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Toxins, Volume 9, Issue 6

June 2017 - 21 articles

Cover Story: Current methodologies for characterization of animal venoms are not ideal for large-scale comparisons of venom profiles. On-chip electrophoresis technology provides a fast, reproducible and standardized method for rapid analysis of compositional variation of animal venoms especially for detection of subtle intraspecific variation. The “venom fingerprinting” can be used for testing ecological and evolutionary questions with strong statistical power. Combined with RP-HPLC it also represents a complementary method for fast and easy toxin characterization. Click here
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Articles (21)

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
7,784 Views
12 Pages

Virulence Genes of S. aureus from Dairy Cow Mastitis and Contagiousness Risk

  • Giada Magro,
  • Stefano Biffani,
  • Giulietta Minozzi,
  • Ralf Ehricht,
  • Stefan Monecke,
  • Mario Luini and
  • Renata Piccinini

21 June 2017

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major agent of dairy cow intramammary infections: the different prevalences of mastitis reported might be related to a combination of S. aureus virulence factors beyond host factors. The present study considered...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,287 Views
15 Pages

Characterization of Hemagglutinin Negative Botulinum Progenitor Toxins

  • Suzanne R. Kalb,
  • Jakub Baudys,
  • Theresa J. Smith,
  • Leonard A. Smith and
  • John R. Barr

15 June 2017

Botulism is a disease involving intoxication with botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), toxic proteins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other clostridia. The 150 kDa neurotoxin is produced in conjunction with other proteins to form the botulinum progen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
8,976 Views
12 Pages

15 June 2017

Commercially available rice grains in Thailand were examined to isolate the monoverticillate Penicillium species responsible for toxic yellowed rice. Penicillium species were obtained from seven out of 10 rice samples tested. Among them, one Penicill...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,404 Views
16 Pages

Recombinant Phospholipase D from Loxosceles gaucho Binds to Platelets and Promotes Phosphatidylserine Exposure

  • Daniel A. Fukuda,
  • Maria C. Caporrino,
  • Katia C. Barbaro,
  • Maisa S. Della-Casa,
  • Eliana L. Faquim-Mauro and
  • Geraldo S. Magalhaes

13 June 2017

Spider envenomation, from the genus Loxosceles, is frequently reported as a cause of necrotic lesions in humans around the world. Among the many components found in the venom of Loxosceles genus, phospholipases D (PLDs) are the most investigated, sin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
12,814 Views
13 Pages

13 June 2017

Talaromyces marneffei is a thermally dimorphic fungus causing systemic infections in patients positive for HIV or other immunocompromised statuses. Analysis of its ~28.9 Mb draft genome and additional transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
8,006 Views
16 Pages

12 June 2017

In this study, a total of 244 wheat and wheat-based products collected from Romania were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to evaluate the presence of four enniatins (ENs; i.e., ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
9,653 Views
19 Pages

12 June 2017

The saxitoxin-group (STX-group) corresponds to toxic metabolites produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Pyrodinium. Over the last decade, it has been possible to extrapolate the areas contaminated wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
7,488 Views
20 Pages

Embryotoxicity Caused by DON-Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated by Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

  • Miao Yu,
  • Liangkai Chen,
  • Zhao Peng,
  • Di Wang,
  • Yadong Song,
  • Hanyin Wang,
  • Ping Yao,
  • Hong Yan,
  • Andreas K. Nüssler and
  • Liegang Liu
  • + 1 author

9 June 2017

Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the type B group of trichothecenes family, which is composed of sesquiterpenoid metabolites produced by Fusarium and other fungi in grain. DON may cause various toxicities, such as cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotox...

  • Article
  • Open Access
73 Citations
11,306 Views
64 Pages

Coralsnake Venomics: Analyses of Venom Gland Transcriptomes and Proteomes of Six Brazilian Taxa

  • Steven D. Aird,
  • Nelson Jorge Da Silva,
  • Lijun Qiu,
  • Alejandro Villar-Briones,
  • Vera Aparecida Saddi,
  • Mariana Pires de Campos Telles,
  • Miguel L. Grau and
  • Alexander S. Mikheyev

8 June 2017

Venom gland transcriptomes and proteomes of six Micrurus taxa (M. corallinus, M. lemniscatus carvalhoi, M. lemniscatus lemniscatus, M. paraensis, M. spixii spixii, and M. surinamensis) were investigated, providing the most comprehensive, quantitative...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,628 Views
11 Pages

Characterization of Asian Corn Borer Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ie

  • Yueqin Wang,
  • Jing Yang,
  • Yudong Quan,
  • Zhenying Wang,
  • Wanzhi Cai and
  • Kanglai He

7 June 2017

A strain of the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), has evolved >800-fold resistance to Cry1Ie (ACB-IeR) after 49 generations of selection. The inheritance pattern of resistance to Cry1Ie in ACB-IeR strain and its cross-resistanc...

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Toxins - ISSN 2072-6651