effect does Basal...

High-risk neuroblastoma requires multimodal treatment including systemic chemotherapy, surgical resection, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and immunotherapy. Surgeons play a vital role in obtaining local control of neuroblastoma and must the...

The management of children with complex and life-threatening heart malformations became a clinical conundrum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The pathophysiological features of the new coronavirus infection have raised major dilemmas regarding the pos...

Background: Although the number of studies showing the efficacy of conservative treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has increased, studies with long-term follow-up are very limited. The aim of this study was to present the long-term effects...

The FeverApp registry is an ambulant ecological momentary assessment (EMA) model registry focusing on research of fever in children. Verification of EMA reliability is a challenge, due to absence of other source data. To ensure the reliability of EMA...

Objective: The prime objective of this research was to study the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with an evaluation of bony changes via pre- and post-treatment 3DCBCT in orthodontic malocclusion cases treated with fixed orthodontic appliance...

Births involving shoulder dystocia or tight nuchal cords can deteriorate rapidly. The fetus may have had a reassuring tracing just before birth yet may be born without any heartbeat (asystole). Since the publication of our first article on cardiac as...

Introduction: Providing quality healthcare for children includes assessing and responding to needs of their family caregivers. Three salient domains to consider are caregivers’ early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), their current levels of...

Progressive scoliosis eventually leads to extensive spinal fusion surgery, which carries a risk for significant bleeding. Neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) patients have an additional inherent risk of major perioperative bleeding. The purpose of our rese...

With provisional restorations, properties such as flexural strength play a key role in maintaining the abutment teeth in position over the interim period until the final restorations are placed. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the flexural s...

Adolescent classical ballet dancers are nutritionally vulnerable, as they try to retain a lean body shape during a life period of high nutritional requirements due to rapid growth. Studies conducted on adult dancers have indicated a high risk for the...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly popular method for the treatment of patients with life-threatening conditions. The case we have described is characterized by the effectiveness of therapy despite resuscitation lasting mor...

Life events (traumatic and protective) may be critical factors associated with eating disorders and their severity. To date, there is little literature concerning the role of life events in adolescence. The main goal of this study was to explore in a...

Conservative and operative treatments with gradual or acute correction of severe varus deformities of the leg have been described. We evaluated whether the corrective osteotomy used within the NGO Mercy Ships is an effective treatment for genu varum...

This twin family study first aimed to investigate the evidence for genetic factors predicting the risk of lifetime prevalence of non-specific low back pain of at least three months duration (LBP (life)) and one-month current prevalence of thoracolumb...

Diametaphyseal forearm fractures are difficult to treat because standard methods for long-bone fracture stabilization in the metaphyseal or diaphyseal regions are less effective in this transition zone. We hypothesized that there is no difference in...

A choledochal cyst is a rare malformation primarily diagnosed in children. The only effective therapy remains surgical cyst resection followed by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Treating asymptomatic neonates remains a point of discussion. Between 198...

Headache is the most common neurologic complaint that presents to the pediatrician. While most headaches are benign in nature, patients must be carefully evaluated to rule out life- or vision-threatening causes. Non-benign etiologies of headache may...

Paediatric flexible flatfoot (PFF) is a very common condition and a common concern among parents and various healthcare professionals. There is a multitude of conservative and surgical treatments, with foot orthoses (FO) being the first line of treat...

This study evaluated the potential of a novel pre-validated “Picture Assisted Illustration Reinforcement” (PAIR) communication system and conventional verbal techniques for Oral Health Education (OHE) in terms of dentition status, gingiva...

An assessment of a teacher’s concept of their student’s pain could be useful to guide preventative and targeted school-based pain science education. We aimed to assess a teacher’s own concept of pain against their concept of their s...

Youth vaping is a public health concern in Canada. Researchers have explored factors associated with vape use, but rarely differentiated between types of use. This study estimates the prevalence and correlations among past-month nicotine vaping, nico...

Introduction: Immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplantation remains a major challenge. MTOR inhibitors provide a promising therapeutic approach in combination with reduced CNI after transplantation. However, there are still few data regardi...

This study aimed to determine how common are specific red flags of life-threatening headache (LTH) among children with complaints of headache in the emergency department. A retrospective study was conducted over five years, including all patients age...

The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on brain structure has been noticed. Resilience has been considered a protective characteristic from being mentally ill; however, the link between ACEs, psychological resilience, and brain imaging re...

Pulmonary vein stenosis results from a proliferative process that leads to the progressive obstruction of venous return to the left atrium. It is often resistant to catheterization and surgical based interventions and is frequently fatal when encount...

(1) Background: Physical literacy (PL) is a multidimensional concept, since it fosters lifetime engagement in physical activities and reduces obesity; however, empirical evidence is lacking to support this association. This study first aimed to estab...