Biomolecules, Volume 16, Issue 2

Embryo implantation presents a cell biological paradox: contact formation between the trophoblast of the blastocyst and the epithelial lining of the endometrium contradicts typical epithelial cell behaviour, as does the subsequent invasion needed for...

Background: When tumors are surgically removed, an immediate rise in circulating tumor cells is often observed, accompanied by several postoperative changes that can enable these cells to evade immune detection and metastasize. The perioperative peri...

In carbon monoxide (CO) therapy, CO is administered at low concentrations as a controlled solution; this approach enables the drug to achieve its cytoprotective properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and vasodilatory effects. CO the...

Impaired bone healing is a major challenge in orthopedic and trauma surgery, often causing long-term disability and high costs. While autologous bone grafting is the gold standard, it is limited by donor site morbidity, low availability, and surgical...

Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors constitute a distinct family of GPCRs expressed in some subsets of sensory neurons and immune cells. Increasing evidence highlights their contribution to the modulation of nociceptive signaling and neuroimmune...

Efficient and reproducible protein extraction is a critical prerequisite for high-quality proteomic and glycoproteomic analyses. In this study, four commonly used lysis buffers, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl), urea (UA)...

Mitochondria, the cell’s powerhouses, generate ATP to sustain essential biological functions. Dysfunctional mitochondria can lead to cell death and subsequent tissue damage. Mitochondrial impairment is a key driver of cellular dysfunction in ca...

In the original publication [...]

Copper and zinc nanoparticles have been suggested as potent anticancer agents, particularly against osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive bone cancer with limited treatment options. In order to avoid systemic toxicity, biomolecular carriers able to chela...

Resveratrol is a polyphenol with numerous beneficial properties, acting as a phytoalexin. Plants produce resveratrol in response to various types of stress, such as infections and external damage. Resveratrol is a natural medicine thanks to its antim...

COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is clinically defined by persistent symptoms that endure beyond acute infection and affect multiple organ systems, including the immune, cardiopulmonary, neurological, and metabolic axes....

The mitochondrial outer membrane (OMM) plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, organelle interactions, and stress responses. In peripheral neurons—cells with high metabolic demands and long...

This study systematically measured gross hair weight and hair length traits across five body regions of 759 Tianzhu White Yak individuals. The BSL trait exhibited moderate heritability, while the BL trait demonstrated high heritability (h² = 0.450)....

The Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa, endemic to Japan, exhibits both XY and ZW sex determination systems in different populations, representing a rare example of sex chromosome turnover within a single species. To explore the genetic basis of this ph...

Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial/cellular dynamics in ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Sodium-glucose-co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is, e.g., canagliflozin, CG) have been shown to mitigate I/R-induced AKI....

Splicing defects represent a significant class of human genetic disorders, yet strategies to directly correct aberrant splice-site recognition remain limited. The small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U1 plays a critical role in pre-messenger RNA splicing by bas...

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely utilised in the biopharmaceutical industry to produce therapeutic proteins. Understanding the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its interplay with protein degradation pathways remains piv...

Mitochondrial lipid metabolism is an emerging regulator of neuronal regeneration, yet its role remains poorly defined. We investigated the function of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD), a mitochondrial enzyme that converts phosphatidylserine to...

Analogs of tricyclic thiopurine nucleosides combine structural features of endogenous DNA adducts with efficient photosensitizing chromophores, making them valuable models for studying nucleic acid damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In...

The interaction between chrono-nutrition (dinner intake), glycemic index (GI), and the C358A variant of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), along with its impact on morning fasting insulin and glycemia, has not bee...

Viral helicases are conserved nucleic acid-dependent ATPases that drive genome replication, gene expression, and virion assembly, thereby playing a central role in viral replication and pathogenicity. Here, we discuss structural, biochemical, and vir...

In this perspective, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities in multi-omics, a rapidly evolving approach that integrates multiple molecular layers to advance our understanding of complex biological systems. As biomedical research moves to...

Metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), obesity, and dyslipidemia, impose a substantial and escalating global health burden, highlighting an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapies. Selective m...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention in cancer research, as they enable the regulation of the occurrence, progression, and metastasis of tumors. This narrative review summarizes studies published between 2020 and 2025 from...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, with limited response to conventional chemotherapies such as paclitaxel (PTX) due to poor solubility, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity. To address thes...

The Domain of Unknown Function 506 (DUF506) family, part of the PD-(D/E)XK nuclease superfamily, has been shown to play a vital role in plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. However, the function of the DUF506 family in cultivated pean...

Background: Obesity is associated with a broad range of complications that frequently develop before the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Identifying early metabolic markers associated with such complications is essential for improving risk...

Introduction: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) constitute a diverse population of cells involved in adaptive and innate immunity, playing an essential role in pathogen recognition, immune signaling, and immune response modulation. Vitamin D...

Vascular remodeling is a characteristic pathological feature of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis following vascular injury, hypertension, and aneurysms. The phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)...

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have emerged as a prevalent substitute for conventional cigarettes, garnering perceptions of being a safer option for health. Nicotine addicts use e-cigarettes to cease smoking. These products have also become com...

Human prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of prostaglandin H₂ (PGH2) to prostaglandin F₂α that plays a key role in regulating intraocular pressure and labor. Despite its physiological importance,...

Physically active individuals demonstrate enhanced immune competence. Efficient execution of effector function relies on chemokine receptor-regulated immune cell trafficking along chemokine gradients to sites of inflammation, infection, tumors, or ti...

Mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, are frequently associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and behavioral alterations that modulate their clinical expression and increase the risk of physical comorbidities. This cr...

Background: Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet perioperative immune responses in this population remain incompletely characterized. This study investigated perioperative cyt...

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) functions as a DNA sensor in the cytoplasm, triggering immune responses, but it is also translocated to the nucleus, where it is kept catalytically inactive. It consists of an unstructured N-terminal domain of around 16...

Chronic pain is a highly prevalent and disabling condition with a well-documented female predominance in incidence, severity and persistence. These sex differences are driven by sexually dimorphic neuroimmune mechanisms rather than psychosocial facto...

OGG1 and MUTYH are base excision repair (BER) DNA glycosylases (DGs) from the Helix–hairpin–Helix superfamily responsible for initiating and coordinating the repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG), and its replication-derived mispair wit...

Polyamine homeostasis is essential for normal cellular function and is maintained through coordinated regulation of polyamine biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This balance is frequently disrupted in breast cancer, a biologically heterogeneous...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy showing elevated incidence in East and Southeast Asia. Early detection remains vital, as molecular abnormalities precede visible histological changes du...

Food allergy is an increasing global health burden, particularly in industrialized countries, with rising prevalence in both pediatric and adult populations. It is characterized by exaggerated immune responses to innocuous dietary antigens, leading t...

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons and skeletal muscle, ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death, typically within 3–5 years following di...

Cancer immunoprevention leverages the immune system’s surveillance mechanisms to mitigate tumor development. Vaccines that constitute a tumor antigen and an immune adjuvant are perceived as immunoprevention modalities. However, relevant tumor a...

Despite the central role of the gustatory nervous system in regulating feeding behavior in the larvae of the major agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera, the systemic molecular basis of this process is largely unknown. To investigate the molecular b...

AS, one of the most common forms of valvular heart disease, requiring intervention in aging populations in Europe and North America, has traditionally been viewed as a passive, degenerative condition. However, growing evidence supports a paradigm shi...

The Group-1 carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) secretes the serine protease high-temperature requirement A (HtrA), which is directly involved in the disruption of the epithelial barrier in the stomach. HtrA cleaves the extracellular domains o...

Aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with profound changes in glial cell morphology and signaling. This study investigates the three-dimensional morphology of microglia and the intracellular localization of phosphorylated SMAD prot...

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a particularly lethal gynecological malignancy with few treatment options due to its late-stage diagnosis, extensive genetic heterogeneity, and frequent development of resistance to existing therapies. Immunotherapy has revolut...

Driven by rapid socioeconomic progress and changing lifestyles, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continues to escalate, with surging morbidity and mortality rates imposing a severe threat to public health. Clinical treatments are f...

Pathogens causing candidiasis encompass a diverse group of ascomycetous yeasts that have become essential models for studying fungal adaptability, pathogenicity, and host–pathogen interactions. Although many candidiasis-promoting species exist...

The role of extracellular vesicle non-coding RNAs in host–parasite interactions remains poorly understood, particularly for human liver flukes. Although tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are emerging as new regulatory molecules in parasite exoso...