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Toxins, Volume 9, Issue 5

May 2017 - 26 articles

Cover Story: Venom from the African tarantula Monocentropus balfouri was found to contain two insecticidal peptides (Mb1a and Mb1b) that paralyse houseflies and blowflies but not cotton bollworms. Both peptides inhibit voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels in neurons isolated from the American cockroach as well as the cloned BgNaV1 channel from the German cockroach. Mb1a also induces a delay in fast inactivation of BgNaV1. Comparison of the sodium channels of the tested insect species revealed that sequence variations in the S1–S2 extracellular loops of the voltage sensor domains might underlie the differences in activity between different phyla. The photo was taken by Bastian Rast. View this paper.
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Articles (26)

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,384 Views
10 Pages

Screening of a Combinatorial Library of Organic Polymers for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Patulin from Apple Juice

  • Cristina Giovannoli,
  • Giulia Spano,
  • Fabio Di Nardo,
  • Laura Anfossi and
  • Claudio Baggiani

20 May 2017

Patulin is a water-soluble mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. Governmental bodies have placed it under scrutiny for its potential negative health effects, and maximum residue limits are fixed in specific food matrices to protect consumer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
15,663 Views
20 Pages

Coagulating Colubrids: Evolutionary, Pathophysiological and Biodiscovery Implications of Venom Variations between Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) and Twig Snake (Thelotornis mossambicanus)

  • Jordan Debono,
  • James Dobson,
  • Nicholas R. Casewell,
  • Anthony Romilio,
  • Bin Li,
  • Nyoman Kurniawan,
  • Karine Mardon,
  • Vera Weisbecker,
  • Amanda Nouwens and
  • Hang Fai Kwok
  • + 1 author

19 May 2017

Venoms can deleteriously affect any physiological system reachable by the bloodstream, including directly interfering with the coagulation cascade. Such coagulopathic toxins may be anticoagulants or procoagulants. Snake venoms are unique in their use...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,379 Views
9 Pages

Doses of Immunogen Contribute to Specificity Spectrums of Antibodies against Aflatoxin

  • Peiwu Li,
  • Jing Wu,
  • Li Zhang,
  • Zhiyong Fan,
  • Tingting Yu,
  • Feng Jiang,
  • Xiaoqian Tang,
  • Zhaowei Zhang,
  • Wen Zhang and
  • Qi Zhang

19 May 2017

Research about antibody specificity spectra was conducted to develop single-specific antibodies or broad-specific antibodies. Aflatoxins, as one class of high-toxicity mycotoxins, were selected as the research targets to investigate the effect of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,068 Views
15 Pages

RBC Adherence of Immune Complexes Containing Botulinum Toxin Improves Neutralization and Macrophage Uptake

  • Fetweh H. Al-Saleem,
  • Rashmi Sharma,
  • Rama Devudu Puligedda,
  • Md. Elias,
  • Chandana Devi Kattala,
  • Paul M. Simon,
  • Lance L. Simpson and
  • Scott K. Dessain

19 May 2017

In the paralytic disease botulism, the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) passes through the bloodstream to reach and inactivate neuromuscular junctions. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may be useful BoNT countermeasures, as mAb combinations can rapidly clear...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
5,987 Views
21 Pages

iTRAQ Mitoproteome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Ochratoxin A

  • Yan Wang,
  • Xiaoli Peng,
  • Zhuojun Yang,
  • Weiwei Zhao,
  • Wentao Xu,
  • Junran Hao,
  • Weihong Wu,
  • Xiao Li Shen,
  • Yunbo Luo and
  • Kunlun Huang

18 May 2017

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and dangerous mycotoxins in the world. Previous work indicated that OTA could elicit spontaneous HR-like lesions formation Arabidopsis thaliana, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in OTA...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
86 Citations
9,334 Views
12 Pages

Development of a LC-MS/MS Method for the Multi-Mycotoxin Determination in Composite Cereal-Based Samples

  • Barbara De Santis,
  • Francesca Debegnach,
  • Emanuela Gregori,
  • Simona Russo,
  • Francesca Marchegiani,
  • Gabriele Moracci and
  • Carlo Brera

18 May 2017

The analytical scenario for determining contaminants in the food and feed sector is constantly prompted by the progress and improvement of knowledge and expertise of researchers and by the technical innovation of the instrumentation available. Mycoto...

  • Review
  • Open Access
147 Citations
15,377 Views
20 Pages

17 May 2017

This review is devoted to the marine bacterial producers of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a potent non-protein neuroparalytic toxin. In addition to the issues of the ecology and distribution of TTX-producing bacteria, this review examines issues relating to to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,781 Views
12 Pages

17 May 2017

An important goal of understanding harmful algae blooms is to determine how environmental factors affect the growth and toxin formation of toxin-producing species. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional responses of toxin formation gene (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,985 Views
11 Pages

Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Ovine Dairy Chain and in Farm-Related Humans

  • Guerrino Macori,
  • Giuseppina Giacinti,
  • Alberto Bellio,
  • Silvia Gallina,
  • Daniela Manila Bianchi,
  • Daniele Sagrafoli,
  • Nicla Marri,
  • Gilberto Giangolini,
  • Simonetta Amatiste and
  • Lucia Decastelli

16 May 2017

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of clinical infections in humans and its enterotoxins cause foodborne disease. In the present study, we tested a total of 51 isolates of S. aureus from small-ruminant dairy farms with artisan dairy facilities, a...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651