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Symmetry, Volume 9, Issue 12

December 2017 - 36 articles

Cover Story: The theory of knotoids can be regarded as a refinement of classical knot theory. Knotoids provide a natural topological domain for studying the knotting of physical structures involving open-ended curves, for example, polymers. In analogy, braidoids extend the classical braids and they form a counterpart theory to the theory of knotoids. Any braidoid gives rise to a knotoid via the closure map and any knotoid can be turned into a braidoid whose closure is topologically equivalent to the starting knotoid. Braidoids can be used for encoding the topological information of knotoids in terms of algebraic expressions. View this paper
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Articles (36)

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,092 Views
14 Pages

Chaotic Dynamical State Variables Selection Procedure Based Image Encryption Scheme

  • Zia Bashir,
  • Jarosław Wątróbski,
  • Tabasam Rashid,
  • Sohail Zafar and
  • Wojciech Sałabun

11 December 2017

Nowadays, in the modern digital era, the use of computer technologies such as smartphones, tablets and the Internet, as well as the enormous quantity of confidential information being converted into digital form have resulted in raised security issue...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,360 Views
17 Pages

11 December 2017

Today’s H.264/AVC coded videos have a high quality, high data-compression ratio. They also have a strong fault tolerance, better network adaptability, and have been widely applied on the Internet. With the popularity of powerful and easy-to-use video...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,610 Views
9 Pages

10 December 2017

With the development of sensor technology and the popularization of the data-driven service paradigm, spatial crowdsourcing systems have become an important way of collecting map-based location data. However, large-scale task management and location...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,951 Views
11 Pages

Graphical Classification in Multi-Centrality-Index Diagrams for Complex Chemical Networks

  • Yasutaka Mizui,
  • Tetsuya Kojima,
  • Shigeyuki Miyagi and
  • Osamu Sakai

9 December 2017

Various sizes of chemical reaction network exist, from small graphs of linear networks with several inorganic species to huge complex networks composed of protein reactions or metabolic systems. Huge complex networks of organic substrates have been w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,519 Views
11 Pages

9 December 2017

Despite recent progress in the study of complex systems, reconstruction of damaged networks due to random and targeted attack has not been addressed before. In this paper, we formulate the network reconstruction problem as an identification of networ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,048 Views
16 Pages

8 December 2017

With the rapid growth of network technologies, users are used to accessing various services with their mobile devices. To ensure security and privacy in mobility networks, proper mechanisms to authenticate the mobile user are essential. In this paper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,924 Views
14 Pages

A Block-Based Division Reversible Data Hiding Method in Encrypted Images

  • Wei-Liang Liu,
  • Hui-Shih Leng,
  • Chuan-Kuei Huang and
  • Dyi-Cheng Chen

8 December 2017

Due to the increased digital media on the Internet, data security and privacy protection issue have attracted the attention of data communication. Data hiding has become a topic of considerable importance. Nowadays, a new challenge consists of revers...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
13,038 Views
18 Pages

Face Liveness Detection Based on Skin Blood Flow Analysis

  • Shun-Yi Wang,
  • Shih-Hung Yang,
  • Yon-Ping Chen and
  • Jyun-We Huang

7 December 2017

Face recognition systems have been widely adopted for user authentication in security systems due to their simplicity and effectiveness. However, spoofing attacks, including printed photos, displayed photos, and replayed video attacks, are critical c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,346 Views
6 Pages

7 December 2017

Complexity phenomena in cosmological evolution due to the scale-running of the propagator coupling constant can yield new insights related to virtual particles and antiscreening effects with dark matter consequences. This idea was developed in accord...

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Symmetry - ISSN 2073-8994