Cells, Volume 14, Issue 12

This study aimed to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of molecular signature in the muscle of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients before and after treatment. Unsupervised reference-free deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics and standardize...

Depression and obesity are comorbid conditions linked through shared neuroinflammatory and immune mechanisms. This study examined the effects of chronic cannabidiol (CBD) treatment on behavior and neuroinflammatory gene expression in female rats expo...

We have previously shown that in cancer patients, free methylglyoxal (MG), a side-product of glycolysis, is recovered from tumors at significantly higher levels than from their corresponding non-cancerous tissues. We also recently confirmed our initi...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ocular pathology in humans characterized by the buildup of lipid-rich extracellular deposits, which leads to retinal degeneration. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to observe the effect o...

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is emerging as a powerful technology that transforms our understanding of thyroid cancer by offering a spatial context of gene expression within the tumor tissue. In this review, we synthesize the recent applications of S...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and irreversible impairment of brain functions. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, involving a complex...

Abiotic stress poses a serious challenge in agriculture. Salinity inhibits crop growth and yields by disrupting ionic homeostasis and osmotic balance. One critical mechanism of salt tolerance is the activation of the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signa...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a broad clinical potential, but their selection and expansion on plastic cause unknown purity and phenotypic alterations, reducing therapy efficiency. Furthermore, their behavior in non-adherent conditions during sy...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise an evolutionarily conserved family of pattern recognition receptors that detect microbial-associated molecular patterns and endogenous danger signals to orchestrate innate immune responses. While traditionally posi...

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, frequently leading to multiorgan failure and high mortality. Inflammasomes—cytosolic multiprotein complexes of the innate immune system—se...

Drug resistance is still one of the main challenges for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Whilst some resistance mechanisms are well known, from the static therapy success rate, clearly, still much is undiscovered. Intracellular transport mec...

Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite the significant impact, the molecular mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified mirco...

(1) Background: Vascular mural cells reside in the media and outer layers of the vessel wall. Their ability to proliferate and migrate or to change phenotype in response to external cues is a central feature of the vascular response to injury. Geneti...

Proteases play crucial roles in ovarian folliculogenesis, regulating several processes from primordial follicle activation to ovulation and corpus luteum formation. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the diverse functions of proteases i...

Peripheral myelination is driven by the intricate interplay between Schwann cells and axons, coordinated through molecular signaling and the structural organization of their shared environment. While the biochemical regulation of this process has bee...

Metal ion measurements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy revealed twofold-higher zinc content in rat brain compared to spinal cord. One hypothesis to explain this difference is the high prevalence of synapses that corelea...

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) have been shown to be useful for the development of cell-based regenerative strategies and for modelling drug discovery. However, stem cell-derived HLCs are not identical...

Muscle loss unresponsive to nutritional supplementation affects up to 80% of cancer patients and severely reduces survival and treatment response. Exercise may help preserve muscle mass and function, yet the translatability of preclinical methods rem...

Melanomas quickly acquire resistance to vemurafenib, an important therapeutic for BRAFV600 mutant melanomas. Although combating vemurafenib resistance (VemR) to counter mitochondrial metabolic shift using mitochondria-targeting therapies has promise,...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects nearly 7% of the world’s population and is a significant contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Historically, the pharmacologic therapy of cardiovascular disease has centered...

Bile acids (BAs), essential for lipid metabolism and fat-soluble vitamin absorption, also act as signaling molecules that regulate immune homeostasis. This review focuses on the roles of four key BA-activated receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), G...

The central nervous system (CNS) is highly susceptible to damage due to its limited ability to regenerate. Injuries to the CNS, whether from trauma, ischemia, or neurodegenerative diseases, disrupt both cellular and vascular structures, leading to im...

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of early vascular aging, progressive vascular calcification, and premature death. With increasing age, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) decline. This...

Background: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections due to motile cilia defects. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, with abnormalities in structural ciliary proteins. Zinc...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental impairment that occurs due to mutations related to the formation of the nervous system, combined with the impact of various epigenetic and environmental factors. This necessitates the identificat...

Allergic conditions have surged to unprecedented levels globally, affecting approximately 30% of the population. Fungi are among the major sources of allergens, accounting for about 6% of respiratory issues. Identifying the causes of respiratory alle...

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a crucial detoxifying enzyme that eliminates toxic aldehydes. ALDH2 deficiency has been linked to various human diseases, including certain cancers. We have previously reported ALDH2 downregulation in human melanom...

Chronic exposure to arsenic via drinking water can induce bladder cancer in humans. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about the precise mechanisms of this. Abnormal elevations in cell proliferation and migration have repeatedly been identified...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuronal loss, cognitive decline, and pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Recent evidence highlights autop...

Within the first 28 days after birth, more than 1 in every 2500 newborns will suffer a stroke. The weekly-adjusted risk of stroke for a term-born infant is threefold higher than for a male smoker aged 50 to 59 years with hypertension and diabetes. Ne...

Macrophages participate in cutaneous wound healing by adopting M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 immunoregulatory/pro-repair phenotypes. Chronic wounds associated with a deficient macrophage response could benefit from treatments that restore an acute infla...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1–3% of the population globally. Owing to its multifactorial origin, complex genetics, and heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes, it is difficult to faithfully model ASD....

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) that are characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in both neurons and the non-neuronal cells of the brain are called synucleinopathies. The most common synucleinopathies includes...

Beyond haemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are increasingly recognized for playing a crucial role in modulating immunoinflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute the first line of defence against infection and injury, with their engagement...

Epigenetic rearrangements can create a favorable environment for the intrinsic plasticity of brain cells, leading to cellular reprogramming into virtually any cell type through the induction of cell-specific transcriptional programs. In this study, w...

Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) has been associated with altered prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and connectivity in adulthood, potentially increasing the risk of psychopathology later in life. This risk is thought to involve a complex interplay be...

Investigating the contribution and interaction of water transport pathways in plant roots is important for understanding the functioning of the root hydraulic system. In this study, the real-time dynamics of lateral water transport along the cell-to-...

Cellular memory is the competence of cells to preserve information from past experiences and respond aptly. This memory is maintained and controlled by gene regulatory networks (GRNs). GRNs are crucial for understanding why some cells are resistant t...

T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have evolved into an essential pillar of lymphoma therapy, reaching second-line treatment. In solid cancers, however, a dearth of lasting CAR T cell activation poses the major obstacle to achiev...

Food allergies result from dysregulated immune responses to dietary antigens. IgE antibodies are key in triggering allergic reactions through binding to high-affinity receptors on mast cells and triggering mast cell activation when crosslinked by all...

Background: Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of adipose tissue are essential for evaluating the quality and functionality of lipoaspirates in regenerative medicine and fat grafting procedures. These methods provide insights into tissue v...

Male reproductive aging proceeds gradually and involves complex alterations across germ cells, somatic cells, and the testicular niche. Multi-omics analyses highlight shifts in spermatogonial stem cell dynamics, diminished sperm quantity and quality,...

PDE11A is a little-studied phosphodiesterase sub-family that breaks down cAMP/cGMP, with the PDE11A4 isoform enriched in the memory-related hippocampal formation. Age-related increases in PDE11A expression occur in human and rodent hippocampus and ca...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. AMD development is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and a progressive proteostasis imbalance, in whose regulation, c-Jun N-termina...

SHROOM3 encodes an actin-binding protein involved in kidney development and has been associated with chronic kidney disease through genome-wide association studies. However, its regulatory role in proteinuric kidney diseases and its mechanistic contr...

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 (MAP3K1) is a key signaling molecule essential for eyelid closure during embryogenesis. In mice, Map3k1 knockout leads to a fully penetrant eye-open at birth (EOB) phenotype due to disrupted MAPK signa...

UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2), a ligand for the activating receptor NKG2D, plays a dual role in tumor immunity, promoting immune activation or suppression, depending on the context. To investigate its impact on CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cell-targeted immunotherap...

Recent studies on myogenic satellite cells (SCs) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) documented altered division capacities and impaired regeneration potential of SCs in DMD patients and animal models. It remains unknown, however, if SC-intrinsic ef...

Adiponectin (APN) is a secreted adipokine that plays a key role in modulating energy and bone metabolism, as well as regulating inflammatory responses. The overexpression of APN has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesi...

Studies have emphasized alleviating fibrogenesis through interference with adenosine signaling in experimental diabetic nephropathy. We found that the in vivo antagonism of the adenosine A_2B receptor (A_2BAR) using MRS1754 in diabetic rats impedes the...