Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Subjective Experiences of Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes at the Cognitive Level
This (the pink one on the left side) is very itchy. This (the red one on the right side) is comfortable, not itchy. One is on the left side and one is on the right side… because AD is just one thing. It is the same thing but there are two sides… The pink one represents mildness and gentleness. The color is not that heavy… The red one represents bleeding, itchy, and sensitivity… They are dinosaurs because they are fierce. It (AD) is very fierce, but it has a gentle side… I am inseparable from both of them… I’m standing in the middle. It (AD) is both, an enemy and a friend… (C14, female, 12 years old, severe)
AD is not a core memory… It (AD) can be taken away…Core memory is a good thing… The core memory is an island. When I started playing football, I really loved it. The island is based on my preference. I like playing football, and then I have the football island… At the beginning, there are memories of AD, but as you grow up, only the core memory stays here… Some things can be forgotten. (G12, male, 11 years old, severe)
I think it (AD) won’t be cured, but it may be better… I really want it to be better. In addition to speaking, I must work hard… rubbing the ointments on and not being lazy. (A12, female, 9 years old, severe)
I learned to play with other people and learned social skills… Sometimes we went to choose some prizes, and a child wanted that color of the prize, I also wanted that color… I often give these to others… I feel very happy… because I make other people happy. I am very satisfied with myself. (E02, female, 10 years old, moderate)
3.2. Changes at the Behavioral Level
I learned to relax myself. My mood is relaxed. I take a deep breath. I feel comfortable. My AD seems to be weak. (D08, male, 9 years old, moderate)
I think they are very mediocre. Sometimes people collectively say bad things about other people. Some people themselves are good, but they all join in. Being in a group (to bully) may be just for fun. (D06, female, 8 years old, severe)
I feel that normal people will not look at your skin or care if you have AD…If you have AD, don’t cover it. If you think that a person is really a friend, you can tell her directly that you have AD. Normally, if the person is a true and good friend, he or she won’t be particularly concerned about your appearance… Maybe these students (who bullied me) were too young at that time. They didn’t understand, and they couldn’t understand. This was also normal. I feel OK now. I am not angry now… It is actually a very small thing. (E02, female, 10 years old, moderate)
I left this annoying situation this month… I reported them for sending spam in the (WhatsApp) group… I destroyed this group… They verbally bullied me… I reported them and waited until the administrator removed this group. I feel very happy. (B06, male, 12 years old, moderate)
3.3. Changes at the Environmental Level
I made the handicraft with dad. He helped me to make it, and we showed it in front of everyone in the class. It’s a gift that I prepared for dad. We went back home and mounted the gift. I feel very happy and proud. (G16, male, 8 years old, severe)
They care more about me… (They did) less in the past. Now they care more than before. They are now often concerned about my condition in the school… If you didn’t talk about it (issues that happen at school) before, you always felt tired. I don’t know why. Now I’m not as tired after I say it. I don’t feel (as) tired as before. (B06, male, 12 years old, moderate)
All of them are friends… It It’s easy to get along with them… I felt very comfortable when chatting with them… We talked about a lot of things… I can chat with them very comfortably; there is not so much pressure… Everyone has AD, and there is not so much pressure when being together with them. (K07, female, 11 years old, severe)
We are friends… Maybe if they already have it (AD), they won’t mind others… I feel very happy. (A12, female, 9 years old, severe)
3.4. Changes at the Outcome Level
I learned teamwork. We did some exercises and did that together. I feel happy… not only myself… working with other people (with the same illness) and not alone. (D06, female, 8 years old, severe)
I felt that everyone has something in common, so I don’t have to cover up my AD… We could feel happier when playing together. We are not so constrained. There is no need to hide. (E02, female, 10 years old, moderate)
This is what I am doing from 10:00pm to 7:00am. I won’t wake up… I used to wake up when I was itchy, but now I didn’t know as I was asleep. I am very happy… I have not slept well before, and I used to sleep very late. I was not happy. I was very sleepy when I was in class previously… I feel spirited in class now, so happy… I used to rub on the ointment before class, but now I don’t need to rub the ointment on at school…It is not that itchy. I am happy. My AD used to be very, very, very fierce… I thought AD in the past was a million times horrible. It is now ten times horrible. (D06, female, 8 years old, severe)
4. Discussion
Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Service Centers | Selected Participants | |||||||||
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Age (Year) | Gender | Severity of AD | A | B | C | D | E | G | H | K | |
8 | Male | moderate | D02 | D02 | |||||||
9 | Male | moderate | D08 | H12 | K18 | D08 | |||||
10 | Male | moderate | / | ||||||||
11 | Male | moderate | K12 | K12 | |||||||
12 | Male | moderate | B06 | B06 | |||||||
8 | Male | severe | A07 | E09 | G16 | H22 | G16 | ||||
9 | Male | severe | H14 | K04 | H14 → H09 | ||||||
10 | Male | severe | A11 | C15 | G04 | H09 | C15 | ||||
11 | Male | severe | G12 | G12 | |||||||
12 | Male | severe | B03, B05 | C16 | B05 | ||||||
8 | Female | moderate | / | ||||||||
9 | Female | moderate | D04 | H08 | H08 | ||||||
10 | Female | moderate | E02 | E02 | |||||||
11 | Female | moderate | / | ||||||||
12 | Female | moderate | / | ||||||||
8 | Female | severe | D06 | D06 | |||||||
9 | Female | severe | A12 | C07, C13 | D14 | H20 | H20 + A12 | ||||
10 | Female | severe | C08 | H10, H11 | H10 | ||||||
11 | Female | severe | K07, K13 | K07 | |||||||
12 | Female | severe | C14 | H07 | C14 |
ID | Gender | Age (Year) | Total SCORAD Score | Severity of AD | Age at Diagnosis (Month) | Treatments Received | Other Conditions | Monthly Family Income (HKD) | NO. of Children at Home | NO. of Children with AD | Interview Duration (min) | |
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Time I | Time II | |||||||||||
A12 | Female | 9 | 78 | Severe | 6 | 123456 | / | NR | 2 | 2 | 75 | 52 |
B06 | Male | 12 | 43 | Moderate | 20 | 123467 | / | 20,000–29,999 | 3 | 1 | 34 | 50 |
C14 | Female | 12 | 94 | Severe | 3 | 12356 | / | 30,000–39,999 | 2 | 2 | 57 | 88 |
C15 | Male | 10 | 74 | Severe | 84 | 126 | ADHD | NR | 2 | 2 | 67 | 71 |
D06 | Female | 8 | 71 | Severe | 1 | 12356 | / | 60,000–69,999 | 2 | 1 | 65 | 68 |
D08 | Male | 9 | 46 | Moderate | 12 | 12367 | ASD | 30,000–39,999 | 2 | 1 | 23 | 29 |
E02 | Female | 10 | 40 | Moderate | 0 | 123456 | / | >or =80,000 | 2 | 2 | 62 | 60 |
G12 | Male | 11 | 78 | Severe | 2 | 1234567 | / | 10,000–19,999 | 1 | 1 | 66 | 48 |
G16 | Male | 8 | 63 | Severe | 3 | 1246 | Asthma | 20,000–29,999 | 2 | 2 | 47 | 62 |
H08 | Female | 9 | 25 | Moderate | 36 | 123456 | / | >or =80,000 | 1 | 1 | 66 | 46 |
H10 | Female | 10 | 63 | Severe | 48 | 1236 | AR | NR | 4 | 3 | 22 | 40 |
H20 | Female | 9 | 77 | Severe | 1 | 1236 | / | >or =80,000 | 1 | 1 | 60 | 41 |
K07 | Female | 11 | 82 | Severe | 3 | 123456 | / | 20,000–29,999 | 2 | 1 | 54 | 31 |
Themes and Codes |
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Theme 1: Physical experiences |
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Theme 2: Psychological experiences |
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Theme 3: Cognitive experiences |
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Theme 4: Social experiences |
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Theme 5: Coping strategies |
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Theme 6: Experiences in IBMS |
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© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Xie, Q.-W. Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Subjective Experiences of Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. Children 2023, 10, 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020395
Xie Q-W. Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Subjective Experiences of Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. Children. 2023; 10(2):395. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020395
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Qian-Wen. 2023. "Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Subjective Experiences of Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong" Children 10, no. 2: 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020395
APA StyleXie, Q. -W. (2023). Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Subjective Experiences of Children Living with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. Children, 10(2), 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020395