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Adm. Sci., Volume 13, Issue 2 (February 2023) – 40 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Current research aims to understand the relationship between brand love and other behavioral constructs, including brand attachment, brand satisfaction, brand loyalty, and positive word of mouth, as well as its influence on consumer behavior in the Portuguese automotive market. The results reveal that brand attachment and satisfaction have a positive influence on brand love, which has a positive influence on brand loyalty and positive word of mouth. This article presents some insights from the perspective of digital marketing (i.e., e-WOM and social networks). At the end, the limitations of the study will be presented, and guidelines for future research will be outlined. View this paper
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16 pages, 970 KiB  
Article
Preserving Heritage of Humanity: A Systematic Study of the Pandemic Impacts and Countermeasures of the SMEs
by Erlinda Nusron Yunus, Erni Ernawati, Endah Nuraini and Kartika Yuniarti
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020065 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
This study explores the most significant changes experienced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reveals the SMEs’ strategies to survive and prosper amid the crisis. These actions are becoming increasingly invaluable and crucial for entrepreneurs in [...] Read more.
This study explores the most significant changes experienced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reveals the SMEs’ strategies to survive and prosper amid the crisis. These actions are becoming increasingly invaluable and crucial for entrepreneurs in the heritage of humanity, such as Indonesian batik, who must stay in business to preserve national culture. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 42 relevant articles published between 2020 and the present and furthers the investigation using the Most Significant Change technique, involving in-depth interviews with 15 SME entrepreneurs. The results show that Indonesian batik SMEs struggled during the pandemic and experienced at least a 70% revenue reduction. Those who survived implemented retrenchment, persevering, and innovation strategies to achieve their short- and long-term goals. A temporary exit strategy was also applied in which business actors engaged in a different, more profitable business while awaiting normalcy. This study also found that true entrepreneurs’ qualities, namely creativity and resilience, emerge in exceptionally difficult business situations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategic Management for Cultural and Creative Industries)
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11 pages, 271 KiB  
Concept Paper
Research on Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights and Future Directions
by Buthiena Kharabsheh, Hussam Al-Shammari and Khaled Bataineh
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020064 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 17036
Abstract
Our current review paper aims to discuss the various issues pertaining to the future research avenues of CSR, and possible expansions that this scholarly field could have considering the growing interests from numerous academic disciplines and practitioners across the globe. In particular, we [...] Read more.
Our current review paper aims to discuss the various issues pertaining to the future research avenues of CSR, and possible expansions that this scholarly field could have considering the growing interests from numerous academic disciplines and practitioners across the globe. In particular, we briefly discuss the work that has been performed on CSR, major theories that guided this area of research, and a summary of prior research findings. Then, we suggest future directions on specific drivers that motivate firms to engage in CSR activities. Specifically, we provide insights on how research should focus on within-firm variables, namely personality traits of TMTs and their possible impact on their firms’ stances towards CSR. We also briefly discuss the need for more advanced method of CSR rankings that takes into account consumers’ perception about the existing CSR rankings, such as KDL, and also consumers’ satisfaction and responses towards firms’ CSR. Finally, we highlight the need for two separate measurements of CSR; a measure that speaks to external stakeholders of the firm, and another measure that speaks to the internal stakeholders of the firm. Full article
17 pages, 440 KiB  
Article
Towards a Funambulist Leadership in Researchers Well-Being: Managing Equilibriums and Tensions in the Hybrid Work Era
by Jacinto G. Lorca and Simone Belli
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020063 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
The chaotic adaptation to hybrid work during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that workers still do not know how professional dynamics function correctly in this new context. In this paper, we focus on new issues that have arisen in this era of hybrid [...] Read more.
The chaotic adaptation to hybrid work during the COVID-19 pandemic has meant that workers still do not know how professional dynamics function correctly in this new context. In this paper, we focus on new issues that have arisen in this era of hybrid work, with the aim of improving performance, conciliation, and well-being in the specific professional environments of universities and research institutes. We will show the results from a non-representative survey comprising 451 scientists. Aspects such as management and leadership over their work, the purpose to achieve something innovative in their work, and promoting well-being in their work spaces and co-workers, have been observed and identified in the survey. The figure of a leader emerges as someone who is communicative, collaborative, and that helps colleagues and their professional development. We suggest that a tightrope walker leader, that is, one who knows how to strike a balance between individual needs and collective interests, could be the key to ensuring the well-being of scientists. Full article
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26 pages, 3816 KiB  
Article
A New Approach for Agile Teams’ Allocation in Open Innovation Projects
by Vitor Anes, António Abreu, Ana Dias and João Calado
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020062 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2458
Abstract
Due to constant change in the marketplace, it can be difficult for companies to secure the material, human, and technological resources necessary for competitive innovation activities. In this sense, and to overcome these constraints, the open innovation model is a quite successful approach, [...] Read more.
Due to constant change in the marketplace, it can be difficult for companies to secure the material, human, and technological resources necessary for competitive innovation activities. In this sense, and to overcome these constraints, the open innovation model is a quite successful approach, where the sharing of resources among companies allows the formation of an innovation ecosystem. However, the execution time of these projects can be negatively affected if the performance of each work team is not taken into account. In this work, the application of the agile approach in open innovation projects is proposed as a way to reduce the uncertainty both in the execution time of the projects and in the respective implementation costs. In this sense, a methodology for optimal team assignment for agile teams in open innovation projects according to their performance on each project task is developed to determine the optimal team assignment that leads to the shortest project execution time. This methodology will support decision making in the project management of open innovation projects, especially in the selection of the internal and external work teams that will participate in a given innovation project. The application of the proposed methodology is illustrated with an example describing and analyzing the different steps of its application. The results show that with the proposed methodology it is possible to take into account the performance of each team when calculating the project execution time and that the project execution time varies depending on the assignment of the agile teams to the project tasks. It is also shown that it is possible to determine the optimal assignment with the shortest project execution time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
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12 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
The Determinants of TCFD Reporting: A Focus on the Italian Context
by Salvatore Principale and Simone Pizzi
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020061 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3126
Abstract
The recommendations of the Task Force on Climate Change Disclosure (TCFD) represent fundamental guidelines for managing climate-change-related risks. Indeed, the TCFD outlines good practices for integrated risk management as well as aims to protect investors and stakeholders through a more transparent and complete [...] Read more.
The recommendations of the Task Force on Climate Change Disclosure (TCFD) represent fundamental guidelines for managing climate-change-related risks. Indeed, the TCFD outlines good practices for integrated risk management as well as aims to protect investors and stakeholders through a more transparent and complete disclosure on the subject. However, the adoption of the recommendations was slow and differentiated between countries. The study aims to analyze the determinants that have influenced the voluntary choice of companies to adopt the TCFD recommendations. Using a logistic regression on a sample of Italian public interest entities, the results show that the size of the board, the integration of ESG risks, and the size of the company are variables that influenced the managers’ decision to adopt the guidelines. Full article
14 pages, 1033 KiB  
Article
Gender Differences in Inflation Expectations: Recent Evidence from India
by Swapnil Virendra Chalwadi, Preeti Tushar Joshi, Nitin Mohanlal Sharma, Chaitanya Gite and Sangita Salve
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020060 - 14 Feb 2023
Viewed by 4220
Abstract
This study investigates gender disparities in inflation expectations in India using data from the Reserve Bank of India’s Households’ Inflation Expectations Survey (March 2011 to September 2022). To determine these differences, the authors analyze the expectations of future prices for various categories including [...] Read more.
This study investigates gender disparities in inflation expectations in India using data from the Reserve Bank of India’s Households’ Inflation Expectations Survey (March 2011 to September 2022). To determine these differences, the authors analyze the expectations of future prices for various categories including food products, nonfood products, household durables, housing, and general prices for both a short-term horizon (the next three months) and a long-term horizon (one year ahead). The authors employ independent sample t test, ordinary least square (OLS) regression, and ordinal logistic regression (OLOGIT) models to assess the average inflation expectations disparities between genders. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between gender and inflation expectations, with the findings indicating that, on average, females exhibit higher inflation expectations compared to males. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Development)
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16 pages, 1077 KiB  
Article
Grounded Theory—An Illustrative Application in the Portuguese Footwear Industry
by Mónica Monteiro, Álvaro Rosa, Adelaide Martins and Shital Jayantilal
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020059 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2672
Abstract
Grounded theory is an inductive research methodology aiming at the construction of new concepts or new theories able to explain emerging phenomena. The objective of this paper is to provide insights on the usage of grounded theory in management research. We showcase how [...] Read more.
Grounded theory is an inductive research methodology aiming at the construction of new concepts or new theories able to explain emerging phenomena. The objective of this paper is to provide insights on the usage of grounded theory in management research. We showcase how grounded theory can bring light to development modes of Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in the specific reality of the footwear industry, where a changing and unpredictable environment threatens constant loss of competitive advantage. An interpretive–epistemological research philosophy was adopted, and evidence was gathered through nine semi-structured interviews. Portugal is currently a reference in the international footwear market and the sustainability of the sector plays an important role in the Portuguese industrial structure. This study highlights how the method of grounded theory can add value to research by uncovering complex managerial realities and develop new questions and issues for theory building. Full article
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25 pages, 387 KiB  
Article
Remote Work in Peru during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Alexander Frank Pasquel Cajas, Verónica Tomasa Cajas Bravo and Roberto Carlos Dávila Morán
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020058 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3906
Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of remote work in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study will allow exploring the advantages, disadvantages, challenges and opportunities that Peruvian remote workers face during this crisis scenario. This was [...] Read more.
The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics of remote work in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the study will allow exploring the advantages, disadvantages, challenges and opportunities that Peruvian remote workers face during this crisis scenario. This was a basic-type, descriptive-level study employing a quantitative approach and a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 275 workers from two companies located in Metropolitan Lima, and the data were collected in the year 2021. A questionnaire with 30 questions was proposed for data collection; it was validated by three experts, and its reliability was α = 0.85. The findings of the remote work variable place it at a medium level with 40.73%; in the flexibility dimension, the medium level prevailed with 42.55%; the autonomy dimension exhibited a high level with 41.09%; and the productivity dimension exhibited a medium level with 43.64%. In the technology dimension, the low level prevailed with 36.36%, while the psychosocial risks dimension exhibited a medium level with 33.18%. In conclusion, the characterization of remote work in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to establish the most relevant aspects that affected workers who migrated to this form of work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace)
16 pages, 1430 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Pricing Models and Negotiating Agents: Developments in Management Accounting
by Edgard Bruno Cornacchione, Luciane Reginato, Joshua Onome Imoniana and Marcelo Souza
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020057 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3802
Abstract
Linking decision systems, negotiating agents, management accounting, and computational accounting, this paper aims at exploring dynamic pricing strategies of a synthetic business-to-consumer online operation and a comparative analysis of evolving strategy-specific pricing optimization. Five price models based on market, utility, or demand information [...] Read more.
Linking decision systems, negotiating agents, management accounting, and computational accounting, this paper aims at exploring dynamic pricing strategies of a synthetic business-to-consumer online operation and a comparative analysis of evolving strategy-specific pricing optimization. Five price models based on market, utility, or demand information (three single and two combined), merging online and offline data, are explored over a seven-day period and with twenty selected products. A total of 17,529 website visits and 538 agent negotiations are studied (94,607 main data points) using a Python solution, with model simulation parameters and assumptions described. Findings show the combined market-utility-demand performance of dynamic pricing to be superior as an input to the negotiating agent. Contributions are threefold, pointing to (a) management accounting practice and research (dynamic pricing), (b) science and research strategy (method), and (c) accounting education (skill set). Full article
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16 pages, 1656 KiB  
Article
GIANN—A Methodology for Optimizing Competitiveness Performance Assessment Models for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
by Jones Luís Schaefer, Paulo Roberto Tardio, Ismael Cristofer Baierle and Elpidio Oscar Benitez Nara
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020056 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2028
Abstract
The adoption of models based on key performance indicators to diagnose and evaluate the competitiveness of companies has been presented as a trend in the operations’ management. These models are structured with different variables in complex interrelationships, making diagnosis and monitoring difficult due [...] Read more.
The adoption of models based on key performance indicators to diagnose and evaluate the competitiveness of companies has been presented as a trend in the operations’ management. These models are structured with different variables in complex interrelationships, making diagnosis and monitoring difficult due to the number of variables involved, which is one of the main management challenges of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. In this sense, this article proposes the Gain Information Artificial Neural Network (GIANN) method. GIANN is a method to optimize the number of variables of assessment models for the competitiveness and operational performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. GIANN is a hybrid methodology combining Multi-attribute Utility Theory with Entropy and Information Gain concepts and computational modeling through Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network. The model used in this article integrates variables such as fundamental points of view, critical success factors, and key performance indicators. GIANN was validated through a survey of managers of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Southern Brazil. The initial model was adjusted, reducing the number of key performance indicators by 39% while maintaining the accuracy of the results of the competitiveness measurement. With GIANN, the number of variables to be monitored decreases considerably, facilitating the management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Full article
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22 pages, 559 KiB  
Article
Occupational Stress-Induced Consequences to Employees in the Context of Teleworking from Home: A Preliminary Study
by Agota Giedrė Raišienė, Evelina Danauskė, Karolina Kavaliauskienė and Vida Gudžinskienė
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020055 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6313
Abstract
Challenges when many people moved their jobs from the office to home because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have put stress on employees’ daily routine and professional lives. This article investigated the experience of individuals working not at the office and disclosed consequences of [...] Read more.
Challenges when many people moved their jobs from the office to home because of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions have put stress on employees’ daily routine and professional lives. This article investigated the experience of individuals working not at the office and disclosed consequences of occupational stress such as mental and physical exhaustion, social deprivation, decreased work commitment, professional cynicism, and professional burnout. The preliminary study was based on a survey of 202 employees in Lithuania who were teleworking from home throughout the pandemic. According to the results, it can be assumed that teleworking had rather negative effects on employee wellbeing, as many teleworkers tended to suffer mental and physical exhaustion and social deprivation when working from home within pandemic. The psycho-emotional state of employees seems to be a key factor influencing the intellectual resources of an organization in a period of uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19-Related Mental Health Effects in the Workplace)
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13 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Cross-Border Provision of Services: Case Study in the Slovak Republic
by Daniela Nováčková, Lucia Paškrtová and Jana Vnuková
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020054 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
The European Union places great emphasis on removing obstacles within its internal market, which is considered a fundamental pillar of European economic integration. By way of legal acts, the conditions for the functioning freedoms of the internal market are harmonized in all EU [...] Read more.
The European Union places great emphasis on removing obstacles within its internal market, which is considered a fundamental pillar of European economic integration. By way of legal acts, the conditions for the functioning freedoms of the internal market are harmonized in all EU Member States. In our study, we focus on freedom to provide services, in order to clarify the system and conditions for providing cross-border services and to identify concrete entities providing this kind of services in Slovakia. The subject of the study is the provision of services by foreign entities in the territory of the Slovak Republic, who have already obtained authorization to perform the services on the territory of their Member State of establishment in accordance with Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on services in the internal market (OJ L 376, 27 December 2006, pp. 36–68). At the same time, the study also focuses on the system of taxation of cross-border services. Based on facts and data obtained from the Register of Cross-border Services, we have identified areas of providing cross-border services in Slovakia. In our study, we have applied the methods of comparative analysis, legal research, the study of literature, and the decisions of the EU Court of Justice. The study also includes clarification of the concept of cross-border provision of services. Full article
20 pages, 744 KiB  
Article
Motivations of Volunteering during Crises—Perspectives of Polish Youths during the Ukrainian Refugee Crisis
by Debashish Sengupta, Aniisu K. Verghese and Maciej Rys
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020053 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
Volunteering work has always played a key role in dealing with crises around the world. Understanding the motivations behind volunteering during a crisis could not only explain such behaviour but also become a guide for the government for future policies, to non-governmental organizations [...] Read more.
Volunteering work has always played a key role in dealing with crises around the world. Understanding the motivations behind volunteering during a crisis could not only explain such behaviour but also become a guide for the government for future policies, to non-governmental organizations for attracting and recruiting more volunteers, for companies to attract and engage young talent and for society to encourage volunteering more. The present military conflict between Russia and Ukraine has resulted in an influx of over six million Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Given the phenomenal response of Polish people towards welcoming the Ukrainian refugees and, in general, the favourable attitude of the youth in Poland towards extending humanitarian aid to them, our present study examines the motivations of Polish youths behind volunteering during crises. The study also examined how volunteering has influenced their lives and future, besides understanding the barriers to volunteering. The research participants were Polish youths aged between 17–30 years of age. The participants were from both genders, students as well as working professionals. To take part, they had to prove that they took an active role in volunteering during a crisis and were able to share their personal stories and emotions in English. The findings of the research revealed normative, hedonic, eudaimonic and personal motivators behind volunteering during crises, with greater dominance of hedonic motivators, followed by normative, then eudaimonic and personal motivators. The influence of a mix of collectivist and individualistic cultures of Poland, with a progressive lean towards individualism, is clear in shaping the motivations behind the volunteering of these Polish youths. The role of intrinsic motivation is more pronounced when it comes to volunteering during crises. Full article
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19 pages, 899 KiB  
Article
Strategic Approach to Configurational Analysis of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategic Networking, and SME Performance within Emerging Markets of Selected Southeast European Countries
by Bojan Morić Milovanović, Mirjana Grčić Fabić and Vjekoslav Bratić
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020052 - 9 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2154
Abstract
The beneficial relationship of entrepreneurial orientation with performance has been extensively acknowledged in the literature. However, empirical evidence is not straightforward and requires consideration of the interplay of different variables, context, and rationales through which this causal complexity of the performance-enhancing mechanism of [...] Read more.
The beneficial relationship of entrepreneurial orientation with performance has been extensively acknowledged in the literature. However, empirical evidence is not straightforward and requires consideration of the interplay of different variables, context, and rationales through which this causal complexity of the performance-enhancing mechanism of entrepreneurial orientation influences firm performance. In this paper we examine the way the entrepreneurial behavior of the organization unfolds and affects performance through specific configurations resulting from the simultaneous interaction of strategic networking and dynamic environment in the setting of Southeast European SMEs. We apply hierarchical regression to a sample of 963 small and medium-sized enterprises. Empirical findings provide support for applying the configurational approach and show that companies of high entrepreneurial orientation and high strategic networking operating in a dynamic environment achieve the highest effect on a business performance. Research results further indicate that strategic networking is a mechanism that achieves the greatest efficiency in a dynamic environment and with the presence of a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation. According to the research results, implications for research and practice are suggested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Collaboration Networks, Organizations, and Innovation)
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23 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Warehouse Value-Added Services Using Pareto as a Quality Tool: A Case Study of Third-Party Logistics Service Provider
by Luay Jum’a and Muath Esam Basheer
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020051 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5660
Abstract
The study aims to analyse warehouse value-added services (VAS) data for a third-party logistics (3PL) service provider, which leads to identifying service improvements and cost-cutting opportunities in performing VAS for clients using Pareto analysis as a quality tool. Using a case study approach, [...] Read more.
The study aims to analyse warehouse value-added services (VAS) data for a third-party logistics (3PL) service provider, which leads to identifying service improvements and cost-cutting opportunities in performing VAS for clients using Pareto analysis as a quality tool. Using a case study approach, qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a leading 3PL firm in Belgium. The approach is conducted by applying major steps of Pareto analysis. Two pharmaceutical products were analysed according to medical general classification, namely narcotic analgesics (NA) and ophthalmic antihistamines and decongestants (OAD). The results showed that the Pareto principle is proven in the NA—ticketing case, and five activities consumed 83.3 percent of the total time of VAS operations. Furthermore, in the OAD—display case, the Pareto principle is proven and six activities were validated as they accounted for 81.26 percent of the total time of primary VAS operations. The study recommended a solution to each of the four causes of delay, including lack of training/best practices, inefficient space utilization, lack of automation, and lack of cohesiveness and planning. Despite the recognized importance of avoiding warehouse operation inefficiencies, the literature lacks studies applied to practice, and few contributions exist regarding analysing 3PL service providers’ warehousing VAS operations data. This study identified all VAS activities for temperature-controlled pharmaceutical products. Moreover, the study proposes a warehouse operations improvement framework for non-automated 3PL warehouses and guides managers through Pareto analysis to cut costs and improve service level. Full article
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14 pages, 1034 KiB  
Article
“Entrepreneurizing” College Programs to Increase Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Mediation Framework
by Mahmoud Ibrahim Fallatah and Tahar Lazhar Ayed
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020050 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2476
Abstract
The impact of entrepreneurship on the development of emerging economies is widely recognized. Research has focused on studying factors that increase entrepreneurship in societies, including the role of education in increasing entrepreneurial intentions among students. In this paper, we contribute to the entrepreneurship [...] Read more.
The impact of entrepreneurship on the development of emerging economies is widely recognized. Research has focused on studying factors that increase entrepreneurship in societies, including the role of education in increasing entrepreneurial intentions among students. In this paper, we contribute to the entrepreneurship and education literature by examining the impact of entrepreneurial college programs on entrepreneurial intentions. Further, we study the mediating roles of perceived benefits and individual creativity. Using a sample of 438 students from a public university in Saudi Arabia, our findings reveal that students enrolled in entrepreneurial programs have higher levels of entrepreneurial intentions that those enrolled in non-entrepreneurial programs, and that perceived benefits and individual creativity partially mediate the aforementioned relationship. The paper opens the door for future research in the entrepreneurship and education literature and provides several managerial implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Role of Universities in Entrepreneurship Education)
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12 pages, 307 KiB  
Article
Supporting Knowledge Workers’ Health and Well-Being in the Post-Lockdown Era
by Tatiana Harkiolakis and Marcos Komodromos
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020049 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3333
Abstract
The specific problem is that knowledge workers experience high levels of stress and burnout in their professional lives, a trend that increased due to the transition to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. This integrative literature review addresses this problem by answering the [...] Read more.
The specific problem is that knowledge workers experience high levels of stress and burnout in their professional lives, a trend that increased due to the transition to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. This integrative literature review addresses this problem by answering the following research questions: (1) How can working in the post-lockdown era allow greater well-being, job satisfaction, and job security to abide?; and (2) How can mental capital be increased in the 21st century to ensure maximum health and positive well-being in the future employment arena and on a global scale? This review contributes to the literature on worker health and wellbeing, hybrid work arrangements, and knowledge workers’ professional experiences. The findings suggest that knowledge workers can only thrive in a hybrid work environment if organizations take an empathetic approach to manage these workers and give them sufficient autonomy and flexibility in determining their work conditions, in addition to ample opportunities for social interaction and professional advancement. Full article
13 pages, 345 KiB  
Article
Do Taxes Still Affect Earning Persistence?
by Ângela Pereira, Cláudia Pereira, Luís Gomes and Armindo Lima
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020048 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
While financial statements are the primary source of information about a firm, they tend to be under earnings management practices, namely to avoid paying tax. Therefore, we aim to examine whether taxes still affect earning persistence in an era of prevalent digital information. [...] Read more.
While financial statements are the primary source of information about a firm, they tend to be under earnings management practices, namely to avoid paying tax. Therefore, we aim to examine whether taxes still affect earning persistence in an era of prevalent digital information. For that purpose, we use book–tax differences considering the deductible temporary differences and the taxable temporary differences. In addition, we analyze which of the two earnings components are more affected by taxes, specifically cash flow or accruals. We estimate econometric regressions using panel data to test our hypotheses. Through a sample of 421 small- and medium-sized (SME) Portuguese firms, between 2016 and 2020, we found empirical evidence that earning persistence tends to be lower when deductible temporary differences increase, while taxable temporary differences produce no statically significant effect. Furthermore, our results suggest that cash flow component increases more earning persistence than accruals. Therefore, deductible temporary difference may be an indicator of earnings management activities in these firms. These results are relevant, given the potential negative consequences of earnings management for the efficient decision making of stakeholders and even more because SMEs represent a substantial number of firms in European countries, particularly in Portugal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Strategic Management)
21 pages, 553 KiB  
Article
Leadership Styles and Innovation Management: What Is the Role of Human Capital?
by Joana Costa, Mariana Pádua and António Carrizo Moreira
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020047 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 20648
Abstract
Leadership styles and human capital are important drivers of innovation processes. The way the leader interacts with the organization members can pre-empt or leverage innovation processes as leaders influence, empower and motivate other individuals in the achievement of their goals. Human capital is [...] Read more.
Leadership styles and human capital are important drivers of innovation processes. The way the leader interacts with the organization members can pre-empt or leverage innovation processes as leaders influence, empower and motivate other individuals in the achievement of their goals. Human capital is an important driver of innovation and competitiveness, as it will shape the uniqueness of the company as well as the process to obtain skills, capabilities, knowledge and expertise. As such, the main objectives of the paper are to analyze the impact of leadership styles on the innovation process and also to address the moderation effect of the human capital on the previous relation. Four leadership styles—autocratic, transactional, democratic, and transformational—were considered to measure their impacts on the innovation process, considering the alternative types of innovations. The 2018 Community Innovation Survey (CIS) database was used, encompassing Portuguese data, covering the 2016–2018 period, with a sample of 13702 firms. In regard to the empirical part, first, an exploratory analysis was run to better understand the connection between the leadership styles and the innovative strategies followed by an econometric estimation encompassing 28 logit models to disentangle the specific impacts of each leader on each innovation type. Evidence proves that autocratic and transactional leadership styles have a negative impact on innovation and transformational and democratic leadership impact innovation positively. Furthermore, human capital was found to moderate the relationship between leadership styles and the innovation process; i.e., under the same leadership style, the presence of additional skills leverages innovative propensity. The paper brings relevant insights for both managers and policymakers, highlighting that innovation will be accelerated if firms implement more participatory (democratic and transformational) leadership styles and also if they invest in competences to promote knowledge internalization and share. All in all, participatory leadership combined with the internal skills is proved to be an efficient combination for innovation to take place; as such, policy instruments must promote the coexistence of these two factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leadership Effectiveness and Development)
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19 pages, 805 KiB  
Article
Healthy and Happy Citizens: The Opportunities and Challenges of Co-Producing Citizens’ Health and Well-Being in Vulnerable Neighborhoods
by Carola Van Eijk, Wilma Van der Vlegel-Brouwer and Jet Bussemaker
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020046 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3098
Abstract
This explorative study aims to contribute to the debate about citizen involvement in (complex) medical and social issues. Our research goals are: (1) to explore the main opportunities, threats and challenges to co-producing healthcare in vulnerable communities from the perspective of professionals, co-producers [...] Read more.
This explorative study aims to contribute to the debate about citizen involvement in (complex) medical and social issues. Our research goals are: (1) to explore the main opportunities, threats and challenges to co-producing healthcare in vulnerable communities from the perspective of professionals, co-producers (i.e., citizens with a volunteering role) and service users (i.e., patients); (2) to distil lessons for public managers concerning the main issues involved in designing co-production initiatives. We studied co-production initiatives in the Dutch city, The Hague. These initiatives were part of a broader, unique movement named ‘Healthy and Happy The Hague’, which aims to change the way healthcare/social services are provided. Two intertwined research projects combine insights from interviews, focus group meetings and observations. The first project analyzed a variety of existing co-production initiatives in several neighborhoods; the second project involved longitudinal participatory action research on what stakeholders require to engage in co-production. The two research projects showed similarities and differences in the observed opportunities/treats/challenges. The study found that empowering citizens in their role as co-producers requires major changes in the professionals’ outlook and supporting role in the communities. It illustrates the potential of synergizing insights from healthcare governance and public administration co-production literature to benefit co-production practice. Full article
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14 pages, 508 KiB  
Article
Women and Leadership in the Jordanian Armed Forces
by Amani Al-Serhan, Raeda Saada and Niveen Alsayyed
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020045 - 6 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2880
Abstract
Ever since gaining approval to be admitted to the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), Jordanian women have become more visible in this sector. Women were recruited in various fields across the military, including administrative posts, education, and human resources. There is a noticeable gap [...] Read more.
Ever since gaining approval to be admitted to the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), Jordanian women have become more visible in this sector. Women were recruited in various fields across the military, including administrative posts, education, and human resources. There is a noticeable gap in the number of women reaching leadership positions despite the quality of their work and their tremendous contributions in this sector. The present study aims to explore the correlation between military culture and environment and women’s perceptions of leadership by drawing on quantitative data from female personnel at Al-Hussein Medical Center (HMC). A five-point Likert scale was adopted in the current questionnaire to test the extent of agreement with question items suggested for each aspect of work culture and environment construct. The results demonstrate that women at HMC perceive their work culture and environment positively, which in turn reflects their positive perceptions about their quality of work and their ability to lead. The female participants at HMC demonstrate positive perceptions of gender that challenge prevailing gender norms through gaining necessary support and opportunities for career advancement. The study results imply that supportive work environments have a greater impact on women’s aspirations to become leaders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Development)
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17 pages, 304 KiB  
Article
Competences That Foster Digital Transformation of Public Administrations: An Austrian Case Study
by Noella Edelmann, Ines Mergel and Thomas Lampoltshammer
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020044 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4784
Abstract
Digitalisation has changed society, and, as a result, public administrations are required to undergo significant changes to satisfy emergent societal needs. These changes impact all areas of the public sector, including the development and provision of digital services, the design of processes, and [...] Read more.
Digitalisation has changed society, and, as a result, public administrations are required to undergo significant changes to satisfy emergent societal needs. These changes impact all areas of the public sector, including the development and provision of digital services, the design of processes, and the development of policy. To implement the digital strategies and transformation requirements, public administrations must rethink the competences that their workforce as well as the external stakeholders may need. To understand how one nation implements its digital strategy and upskills its civil servants, we conducted a qualitative analysis of 41 Austrian expert interviews. The research shows that different stakeholders require a variety of competences to participate in the digital transformation of its processes and services. The results demonstrate the high level of diversity and the need for a holistic approach to tackle the complexity of the digital public sector, where leadership plays the most important role. In addition, the study shows that the use of competence frameworks for measurement and monitoring needs to be adapted to the local context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies and Institutional Change in Public Administration)
21 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Sustainability on Co-Creation of Digital Public Services
by Noella Edelmann and Shefali Virkar
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020043 - 5 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3469
Abstract
Co-creation focuses on engagement with citizens and other stakeholders with public administrations to develop innovative processes or public services. The integration of resources and knowledge mediated by technology can lead to the emergence of novel outcomes (such as products, services, processes, and social [...] Read more.
Co-creation focuses on engagement with citizens and other stakeholders with public administrations to develop innovative processes or public services. The integration of resources and knowledge mediated by technology can lead to the emergence of novel outcomes (such as products, services, processes, and social practices), but it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that lead to sustainable co-created innovation and outcomes. The aim of this research article is to contribute a more nuanced understanding of the impact of sustainability on co-creation of digital public services. To study co-creation and sustainability in the context of the public administrations in depth, a qualitative research approach was used. The data were collected through moderated discussions conducted during a workshop held with 20 experts and practitioners in the field of public sector digital transformation, during which participants shared their views and experiences in a free-flowing conversation. A systematic two-cycle analysis approach based on Grounded Theory was used to code and analyse the data collected. Results from this study focus on developing a common understanding of sustainability within the context of co-created digital public services, an exploration of how sustainability in public administrations may be supported by co-creation and a critical examination of the elements that contribute to the sustainability of digital public services—all drawing on existing examples of co-creation initiatives from within the public sector. Full article
18 pages, 689 KiB  
Article
A Study on Technology Acceptance of Digital Healthcare among Older Korean Adults Using Extended Tam (Extended Technology Acceptance Model)
by Khin Shoon Lei Thant Zin, Seieun Kim, Hak-Seon Kim and Israel Fisseha Feyissa
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020042 - 4 Feb 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 8626
Abstract
The use of digital health and wrist-worn wearable technologies have been increasingly utilized, especially during COVID-19 surge, to help monitor patients and vulnerable groups such as elderly people. As one of the countries with highest aging population, South Korean older adults are expected [...] Read more.
The use of digital health and wrist-worn wearable technologies have been increasingly utilized, especially during COVID-19 surge, to help monitor patients and vulnerable groups such as elderly people. As one of the countries with highest aging population, South Korean older adults are expected to be familiarized with these healthcare technologies. However, there have been a few studies on the investigation of Korean older adults’ attitude towards the acceptance of wearable technologies, such as a smart health watch after the COVID-19 curve flattened in South Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the acceptability of digital health wearable technology in healthcare by the Korean older adults and their attitude towards the use of smart health watches by using an extended Technology Acceptance Model while considering the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a cross-sectional survey of Korean adults aged 56 years and older who are living in Busan, and a total of 170 respondents were received. Results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and facilitating conditions have a significant impact on older Korean’s attitudes towards the use of a smart health watch, while the relationship between social influence and attitude towards its use was found to not be statistically significant. The attitude towards the use of smart health watches had an effect on their intention to use the smartwatch. By using the findings from the study, the digital wearables providers, manufacturers, and promotors can enhance their strategy to elevate the use of digital healthcare wearables among Korean elderly people while ensuring these products are of good quality and affordable, as well as ensuring necessary assistance is provided to the elderly people when utilizing and adopting these wearables in their everyday lives. Moreover, the results of this study can be utilized to accommodate the needs of Korean elderly people regarding their use of smart health watches and help promote the benefits of healthcare wearable technologies after the pandemic subsides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Global Perspective on the Hospitality and Tourism Industry)
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22 pages, 614 KiB  
Review
Human Resources Analytics for Public Personnel Management: Concepts, Cases, and Caveats
by Wonhyuk Cho, Seeyoung Choi and Hemin Choi
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020041 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 11597
Abstract
The advancement of data technology such as machine learning and artificial intelligence has broadened the scope of human resources (HR) analytics, commonly referred to as “people analytics.” This field has seen significant growth in recent years as organizations increasingly rely on algorithm-based predictive [...] Read more.
The advancement of data technology such as machine learning and artificial intelligence has broadened the scope of human resources (HR) analytics, commonly referred to as “people analytics.” This field has seen significant growth in recent years as organizations increasingly rely on algorithm-based predictive tools for HR-related decision making. However, its application in the public sector is not yet fully understood. This study examined the concepts and practices of HR analytics through a thematic review, and proposed a five-step process (define, collect, analyze, share, and reflect) for implementation in the public sector—the process aims to assist with the integration of HR analytics in public personnel management practices. By analyzing cases in both the public and private sectors, this study identified key lessons for functional areas such as workforce planning, recruitment, HR development, and performance management. This research also identified the necessary conditions for introducing HR analytics in public organizations, including data management, staff capabilities, and acceptance, and discussed the potential challenges of privacy, integrity, algorithmic bias, and publicness. Full article
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25 pages, 569 KiB  
Article
Supply Chain Resilience and Operational Performance: The Role of Digital Technologies in Jordanian Manufacturing Firms
by Saleh Fahed Alkhatib and Rahma Asem Momani
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020040 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6444
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between supply chain resilience (SCR) practices and operational performance and the moderating role of digital technologies in Jordanian manufacturing firms. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted using a questionnaire based on the study model and previous related [...] Read more.
This study aims to analyze the relationship between supply chain resilience (SCR) practices and operational performance and the moderating role of digital technologies in Jordanian manufacturing firms. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted using a questionnaire based on the study model and previous related literature. Four hundred supply chain (SC)-related managers within seventy-one firms were reached to collect the needed data; three hundred and seventy-two complete questionnaires were analyzed. The results revealed that the level of SCR practices and operational performance was high; SCR (with its sub-dimensions: SC agility (SCA), SC flexibility (SCF), and SC collaboration (SCC)) had a significant positive relationship with operational performance; and the appropriate use of digital technologies had a significant moderating impact on the aggregate level of the SCR–operational performance relationship. Finally, research limitations, practical implications, and future research conclude this study. Full article
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22 pages, 1610 KiB  
Article
Feminist Emergence in a Traditionally Male Industry: Case from Jordan—The Jordanian Banking Industry
by Niveen Mazen Alsayyed and Julian Randall
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020039 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1741
Abstract
Purpose: This research explored the role of female managers as change agents and the “problem of making women visible,” specifically in top management positions in in Jordanian banking industry. Methods: This research design is built on the basis of qualitative research, [...] Read more.
Purpose: This research explored the role of female managers as change agents and the “problem of making women visible,” specifically in top management positions in in Jordanian banking industry. Methods: This research design is built on the basis of qualitative research, analyzing the perceptions in the mind of research subjects. Interviews were conducted with 32 participants from the Jordanian banking industry. Findings: Our research has revealed different and important insights into the changing role of Jordanian female workers, not only in such a male-dominant industry but also more broadly in Jordan’s wider society, in which the Arab masculine culture has been dominant. The positive impact of increased acceptance of females’ roles is significantly evident in our research, and we support the assertion that women can survive and prosper in the face of Arab or Eastern culture traditions. In addition, we asserted that females’ managers are deemed to be internal change agents through their knowledge, experience, and leadership traits and behavior. Conclusions: We shed the light on emancipation, in which females have had the opportunity to cross previous social and taken-for-granted boundaries, and which has eroded gender-biased boundaries and behavior as a response to the situational demands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gender and Development)
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18 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
Generation Z “Life Skills” Acquired and Enhanced through Internships before and during COVID-19 Pandemic
by Eriona Shtembari and Riza Feridun Elgün
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020038 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4669
Abstract
The paper explores “life skills” acquired and enhanced during an internship in preparation for the work of the future, identifies challenges faced and gaps between academic preparation and internship requirements, and explores the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the internship experiences [...] Read more.
The paper explores “life skills” acquired and enhanced during an internship in preparation for the work of the future, identifies challenges faced and gaps between academic preparation and internship requirements, and explores the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the internship experiences of Generation Z students. This qualitative study involves cohorts from 2016–2021, including 50 students before the pandemic, and 47 students during the pandemic, majoring in the field of Economy and Business. Data are gathered through 97 semi-structured interviews and written reports from the students. Interestingly, the findings showed that job placement is not the main reason why students pursue an internship; acquiring skills and experience was identified as the major motivating factor. “Communication” was the top enhanced skill from internships in both periods before and during the pandemic, while “relationship building” and “ethical issues” ranked as the second and third most important skills before the pandemic, to be replaced by “critical-thinking and problem-solving” and “analytical and technical” skills during the pandemic. Lack of accountability and COVID-19 stress were reported as the main challenges experienced during internships, while lacking hands-on experience and social skills were identified as gaps. The foremost pieces of advice for future interns revealed in this study are to get involved seriously and show respect and integrity. Full article
15 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
The Persistent Constraints of New Public Management on Sustainable Co-Production between Non-Profit Professionals and Service Users
by Caitlin McMullin
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020037 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2633
Abstract
In this paper, I explore whether and how New Public Management (NPM) inhibits the long-term sustainability of co-production between non-profit practitioners and service users in the United Kingdom. I show how the key elements of NPM (contracts and competitive tendering, performance measurement, a [...] Read more.
In this paper, I explore whether and how New Public Management (NPM) inhibits the long-term sustainability of co-production between non-profit practitioners and service users in the United Kingdom. I show how the key elements of NPM (contracts and competitive tendering, performance measurement, a pressure for non-profits to become more ‘business-like’, and the framing of citizens as ‘customers’) provide distinct barriers for non-profits to engage in co-production over the longer term, inhibiting the long-term creation of value for citizens. Through an analysis of seven case study organisations, this paper contributes to building theory about the sustainability of co-production, the factors that shape enduring co-production, and the compatibility/incompatibility of NPM tools with co-production. Full article
13 pages, 861 KiB  
Article
Exploring Consumer Behavior and Brand Management in the Automotive Sector: Insights from a Digital and Territorial Perspective
by Diana Rodrigues, Bruno Sousa, Sofia Gomes, José Oliveira and Eunice Lopes
Adm. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020036 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9825
Abstract
Human beings are strongly influenced by their emotions; so, it is believed that building a close relationship between consumers and brands is a key factor for success. In this way, car brands are no exception, and despite facing numerous challenges associated with the [...] Read more.
Human beings are strongly influenced by their emotions; so, it is believed that building a close relationship between consumers and brands is a key factor for success. In this way, car brands are no exception, and despite facing numerous challenges associated with the energy transition, they have to reinvent themselves, retaining a focus on offering a unique and personalized experience for the consumer without forgetting the factors that influence the decision-making process. Therefore, current research aims to understand the relationship between brand love and other behavioral constructs, including brand attachment, brand satisfaction, brand loyalty, and positive word of mouth, as well as its influence on consumer behavior in the Portuguese automotive market, more specifically regarding the brands Audi, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire survey was conducted on a group of 324 respondents. From this sample, it was possible to develop a conceptual model and formulate six research hypotheses. The results reveal that brand attachment and satisfaction have a positive influence on brand love, which has a positive influence on brand loyalty and positive word of mouth. In addition, brand attachment is positively related to brand loyalty, which has a positive impact on loyalty. Therefore, this article presents some insights from the perspective of digital marketing (i.e., e-WOM and social networks) and territory management (i.e., notoriety and positioning of territories). In the end, the limitations of the study will be presented, and guidelines for future research will be outlined. Full article
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