2026 January - 160 articles
Background/Objectives: The optimal timing for inguinal hernia repair in premature infants remains controversial. Most premature patients in our institution undergo repair just before discharge. This study evaluates postoperative complications in prem...
Background: Food allergy [FA] is a growing public health concern among school-age children, with schools and childcare/daycare settings representing high-risk environments for accidental exposure and anaphylaxis. Objective: To systematically review e...
Background/Objectives: Although numerous studies have examined associations between screen time and early language development, less is known about how screen exposure interacts with developmental stage, digital content quality, and parental mediatio...
Background/Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood. While gait improvements are often observed during childhood, it remains unclear whether these gains are sustained into adulthood. This study aime...
Background/Objectives: A neonatal intensive care units (NICU) admission of a premature infant is lifesaving; however, it can also be emotionally devastating experiences for parents. Family-centered care (FCC) interventions are designed to support par...
Background: Parental loss in childhood is a significant developmental risk factor, underscoring the need for evidence-based knowledge to guide support. Although social responses play a central role in children’s adjustment to loss, little is kn...
Background/Objectives: In light of the concerning research data on students’ mental health, it is essential to provide high-quality programs that support children and young people in strengthening their psychological well-being. To address this...
Background/Objectives: Children in paediatric palliative care often face school attendance barriers due to complex health needs. This study describes post-training perceptions of a training program by a pediatric hospice team to prepare school care a...
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained substantial prominence in pediatric dentistry, offering new opportunities to enhance diagnostic precision and clinical decision-making. AI-based systems are increasingly applied in caries...
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) represent one of the most prevalent reasons for visits to Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs). Because viral and bacterial presentations frequently overlap, a substantial proportion of antibiotic pre...
Background: Although surfactant replacement therapy has been a cornerstone of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) management for decades, traditional delivery via endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with procedure-related...
Objectives: The Impostor Phenomenon (IP), defined as persistent self-doubt despite objective success, has been extensively researched in adults. In contrast, empirical research on children and adolescents remains limited. Methods: The present study e...
Background: Adolescents in residential care frequently face functional challenges, yet few interventions integrate functional-cognitive models with motivational theories to support their daily function. Methods: This mixed-methods feasibility study i...
Background and objectives: Suicide attempts and self-harm are critical issues in adolescence, often leading to serious and irreversible consequences. These behaviours frequently co-occur and share common biopsychosocial risk factors. Identifying thes...
Background: Food allergy is a leading cause of severe allergic reactions in children and often results in restrictive elimination diets. The oral food challenge (OFC) remains the diagnostic gold standard but is resource-intensive and carries a risk o...
Background and Clinical Significance: Malaria remains a significant public health issue in Latin America, where Plasmodium vivax predominates but P. falciparum continues to circulate. Mixed-species infections are uncommon and can pose diagnostic chal...
Background/Objectives: Seasonal influenza imposes a significant burden on pediatric public health. Despite official recommendations and full insurance coverage, vaccination rates among children in Slovakia remain critically low. This study aims to an...
Background: Children with ADHD and children with intellectual disability (ID) often have problems with daily time management (DTM). It is, however, less well-known how the underlying time-processing ability (TPA) may impact children’s DTM and a...
Background/Objectives: Neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are born in delivery facilities with different levels of neonatal care. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the incidence of HIE and postnatal...
Background: Mastocytosis is a rare hematologic disorder, classified into cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) and systemic mastocytosis (SM). Understanding age-related differences in presentation and management is essential for individualized care. Methods: D...
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a severe and underrecognized respiratory disorder characterized by the coexistence of obesity, daytime hypercapnia, and sleep-disordered breathing. Although well described in adults, pediatric OHS remains poo...
Background: Children of mothers exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be at increased risk of sleep disruptions, such as night waking, due to potential suboptimal caregiving or living conditions. Mothers’ ACEs are also associated...
Background/Objectives: Many elementary school-aged children (i.e., 5 to 12 years old) experience sleep difficulties that negatively impact their daytime functioning. Despite this high prevalence, sleep education is rarely included in school curricula...
Background/Objectives: Effective airway management during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial but technically challenging, especially during continuous chest compressions. While direct laryngoscopy with Macintosh (MAC) or Miller...
Background: Hospitalisation for paediatric oncohaematological diseases entails significant physical and psychological stress, often compromising children’s emotional regulation and daily functioning. In this context, complementary interventions...
Background: Adolescence is a sensitive period for psychological, academic, and social development, and sports participation has been described as a potential protective factor for academic performance and psychological well-being. However, limited re...
Background: Adolescent violence occurs both within and beyond the school setting. Furthermore, risk factors for aggression, such as Moral Disengagement (MD), do not operate uniformly and may be triggered in one context but not another. This highlight...
Background: Mini-puberty is a transient but critical postnatal activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, essential for male gonadal maturation, penile and testicular growth, and future reproductive potential: this physiologic...
Background/objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration in managing anterior molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) defects, focusing on color improvement, lesion size reduction, sensitivity outcomes and patient aesthetic perception...
Background/Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social, communication, and behavioral challenges. complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used by parents worldwide, yet r...
Background: A sedentary lifestyle contributes to chronic disease risk in adults and may predict unfavourable body composition in adolescents. Declining physical activity and rising sedentary behaviour are linked to increasing global obesity rates. Gi...
Background/Objectives: To analyze the parent-perceived quality of life (QoL) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to study the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical factors and this perception, under the perspective of the Internatio...
Background/Objectives: Parental mental health challenges are associated with parenting difficulties and child mental health issues. Parenting interventions can support families; however, parents with mental health challenges face barriers to accessin...
Background: Although several studies have reported associations between screentime and shortened sleep duration among adolescents, contextual relationships between different forms of screentime are not well understood. The purpose of this study was t...
Background: Parents caring for preterm infants during hospital admission have unique needs. How these are addressed plays an important role in parents’ ability to cope with caregiving responsibilities. Educational programmes have proven benefic...
Background/Objectives: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is a severe epilepsy of infancy. Corticotropin (ACTH) and vigabatrin are the only FDA-approved therapies. The efficacy of ACTH together with the strong convulsant effects of corticotro...
Background: Visceral adiposity has emerged as a clinically relevant determinant of early cardiometabolic dysfunction in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), yet its assessment remains underutilized in routine practice. This study evaluated ultr...
Background/Objectives: Childhood overweight and obesity are influenced by family-level behaviors related to nutrition, physical activity, and daily routines. This study aimed to In contrast to screen time family nutrition and physical activity practi...
Background/Objectives: Community violence remains a pervasive public health challenge that disproportionately affects Black youth, with lasting impacts on physical and mental health. Traditional models often conceptualize resilience as individual &ld...
Background/Objectives: Socioeconomic stressors, such as financial strain, rising living costs, and perceived price burden, have gained relevance in the post-pandemic period and may adversely affect adolescent mental health. This study examined the as...
Background/Objectives: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for impaired growth, metabolic disturbances, and neurodevelopmental difficulties. Although previous research has examined cognitive and behavioral outcomes in...
Background/Objectives: Within Paediatric Palliative Care (PPC), motherhood in the context of severe cognitive impairment is shaped by unique emotional, relational, and identity-related challenges. Traditional understandings of maternal identity are s...
Introduction: Middle adolescence involves increasingly complex stressors, yet it remains unclear how coping strategies cluster into distinct profiles, how those profiles change across time, and whether profile structure is comparable across gender. W...
Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) preterm infants are at higher risk for oxidative stress-related complications than appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm infants. It has been proposed that HbF may be higher in SGA than in AGA infan...
Background/Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess muscle function while performing a motion task within the scanner. Quantitative measures such as contraction velocity and strain can be derived from the images. Cine phase...
Background/Objectives: This study aims to translate and validate the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) tool from English into Portuguese. Methods: SCALE was translated into Portuguese independently by two native Portuguese t...
Survival rates for children treated for malignant diseases continue to improve, yet many survivors face persistent late oral complications that affect function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Oncological therapy, especially at a young age and follo...
Background/Objectives: Cyber bystanders can choose from several different strategies during cyberbullying incidents and have a significant effect on the situation. Hence, cyber bystanders are specifically targeted by prevention programmes and researc...
Background and Objective: Clavicular pain and swelling in children can have multiple causes and often require a multidisciplinary approach. We aimed to describe the characteristics and final diagnoses of children with clavicular involvement and to re...
Purpose: Aeromonas species are emerging pathogens associated with a range of human infections, particularly gastroenteritis in the paediatric population. However, data on their molecular characteristics in Latvia and the wider Baltic region remain li...
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