2024 February - 106 articles
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, HMGCR) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the mevalonate pathway required for cholesterol biosynthesis. It is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but has occa...
JNK is named after c-Jun N-terminal kinase, as it is responsible for phosphorylating c-Jun. As a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, JNK is also known as stress-activated kinase (SAPK) because it can be activated by extracel...
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), also known as premature menopause or premature ovarian failure, signifies the partial or complete loss of ovarian endocrine function and fertility before 40 years of age. This condition affects approximately 1%...
The serine peptidase CLPP is conserved among bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In humans and mice, its loss causes Perrault syndrome, which presents with growth deficits, infertility, deafness, and ataxia. In the filamentous fungus Podospora ...
The vaginal epithelial barrier, which integrates mechanical, immune, chemical, and microbial defenses, is pivotal in safeguarding against external pathogens and upholding the vaginal microecological equilibrium. Although the widely used metronidazole...
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is the end-stage of continuous inflammation and fibrosis in the pancreas evolving from acute- to recurrent acute-, early, and, finally, end-stage CP. Currently, prevention is the only way to reduce disease burden. In this se...
Bone is a site of distant metastases, which are a common cause of morbidity and mortality with a high socio-economic impact, for many malignant tumours. In order to engineer pharmacological therapies that are suitable for this debilitating disease, t...
Pulmonary fibrosis, severe alveolitis, and the inability to restore alveolar epithelial architecture are primary causes of respiratory failure in fatal COVID-19 cases. However, the factors contributing to abnormal fibrosis in critically ill COVID-19...
Adrenal function is essential for survival and well-being of preterm babies. In addition to glucocorticoids, it has been hypothesized that C19-steroids (DHEA-metabolites) from the fetal zone of the adrenal gland may play a role as endogenous neuropro...
P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a critical downstream target that mediates the effect of small Rho GTPase on the regulation of cytoskeletal kinetics, cell proliferation, and cell migration. PAK1 has been identified as a crucial regulator of spindle...
Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction of dietary constituents with taste and olfactory receptors and nociceptors expressed in the oral cavity, nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract regulate homeostasis through activation of the neur...
Sugarcane, a globally cultivated crop constituting nearly 80% of total sugar production, yields residues from harvesting and sugar production known for their renewable bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. Despite previous studies, th...
The role of Pleckstrin homology-like domain family B member 2 (PHLDB2) in the regulation of cell migration has been extensively studied. However, the exploration of PHLDB2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still limited in terms of...
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, acting as cellular “pumps,” facilitate solute translocation through membranes via ATP hydrolysis. Their overexpression is closely tied to multidrug resistance (MDR), a major obstacle in chemotherap...
Altered properties of fibrin clots have been associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, including hemophilia or trauma and heart attack or stroke. Clotting factors, such as thrombin and tissue factor, or blood plasma proteins, such as fibrino...
Neurointestinal diseases represent a significant challenge in clinical management with current palliative approaches failing to overcome disease and treatment-related morbidity. The recent progress with cell therapy to restore missing or defective co...
Mitophagy, a conserved cellular mechanism, is crucial for cellular homeostasis through the selective clearance of impaired mitochondria. Its emerging role in cancer development has sparked interest, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our stu...
Plant cuticular wax forms a hydrophobic structure in the cuticle layer covering epidermis as the first barrier between plants and environments. Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a leguminous desert shrub, exhibits high tolerances to multiple abiotic stress....
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health risk as a consequence of misuse of antibiotics. Owing to the increasing antimicrobial resistance, it became imperative to develop novel molecules and materials with antimicrobial proper...
The growth of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections necessitates focusing on host-derived immunotherapies. γδ T cells are an unconventional T cell subset, making up a relatively small portion of healthy circulating lymphocytes but a s...
We previously reported that acid-degradable methylated β-cyclodextrins (Me-β-CDs)-threaded polyrotaxanes (Me-PRXs) can induce autophagic cell death through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related autophagy, even in apoptosis-resistant cel...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a pivotal role in modulating intercellular communications between tumor cells and other cells in the microenvironment, thereby influencing tumo...
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), which play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune system, garner minimal attention in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The impact of primary liver cancers on PBLs remai...
Polyphenols, long-used components of medicinal plants, have drawn great interest in recent years as potential therapeutic agents because of their safety, efficacy, and wide range of biological effects. Approximately 75% of the world’s populatio...
Childhood maltreatment has been repeatedly linked to a higher incidence of health conditions with an underlying proinflammatory component, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Childhood maltreatme...
Considering the pivotal role of angiogenesis in solid tumor progression, we developed a novel series of quinazoline–thiazole hybrids (SA01–SA07) as antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic agents. Four out of the seven compounds displayed su...
Low-grade inflammation is closely linked to obesity and obesity-related comorbidities; therefore, immune cells have become an important topic in obesity research. Here, we performed a deep phenotypic characterization of circulating T cells in people...
In the example of a rat model with chronic hepatoencephalopathy (HE), changes in the organ morphology of rats affect the balance of metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and metabolites of the glutamine–glutamate (Gln-Glu) cycle, na...
The purpose of the current investigation was to produce cinammaldehyde-based chalcone derivatives (3a–k) to evaluate their potential effectiveness as antioxidant and inhibitory agents versus human Caco-2 cancer cells. The findings obtained usin...
Edible canna rhizomes contain extremely high levels of resistant starch among cereals and potatoes. We previously showed that feeding canna rhizome starch to mice may increase intestinal barrier function and improve the intestinal environment. Here,...
The protein 4.1R is an essential component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, serving as a key structural element and contributing to the regulation of the membrane’s physical properties, including mechanical stability and deformability, thr...
Nephrolithiasis is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and recurrence. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis remains incompletely understood, and effective prevention is lacking. An increasing body...
Background: In order to improve the control of atopic diseases, it is important to clarify the pathogenesis of atopy and identify its various triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) may impact atopy. The...
Niemann–Pick Disease (NPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease belonging to lysosomal storage disorders. Three types of NPD have been described: NPD type A, B, and C. NPD type A and B are caused by mutations in the gene SMPD1 coding for sphin...
Recent studies have shown that a pro-inflammatory diet and dysbiosis, especially a high level of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), are associated with various adverse health conditions. Cardiovascular diseases and pancreatic diseases are two major morbi...
Introduction: Increased theta and delta power and decreased alpha and beta power, measured with quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), have been demonstrated to have utility for predicting the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson&rs...
Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that is localized in the perinuclear region, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria, and is also associated with the plasma membrane. PON2 functions as an antioxidant en...
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic form of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it involves the development of multiple kidney cysts. Not enough medical breakthroughs have been made against PKD, a condition which features regiona...
Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular anti-oxidant defense mechanisms, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Redox metabolism, comprisin...
The prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is poorly understood. It is unclear how the presence of neutrophils affects prognosis due to their polarization into cytotoxic N1 or immuno...
To explore the developmental processes of epileptogenesis/ictogenesis, this study determined age-dependent functional abnormalities associated with purinergic transmission in a genetic rat model (S286L-TG) of autosomal-dominant sleep-related hypermot...
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may impact the development of prostate cancer (PCa) by altering the steroid metabolism. Although their exact mechanism of action in controlling tumor growth is not known, EDCs may inhibit steroidogenic enzymes su...
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have recently been implicated in the onset/progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRDs); therefore, the suppression of AGE-induced effects may be used in both the prevention and treatment of these diseases....
Recently, we described the alteration of six miRNAs in the serum of autistic children, their fathers, mothers, siblings, and in the sperm of autistic mouse models. Studies in model organisms suggest that noncoding RNAs participate in transcriptional...
Cancer has become one of the most multifaceted and widespread illnesses affecting human health, causing substantial mortality at an alarming rate. After cardiovascular problems, the condition has a high occurrence rate and ranks second in terms of mo...
Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of card...
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential in normal brain development, and cognitive and emotional functions. THs act through a cascade of events including uptake by the target cells by specific cell membrane transporters, activation or inactivation by de...
Adversity during early life, a critical period for brain development, increases vulnerability and can have a lasting impact on the brain and behaviour of a child. However, the long-term effects of cumulative early-life stressors on brain and behaviou...
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium, designated strain KMM 296, isolated from the coelomic fluid of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus, was investigated in detail due to its ability to produce a highly active alkal...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of disability and death. Maintenance use of inhaled bronchodilator(s) is the cornerstone of COPD pharmacological therapy, but inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are also commonly use...
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