Sustainability

20 pages, 2008 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Biostimulation in Chili Cultivation: Effects of PGPMs and Marine Algal Extracts on the Physiological Performance of Serrano Pepper Crop

by Diana Fernanda García Espinosa, Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Esteban Sánchez Chávez, Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia, Erick Humberto Ochoa-Chaparro, César Marcial Escobedo-Bonilla, Rodolfo Contreras-Martínez and Héctor A. Leyva-Hernández

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8090; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178090 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1409

Abstract

(1) Background: The increasing soil and water pollution in agriculture is mainly due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic fertilizers. As the responsibility to adopt sustainable agricultural practices grows, biofertilizers may offer a solution to reduce the use of chemical inputs and improve [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The increasing soil and water pollution in agriculture is mainly due to the uncontrolled use of synthetic fertilizers. As the responsibility to adopt sustainable agricultural practices grows, biofertilizers may offer a solution to reduce the use of chemical inputs and improve crop productivity. This study focused on evaluating the physiological effects of Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus sp., and seaweed extracts (Ulva lactuca and Solieria spp.) on the cultivation of serrano pepper plants. (2) Methods: Five treatments were carried out: control (T1), T. asperellum (T2), Bacillus sp. (T3), seaweed extract (T4), and their combination (T5). The microbial inoculants were applied to the root zone, while the seaweed extracts were applied to the foliage. Leaf samples were collected at the end of the vegetative phase to evaluate physiological and agronomic traits. (3) Results: The application of T3 significantly increased leaf area (12.34%), biomass (11.91%), and yield (10.7%) while decreasing the SPAD, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents. T4 resulted in the highest nitrate reductase activity, while T5 resulted in the peak total chlorophyll content. No significant differences were observed in nitrate reductase activity between T4 and the control or in the carotenoid content between T1, T2, T4, and T5. (4) Conclusions: Bacillus sp. demonstrated agronomic benefits despite a decrease in pigments, supporting its application in the sustainable production of peppers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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30 pages, 916 KB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Way Carbon Options Game Model of Construction Supply Chain with Cap-And-Trade

by Wen Jiang, Zhaoyi Tong, Yifan Yuan, Qingqing Yang, Jiangyan Wu and Ruixiang Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8089; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178089 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1359

Abstract

As one of the main sources of global greenhouse gas emissions, the low-carbon transformation and emission reduction in the construction industry are inevitable requirements for addressing climate change. Under cap-and-trade regulations, Carbon emission rights have become a key production factor. However, the price [...] Read more.

As one of the main sources of global greenhouse gas emissions, the low-carbon transformation and emission reduction in the construction industry are inevitable requirements for addressing climate change. Under cap-and-trade regulations, Carbon emission rights have become a key production factor. However, the price of carbon emission rights is highly random. Taking the EU carbon market in 2024 as an example, the carbon price fluctuated by more than 35%, soaring from 65 euros per ton to 80 euros per ton and then falling back. Such sharp fluctuations not only increase the cost uncertainty of enterprises but also complicate the investment decisions for emission reduction. Therefore, enterprises can enhance the flexibility of carbon emission rights trading decisions through option strategies, helping them hedge against the risks of carbon price fluctuations, and at the same time improve market liquidity and risk management capabilities. Against this background, based on the carbon cap-and-trade policy, this paper introduces the two-way option strategy into the construction supply chain game model composed of general contractors and subcontractors, and studies to obtain the optimal carbon reduction volume, carbon option purchase volume, maximum expected profit of general contractors, subcontractors and profit distribution ratio. This study shows that two-way options play a crucial role in optimizing supply decision-making and emission reduction strategies. Under the decentralized model, emission reduction responsibilities are often shifted to subcontractors by the general contractor, resulting in a decline in overall mitigation effectiveness. Furthermore, appropriately lowering the carbon emission benchmark can strengthen enterprises’ incentives for emission reduction and significantly enhance the profitability of the supply chain. The study further suggests that general contractors should enhance their competitiveness by developing environmentally friendly technologies and improving their ability to reduce emissions on their own. Meanwhile, subcontractors need to actively participate in the collaborative efforts through revenue-sharing contracts. This study reveals the strategic value of two-way carbon options in construction supply chain carbon trading and provides theoretical support for the formulation of carbon market policies, contributing to the low-carbon transition of the construction supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Data-Driven in Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain)

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20 pages, 2960 KB

Open AccessArticle

Quantifying and Optimizing Vegetation Carbon Storage in Building-Attached Green Spaces for Sustainable Urban Development

by Wenjun Peng, Xinqiang Zou, Yanyan Huang and Hui Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8088; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178088 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1389

Abstract

Public building-attached green spaces are increasingly important urban carbon sinks, yet their carbon sequestration potential remains poorly understood and underutilized. This study quantified vegetation carbon storage across three attached green space typologies (green square, roof garden, and sunken courtyard) at a representative public [...] Read more.

Public building-attached green spaces are increasingly important urban carbon sinks, yet their carbon sequestration potential remains poorly understood and underutilized. This study quantified vegetation carbon storage across three attached green space typologies (green square, roof garden, and sunken courtyard) at a representative public building in Wuhan, China, using field surveys and species-specific allometric equations. Total carbon storage reached 19,873.43 kg C, dominated by the green square (84.98%), followed by a roof garden (12.29%) and sunken courtyard (2.72%). Regression analysis revealed strong correlations between carbon storage and morphological traits, with diameter at breast height (DBH) showing the highest predictive power for trees (r = 0.976 for evergreen, 0.821 for deciduous), while crown diameter (CD) best predicted shrub carbon storage (r = 0.833). Plant configuration optimization strategies were developed through correlation analysis and ecological principles, including replacing low carbon sequestering species with high carbon native species, enhancing vertical stratification, and implementing multi-layered planting. These strategies increased total carbon storage by 131.5% to 45,964.00 kg C, with carbon density rising from 2.00 kg C∙m⁻² to 4.63 kg C∙m⁻². The findings provide a quantitative framework and practical strategies for integrating carbon management into the design of building-attached green spaces, supporting climate-responsive urban planning and advancing sustainable development goals. Full article

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18 pages, 2050 KB

Open AccessArticle

Integrating Local Knowledge and Community Practices for Flood Resilience in the Volta Basin

by Armand Kocou Houanyé, Soulé Akinhola Adéchian, Mohamed Nasser Baco, Hèou Maléki Badjana and Ernest Amoussou

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8087; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178087 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 671

Abstract

Flooding, exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and poor land-use practices, is a growing challenge for rural households in the Volta Basin. This study examines the effectiveness of flood management practices in improving household resilience in Benin and Togo. Using a mixed-methods approach, including [...] Read more.

Flooding, exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and poor land-use practices, is a growing challenge for rural households in the Volta Basin. This study examines the effectiveness of flood management practices in improving household resilience in Benin and Togo. Using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group discussions, individual interviews, and structural equation modeling, we analyze three categories of flood management practices: Endogenous Knowledge-Based Practices (EKPs), Community Engagement-Based Practices (CEPs), and Agricultural Technology-Based Practices (ATPs). The results show significant contributions from CEPs to resilience and highlight the role of social cohesion and collective action. EKPs also have a positive impact, reflecting the importance of local knowledge, especially in Benin. However, the adoption of ATPs varies, with greater effectiveness observed in Togo than in Benin. Factors such as age, gender, education, and access to advisory services influence the acceptability and effectiveness of these practices. The findings highlight the need for tailored, integrative interventions that combine traditional knowledge and community participation with modern technologies to strengthen resilience in flood-prone communities. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and development practitioners who aim to improve disaster risk reduction and climate resilience strategies in the Volta Basin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hazards and Sustainability)

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21 pages, 1157 KB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Pain but Long-Term Gain: Urban Financial Digitization and Rural Migrants’ Living Quality in China

by Wei Wang, Gai Luo, Xinzhi Gong and Yifan Lv

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8086; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178086 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 594

Abstract

China’s urbanization has witnessed a significant influx of people pursuing better economic prospects. However, as digitization becomes increasingly integrated into urban living, it raises the bar for migrants’ digital literacy, and creates adaptation challenges for rural migrants. Despite a few pieces of literature [...] Read more.

China’s urbanization has witnessed a significant influx of people pursuing better economic prospects. However, as digitization becomes increasingly integrated into urban living, it raises the bar for migrants’ digital literacy, and creates adaptation challenges for rural migrants. Despite a few pieces of literature having analyzed how micro-level economic and social characteristics of rural migrants affect their urban living quality in inflow areas, few studies have examined the influencing factors of migrants’ urban living quality from the perspective of digitization level of the inflow areas, which is a nonnegligible environmental factors in modern China. Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this paper empirically examines how urban financial digitization in inflows affects rural migrants’ urban living quality. The impact of financial digitalization on urban living quality of rural migrants presents a significantly positive “U” shape. That is, with the improvement of financial digitalization, rural migrants’ urban living quality in inflow areas would first decline and then increase. The mechanism study shows that the financial digitization affects rural migrants’ living quality through urban settlement intention as intermediary variable. Furthermore, heterogeneity across education attainment, migration scope and duration were investigated. The results of the study provide empirical evidence on how to make rural migrants obtain better life experience with the development of urban digitization. Full article

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19 pages, 877 KB

Open AccessArticle

Co-Served Dining by Humans and Automations: The Effects of Experience Quality in Intelligent Restaurants

by Liu Xu, Shiyi Zhang, Jose Weng Chou Wong and Jing (Bill) Xu

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8085; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178085 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 629

Abstract

Automation has been widely applied and has greatly affected quality management in the catering industry. Intelligent restaurants refer to those in which smart devices and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (such as robots and self-service technologies) are embedded in the restaurant environment. However, the [...] Read more.

Automation has been widely applied and has greatly affected quality management in the catering industry. Intelligent restaurants refer to those in which smart devices and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies (such as robots and self-service technologies) are embedded in the restaurant environment. However, the existing research on intelligent restaurants has mostly focused on the technological development of equipment. Hence, this interdisciplinary study, integrating insights from hospitality management and human–computer interaction, examines how human-provided and automated-provided services interactively influence customers’ dining experience quality in intelligent restaurants, and how they affect customers’ perceived value and their social media sharing generation. This study develops a measurement scale of dining experience quality in intelligent restaurants that contains human-provided experience and automated-provided experience through in-depth interviews with 15 customers (Study1), and a model was proposed and verified using partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis on a sample of 493 customers dining in intelligent restaurants (Study 2), which shows that the quality of dining experience has a positive effect on customer perceived value, overall satisfaction in intelligent restaurants, and social media sharing generation. Specifically, automated-provided services offer functional value, while human employees mainly provide perceived emotional value. Perceived functional value has a greater impact on overall satisfaction with intelligent restaurants. The originality of this research is that it integrates services provided by humans and services provided by automated devices and clarifies the different roles of functional and emotional value in shaping customers’ perceived value. These findings provide a new research perspective for intelligent restaurants and insight into the optimization of service quality and automation systems in intelligent restaurants, thereby promoting sustainable business practices in the industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interdisciplinary Approaches to Sustainable Tourism)

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24 pages, 2275 KB

Open AccessReview

Ten Years of Sustainable Development Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review and Research Agenda

by Sebastián Uriarte, Hugo Baier-Fuentes and Cristian Geldes

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8084; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178084 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 707

Abstract

Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, no research has assessed the advances in these studies and proposed a research agenda. Therefore, the present [...] Read more.

Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). However, no research has assessed the advances in these studies and proposed a research agenda. Therefore, the present study aims to systematically review the existing literature to document the contribution and identify research gaps. Specifically, this bibliometric and context study examines the research landscape on the SDGs in Latin America and the Caribbean from 2015 to 2024, employing a rigorous analysis of 1646 publications indexed in Scopus. This study identifies key trends, gaps, and opportunities structured around the 5Ps framework: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnerships. Results highlight research on prosperity-related goals, such as energy, infrastructure, and economic growth, while Peace and Partnerships remain underexplored. Geographical disparities are evident, with Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia making the most considerable contributions, in contrast to the minimal representation from smaller nations. The study applies advanced bibliometric tools and categorization techniques to map the intellectual structure and collaboration networks. Findings emphasize the need for more inclusive governance research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and exploration of emerging technologies. This review aims to guide future research and inform regional policy aligned with the 2030 Agenda by addressing structural gaps and thematic imbalances. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Development Goals towards Sustainability)

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24 pages, 5034 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Frost Heave Resistance of Channel Sediment Hetao Irrigation District via Octadecyltrichlorosilane Modification and a Hydro-Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Model

by Tianze Zhang, Hailong Wang and Yanhong Han

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8083; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178083 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 609

Abstract

To address frost heave in winter-lined canals and sediment accumulation in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, while reducing long-term maintenance costs of canal linings and relocating sediment as solid waste, this study proposes the use of low-toxicity, environmentally friendly [...] Read more.

To address frost heave in winter-lined canals and sediment accumulation in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, while reducing long-term maintenance costs of canal linings and relocating sediment as solid waste, this study proposes the use of low-toxicity, environmentally friendly octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) to modify channel sediment. This approach aims to improve the frost heave resistance of canal sediment and investigate optimal modification conditions and their impact on frost heave phenomena, aligning with sustainable development goals of low energy consumption and economic efficiency. Water Droplet Penetration Time (WDPT) tests and unidirectional freezing experiments were conducted to analyze frost heave magnitude, temperature distribution, and moisture variation in modified sediment. A coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) model established using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 software was employed for numerical simulations. Experimental results demonstrate that the hydrophobicity of channel sediment increases with higher OTS concentrations. The optimal modification effect is achieved at 50 °C with a silane-to-sediment mass ratio of 0.001, aligning with the economic efficiency of sustainable development. The unidirectional freezing test results indicate that compared to the 0% modified sediment content, the 40% modified sediment proportion reduces frost heave magnitude by 71.3% and decreases water accumulation at the freezing front by 21.1%. The comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data demonstrates that the model can accurately simulate the frost heave behavior of modified sediment, with the error margin maintained within 15%. In conclusion, OTS-modified channel sediment demonstrates significant advantages in enhancing frost heave resistance while aligning with the economic and environmental sustainability requirements. Furthermore, the coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) model provides a reliable tool to guide sustainable infrastructure development for hydraulic engineering in the cold and arid regions of Inner Mongolia, effectively reducing long-term maintenance energy consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil Conservation and Sustainability)

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14 pages, 1622 KB

Open AccessArticle

Vertical Differentiation Characteristics and Environmental Regulatory Mechanisms of Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Coastal Wetland Sediments from the Northern Yellow Sea

by Yue Zhang, Haiting Xu and Jian Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8082; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178082 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 489

Abstract

Coastal saltmarsh wetlands play a pivotal role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling, yet the vertical distribution characteristics of sediment carbon and nitrogen and their regulatory mechanisms remain uncertain. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) serve as critical [...] Read more.

Coastal saltmarsh wetlands play a pivotal role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling, yet the vertical distribution characteristics of sediment carbon and nitrogen and their regulatory mechanisms remain uncertain. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) serve as critical indicators of ecosystem functioning, representing the most labile organic fractions that directly mediate biogeochemical processes in coastal wetlands. We investigated Yalu River Estuary coastal wetlands in the northern Yellow Sea. Sediment cores (0–100 cm depth) were collected and stratified into 20-cm intervals to analyse physicochemical properties and carbon–nitrogen indicators, enabling quantitative assessment of vertical distribution patterns and environmental drivers. The key findings are as follows: (1) Both microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) exhibited significant depth-dependent decreases, with MBC decreasing sharply by 45% (90.42 to 60.06 mg/kg) in the 40–60 cm layer and MBN decreasing by 50% (7.50 to 3.72 mg/kg) in the 80–100 cm layer. Total carbon (TC) peaked in the 40–60 cm layer (6.49 g/kg), whereas total nitrogen (TN) continuously decreased (from 0.51 (surface) to 0.24 g/kg (bottom)). (2) Depth-specific controls were identified: Surface layers (0–20 cm) were governed by tidal scouring (causing TC loss) and pH buffering; subsurface layers (20–40 cm) were constrained by moisture content (MC) and bulk density (BD), with partial mitigation by labile TC; and deeper layers (40–100 cm) were dominated by chemical factors exhibiting TN limitation and high electrical conductivity (EC). Understanding these microbial biomass dynamics is particularly crucial for predicting how coastal wetlands will respond to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, as MBC and MBN serve as sensitive early-warning indicators of ecosystem health. Notably, MBC and MBN in northern Yellow Sea coastal wetlands are regulated primarily by physical—biological interactions in surface sediments and chemical stressors in deeper layers, providing crucial theoretical foundations for precise wetland carbon sink assessment and sustainable ecosystem management. Full article

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26 pages, 32504 KB

Open AccessArticle

Smart Tourism Landmark Recognition: A Multi-Threshold Enhancement and Selective Ensemble Approach Using YOLO11

by Ulugbek Hudayberdiev, Junyeong Lee and Odil Fayzullaev

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8081; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178081 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 666

Abstract

Automated landmark recognition represents a cornerstone technology for advancing smart tourism systems, cultural heritage documentation, and enhanced visitor experiences. Contemporary deep learning methodologies have substantially transformed the accuracy and computational efficiency of destination classification tasks. Addressing critical gaps in existing approaches, we introduce [...] Read more.

Automated landmark recognition represents a cornerstone technology for advancing smart tourism systems, cultural heritage documentation, and enhanced visitor experiences. Contemporary deep learning methodologies have substantially transformed the accuracy and computational efficiency of destination classification tasks. Addressing critical gaps in existing approaches, we introduce an enhanced Samarkand_v2 dataset encompassing twelve distinct historical landmark categories with comprehensive environmental variability. Our methodology incorporates a systematic multi-threshold pixel intensification strategy, applying graduated enhancement transformations at intensity levels of 100, 150, and 225 to accentuate diverse architectural characteristics spanning from fine-grained textural elements to prominent reflective components. Four independent YOLO11 architectures were trained using original imagery alongside systematically enhanced variants, with optimal epoch preservation based on validation performance criteria. A key innovation lies in our intelligent selective ensemble mechanism that conducts exhaustive evaluation of model combinations, identifying optimal configurations through data-driven selection rather than conventional uniform weighting schemes. Experimental validation demonstrates substantial performance gains over established baseline architectures and traditional ensemble approaches, achieving exceptional metrics: 99.24% accuracy, 99.36% precision, 99.40% recall, and 99.36% F1-score. Rigorous statistical analysis via paired t-tests validates the significance of enhancement strategies, particularly demonstrating effectiveness of lower-threshold transformations in capturing architectural nuances. The framework exhibits remarkable resilience across challenging conditions including illumination variations, structural occlusions, and inter-class architectural similarities. These achievements establish the methodology’s substantial potential for practical smart tourism deployment, automated heritage preservation initiatives, and real-time mobile landmark recognition systems, contributing significantly to the advancement of intelligent tourism technologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart and Responsible Tourism: Innovations for a Sustainable Future)

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29 pages, 9522 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Variation of Water Levels in Dongting Lake

by Shuai Yuan, Changbo Jiang, Yuan Ma and Shanshan Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8080; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178080 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 643

Abstract

To quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of the water-level variations in the study area, we conducted cluster analysis of the temporally varying measurements across multiple hydrological stations. The temporal trends and change points were analyzed, followed by IHA-RVA quantification of the water-level alterations before [...] Read more.

To quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of the water-level variations in the study area, we conducted cluster analysis of the temporally varying measurements across multiple hydrological stations. The temporal trends and change points were analyzed, followed by IHA-RVA quantification of the water-level alterations before and after change points. Cluster analysis demonstrated the following. (1) Hydrological stations segregate into two distinct groups at the Euclidean distance threshold d = 5, and into three clusters at d = 4, confirming the pronounced west–east heterogeneity in the lake. (2) The hydrological alteration degrees exhibit considerable variation across the lake’s sub-lakes (Qili, Muping, South Dongting, East Dongting), with marked heterogeneity persisting even among representative monitoring stations within individual sub-lakes. The water-level regimes in Qili Lake can be partitioned into two distinct periods, before and after the change point, exhibiting the highest hydrological alteration degree across the lake. Representative stations of the other sub-lakes fall into three periods. During the first phase of hydrological alteration, Zhouwenmiao, Jinshi, and Chenglingji exhibit moderate alteration. Throughout the second alteration phase, all the representative stations consistently exhibit moderate alteration, although significant heterogeneity emerges across hydrological indicators among the sub-lakes. (3) Downstream of Yangliutan station, the longitudinal profile exhibits terraced morphology, segmented into three distinct levels by two hydraulic knickpoints. This geomorphic configuration primarily controls both the localized stage reductions and the maintenance of elevated upstream water levels during dry seasons. Confronting the persistent dry-season stage declines at Yingtian Station, enhanced monitoring and conservation of terraced transition zones in South Dongting Lake must be prioritized, with implementation of the zoned control principle for water-level governance and lake management. This study establishes a scientific foundation for the protection and governance of Dongting Lake, thereby advancing sustainable utilization of its water resources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)

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13 pages, 2211 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Fermentation Parameters for the Sustainable Production of Effective Carbon Sources from Kitchen Waste to Enhance Nutrient Removal in Sewage

by Xuwei Gui, Ling Wang and Zhenlun Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8079; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178079 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 626

Abstract

In this study, we optimize the kitchen waste fermentation process by adjusting the fermentation time and temperature to prepare high-efficiency carbon sources to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal during sewage treatment. Simulated kitchen waste fermentation experiments were performed, and the impact on the [...] Read more.

In this study, we optimize the kitchen waste fermentation process by adjusting the fermentation time and temperature to prepare high-efficiency carbon sources to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal during sewage treatment. Simulated kitchen waste fermentation experiments were performed, and the impact on the pollutant removal efficiencies was analyzed using a sequence batch reactor (SBR). The results showed that the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration peak occurred on the first day of fermentation, the maximum increment was 543.19 mg/L, and the maximum soluble chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio was 40.49. However, the highest total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 70.42% on the second day of fermentation. An increase in temperature promoted organic matter release, with the highest soluble COD concentration of 22.69 g/L observed at 45 °C. Further, the maximum VFAs production (935.08–985.13 mg/L) occurred from 25 to 35 °C. In addition, the fermentation products in this temperature range also showed the optimal removal efficiencies for total phosphorus (TP) and TN at 91.50% and 79.63%, respectively. Although 15 °C and 45 °C were beneficial for COD reduction, they were not conducive to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The energy consumption and the synergistic pollutant removal showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were 2 days at 35 °C. Under these conditions, the kitchen waste-derived carbon source achieved efficient TN and TP removal, as well as COD reduction. Therefore, these conditions provide a feasible solution for the “reduction and sustainability” of kitchen waste. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Organic Solid Waste and Wastewater Management)

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35 pages, 6825 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Synergy of Smart Campus Development with Smart City Policies and the New European Bauhaus with Implications for Educational Efficiency

by Gabriel Suster, Cosmin Alin Popescu, Tiberiu Iancu, Gabriela Popescu and Ramona Ciolac

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8078; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178078 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1086

Abstract

This empirical investigation explores the complex interdependencies between the concept of the Smart University Campus and the broader ecosystem of Smart City policies, with a particular focus on the New European Bauhaus initiative as a catalyst for educational transformation. The study examines how [...] Read more.

This empirical investigation explores the complex interdependencies between the concept of the Smart University Campus and the broader ecosystem of Smart City policies, with a particular focus on the New European Bauhaus initiative as a catalyst for educational transformation. The study examines how university campuses can evolve into paradigmatic models of innovation, sustainability, and inclusion through the strategic integration of emerging technologies, circular bioeconomy principles, and holistic ecological strategies. A comprehensive case study, grounded in rigorous quantitative analysis, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), and Cluster Analysis (CA), based on questionnaires administered to a sample of 245 high school and university students—primarily from the academic community of the “King Mihai I” University of Life Sciences in Timișoara (USVT)—provides empirical insights into perceptions and expectations regarding the Smart Campus ecosystem and its core components: Smart Learning, Smart Living, Smart Safety and Security, Smart Socialization and Smart Health. The distinctive contribution of this research lies in its empirical demonstration that the strategic alignment between university campuses and Smart City initiatives, guided by the principles of the New European Bauhaus, can enhance educational efficiency by creating integrated learning ecosystems that simultaneously address academic needs, sustainability imperatives, and goals of sustainable urban development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Sustainable Development Goals: Promoting Sustainable Development in Education through Digital Technologies)

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26 pages, 2344 KB

Open AccessArticle

Driving Sustainable Mobility: Adoption and the Willingness to Participate in Electric Ride-Hailing Service Among Driver Groups in Less-Developed Cities

by Miao Wang, Mingyang Du, Xuefeng Li, Jingzong Yang and Yuxi Shen

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8077; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178077 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 630

Abstract

The decarbonization of urban transport is critical for achieving sustainable development goals, and the electrification of ride-hailing services offers one promising pathway. However, the acceptance of electric ride-hailing services (ERHS) in less-developed cities lags behind that in developed regions, and existing research lacks [...] Read more.

The decarbonization of urban transport is critical for achieving sustainable development goals, and the electrification of ride-hailing services offers one promising pathway. However, the acceptance of electric ride-hailing services (ERHS) in less-developed cities lags behind that in developed regions, and existing research lacks a systematic analysis. This study fills the gap by conducting a survey in Zhangzhou, China, and employing ordered and binary logit models to analyze the factors influencing the acceptance of ERHS and the willingness to participate in this sustainable program by drivers and potential drivers. The findings indicate the following: (1) For drivers, environmental awareness is an important driving factor for accepting ERHS. Drivers who worry about the potential health effects of EV radiation are less willing to adopt ERHS. Part-time drivers and those who receive operational subsidies are more likely to adopt ERHS. (2) Among potential drivers, males, individuals aged 36 to 45, and those who are insensitive to fuel price fluctuations show a lower willingness to adopt ERHS. Conversely, the perceived fairness of the commission rates of the platform, driving range, and driving experience significantly promote the acceptance. (3) For potential drivers, the willingness to participate in ERHS is significantly affected by recycling subsidies, education level, and the currently driven vehicle type. The results could provide a policy blueprint for accelerating the green transformation of the ride-hailing industry, and could also provide policymakers with the empirical evidence needed for differentiated intervention measures to promote sustainable and low-carbon urban transportation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation and Logistics Optimization)

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30 pages, 2882 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fatty Acids in Lumbricidae as Biomarkers of In Situ Metals Exposure

by Aleksandra Garbacz, Danuta Kowalczyk-Pecka and Weronika Kursa

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8076; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178076 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 670

Abstract

Hard coal mining activity generates post-mining waste (waste rock). Waste rock is deposited in the environment in large quantities for reclamation of agricultural land. In this study, waste rock was treated as a potential source of metal pollutants. The research material (waste rock, [...] Read more.

Hard coal mining activity generates post-mining waste (waste rock). Waste rock is deposited in the environment in large quantities for reclamation of agricultural land. In this study, waste rock was treated as a potential source of metal pollutants. The research material (waste rock, soil, plant roots, and Lumbricidae earthworms) was obtained from sites that had been reclaimed using waste rock as well as sites without waste rock. From each site, 30 individuals (n = 30) were collected, divided into five groups, 6 individuals each. Within the group, individuals were analyzed collectively. The study tested whether selected metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Ba, Pb, Zn, and Cu) are present in waste rock and whether they can be transferred to the soil, plant root systems, and representatives of Lumbricidae, which are important bioindicators and a source of biomarkers. Particular attention was focused on the assessment of the effects of metals deposited in situ on fatty acids in representatives of Lumbricidae and on selecting a set of fatty acids that can be used as biomarkers of physiological effects, including oxidative stress. A panel of biomarker fatty acids was used, which included a panel of 17 biomarker fatty acids from 35 fatty acids analyzed. To confirm or disprove the usefulness of the biomarker fatty acid panel in earthworms, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined. The study enabled an effective comparison of reference locations with locations potentially burdened with anthropogenic sediment. The results indicate that selected metals present in the waste rock are transferred to the soil, plant root systems, and soil organisms such as Lumbricidae. Selected metals affected the lipid metabolism of Lumbricidae as stressors, leading to changes in the composition and oxidation of fatty acids. The effect on the physiological state of Lumbricidae depended on the duration of the deposit and the type of use (field, meadow, wasteland) of the land with the waste rock deposit. In earthworms obtained from sites with waste rock deposits, higher contents of biomarker saturated fatty acids and biomarker monounsaturated fatty acids and lower contents of biomarker polyunsaturated fatty acids were found compared to earthworms obtained from sites without waste rock deposits. Only Pb (lead) showed a statistically significant correlation with all analyzed parameters in earthworms obtained from sites with waste rock deposits. The results have significant practical implications for environmental protection management. The proposed set of biomarker fatty acids in Lumbricidae can be used to assess the impact of pollutants and environmental monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hazards and Sustainability)

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31 pages, 1715 KB

Open AccessReview

Advancing Electric Mobility in Andean Countries: A Systematic Review and Case Study of Ecuador

by Luis Maita Jaramillo and Diego Díaz-Sinche

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8075; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178075 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 751

Abstract

Electric mobility is emerging as a crucial solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impact. In Ecuador, the transportation sector significantly contributes to CO₂ emissions. However, the transition to electric vehicles faces several challenges, including high initial costs, insufficient [...] Read more.

Electric mobility is emerging as a crucial solution to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate environmental impact. In Ecuador, the transportation sector significantly contributes to CO₂ emissions. However, the transition to electric vehicles faces several challenges, including high initial costs, insufficient charging infrastructure, and limited battery range. This highlights the need for effective public policies and local economic incentives. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of electric mobility in Andean regions, with a particular focus on Ecuador. It employs a systematic literature review (SLR) adapted from Kitchenham’s methodology, incorporating a multicriteria hierarchical analysis to rank journals according to their relevance. The goal is to assess the growth, implementation, and limitations of electric mobility in Andean countries. Three key research questions are addressed: (i) What are the benefits associated with the transition to electric transportation in Andean countries, with a special focus on Ecuador? (ii) What are the current challenges in transitioning to electric mobility? (iii) What recent public policies are promoting electric transportation? The analysis reveals that the transition to electric mobility could significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, it faces notable challenges due to the insufficient demand for studies in electromobility plans and methodologies for defining charging points. The SLR includes a review of over 90 articles published in high-impact journals over the past six years, providing a solid foundation for decision-making in the current landscape and suggesting strategies to overcome the obstacles faced by government institutions. Finally, the study presents the reality of an installed charging infrastructure in Ecuador and the development of electric mobility in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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23 pages, 6967 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership on the Global Value Chain of Manufacturing

by Guohua Chen, Jianrui Zhou, Cheyuan Liu, Fangzhou Liu, Chunyu Zhang and Yuhan Su

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8074; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178074 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 849

Abstract

Manufacturing global value chains (GVCs) play a central role in shaping countries’ export competitiveness. However, existing studies have given limited attention to the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on manufacturing GVCs. This study examines the effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement [...] Read more.

Manufacturing global value chains (GVCs) play a central role in shaping countries’ export competitiveness. However, existing studies have given limited attention to the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on manufacturing GVCs. This study examines the effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on manufacturing GVCs. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, based on the GTAP 10 database with dynamic recursion to 2025, this study simulates various scenarios of tariff and non-tariff barrier (NTB) reductions. This model is linked to a GVC accounting framework to evaluate member countries’ trade performance in manufacturing value added, as well as their participation and position in GVCs. The results show that the CPTPP and RCEP, when implemented separately, significantly boost bilateral value-added trade within their regions, with increases of 99.4% and 65.7%, respectively. Their combined effect further strengthens global value-added trade, raising it by 5.1%. Both agreements also promote greater GVC participation in most manufacturing sectors across member economies, although their influence on sectoral positioning differs across countries. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the CPTPP and RCEP are reshaping regional production networks and affecting manufacturing development in member states. They highlight the growing importance of RTAs in shaping value chains and underscore the need to revitalize global partnerships for sustainable development. For policymakers, the results provide timely evidence on how RTAs can be leveraged to support sustainable growth in manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainability and Regional Development: Foundations and Challenges for This Symbiotic Relationship)

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17 pages, 4071 KB

Open AccessArticle

Biostimulation of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (The Common Ice Plant) by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Implication for Cadmium Phytoremediation

by Paulina Supel, Paweł Kaszycki, Sileola Olatunji, Anna Faruga and Zbigniew Miszalski

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8073; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178073 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 634

Abstract

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) employ various mechanisms to enhance plant development and growth as well as to mitigate environmental stress, including heavy metal contamination. Cadmium is a particularly severe stressor, toxic to both plants and soil microbiota. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (the common ice [...] Read more.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) employ various mechanisms to enhance plant development and growth as well as to mitigate environmental stress, including heavy metal contamination. Cadmium is a particularly severe stressor, toxic to both plants and soil microbiota. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (the common ice plant), a fast-growing semi-halophyte, was previously investigated for phytoremediation potential towards saline environments and toxic metals, especially cadmium and chromium. The study was aimed at assessing whether bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of M. crystallinum treated with Cd reveal growth-promoting traits and if the plant tolerance to Cd results from a synergistic action of the Cd/salt-resistant strains. The isolates demonstrated PGP characteristics, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of ammonia, indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores. A microbial consortium consisting of these strains was developed and applied to pots with M. crystallinum. After a 14-day experiment, plant growth and Cd-accumulation potential were evaluated upon treatment with 1 mM or 10 mM Cd, either in the presence or absence of NaCl. Plant inoculation with the consortium stimulated Cd accumulation both by roots and shoots at 10 mM Cd under saline conditions. The results suggest that bioaugmentation of M. crystallinum with the bacterial community can be used as an effective, sustainable phytoremediation method for cadmium-contaminated soils. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extremophilic Plants and Microorganisms in Environmental Sustainability)

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26 pages, 3297 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Urban Heat Island Effect: A Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Analysis

by Murat Kilinc, Can Aydin, Gizem Erdogan Aydin and Damla Balci

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8072; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178072 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 828

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) effect, intensified by urbanisation and climate change, leads to increased urban temperatures and poses a serious environmental challenge. Understanding its causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies is essential for sustainable urban planning. The aim of this study is to [...] Read more.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect, intensified by urbanisation and climate change, leads to increased urban temperatures and poses a serious environmental challenge. Understanding its causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies is essential for sustainable urban planning. The aim of this study is to systematically analyse how the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been addressed in the scientific literature, to identify key research themes and their temporal evolution, and to critically highlight knowledge gaps in order to provide guidance for future research and urban planning policies. Using BERTopic, an advanced natural language processing (NLP) tool, the study extracts dominant themes from a large corpus of academic literature and tracks their evolution over time. A total of 9061 research articles from the Web of Science database were collected, pre-processed, and analysed. BERTopic clustered semantically related topics and revealed their temporal dynamics, offering insights into emerging and declining research areas. The results show that pavement materials and urban vegetation are among the most studied themes, highlighting the importance of surface materials and green infrastructure in mitigating UHI. In line with this aim, the study identifies a rising interest in urban cooling strategies, particularly reflective surfaces and ventilation corridors. Consistent with its aim, the study provides a comprehensive overview of UHI literature, critically identifies existing gaps, and proposes clear directions for future research. It provides supports for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers in developing data-driven strategies to mitigate UHI impacts and strengthen enhance urban climate resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Air, Climate Change and Sustainability)

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25 pages, 1689 KB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling Relations Between Digital Economy and Regional Innovation: A Multi-Transmission Effect from Environmental Performance

by Lirong Wang, Tian Wang, Shengxia Xu and Yaru Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8071; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178071 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 650

Abstract

Using the digital economy as a new carrier to drive innovation has become an indispensable strategic support for the progress of countries, while environmental protection is a necessary condition to ensure its sustainable development. A multi-transition framework is proposed in this article with [...] Read more.

Using the digital economy as a new carrier to drive innovation has become an indispensable strategic support for the progress of countries, while environmental protection is a necessary condition to ensure its sustainable development. A multi-transition framework is proposed in this article with the purpose of revealing the relations between the digital economy and regional innovation under the indirect effects of environmental performance; a mediating model and threshold effect model are used to examine empirical results considering the panel data at Chinese provincial levels. Moreover, the heterogeneity and the robustness also verified the multi-transition effect. The research findings are as follows: First, the digital economy can significantly enhance regional innovation capacity, which also shows obvious dimensional and geographical heterogeneities. Second, a mediating effect of the digital economy on regional innovation under environmental performance is considered, and environmental performance has an increasingly significant role in fostering regional innovation as the digital economy continues to grow, indicating that improving environmental performance is an essential strategy for achieving the steady release of innovation dividends. Furthermore, the above results are provided with heterogeneity and robustness under PM_2.5, COVID-19, and regional innovation quantiles. Therefore, focusing on regional innovation via environmental performance is necessary, and policymakers and professionals should pay more attention to further stimulating regional innovation potential. Full article

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20 pages, 10433 KB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Assessment of Geological Hazards in Highly Vegetated Areas Based on Multi-Source Radar Remote Sensing Data: Supporting Sustainable Disaster Risk Management

by Mengmeng Liu, Wendong Li, Yu Ye, Xia Li, Wei Wei and Cunlin Xin

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8070; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178070 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 546

Abstract

Xiahe County, in the northwestern Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, faces recurrent geological hazards—including landslides and debris flows. Geological hazards in highly vegetated regions pose severe threats to ecological balance, human settlements, and socio-economic sustainability, hindering the achievement of sustainable development [...] Read more.

Xiahe County, in the northwestern Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, faces recurrent geological hazards—including landslides and debris flows. Geological hazards in highly vegetated regions pose severe threats to ecological balance, human settlements, and socio-economic sustainability, hindering the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Due to the significant topographic relief and high vegetation coverage in this region, traditional manual ground-based surveys face substantial challenges in the investigation and identification of geological hazards, necessitating the adoption of advanced monitoring and identification techniques. This study employs a comprehensive approach integrating optical remote sensing, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to investigate and identify geological hazards in the eastern part of Xiahe County, exploring the application capabilities and effectiveness of multisource remote sensing techniques in hazard identification. The results indicate that this study has shortened the time required for on-site investigations by improving the efficiency of disaster identification while also providing comprehensive, multi-angle, and high-precision remote sensing outcomes. These achievements offer robust support for sustainable disaster management and land use planning in ecologically fragile regions. Optical remote sensing, InSAR, and UAV photogrammetry each possess unique advantages and application scopes, but single-technique approaches are insufficient to fully address potential hazard identification. Developing a comprehensive investigation and identification framework that integrates and complements the strengths of multisource technologies has proven to be an effective pathway for the rapid investigation, identification, and evaluation of geological hazards. These results contribute to regional sustainability by enabling targeted risk mitigation, minimizing disaster-induced ecological and economic losses, and enhancing the resilience of vulnerable communities. Full article

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18 pages, 1159 KB

Open AccessArticle

High-Residue and Reduced Tillage Enhances Soil Fertility, Weed Suppression, and Crop Yield in Organic Vegetable Systems

by Jacob Pecenka, Arianna Bozzolo and Andrew Smith

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8069; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178069 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 671

Abstract

Organic annual vegetable farming systems often rely on intensive tillage for weed management due to the prohibition of synthetic herbicides. Regenerative organic agriculture aims to improve soil health and reduce the frequency and intensity of soil tillage by using cover crops as high-residue [...] Read more.

Organic annual vegetable farming systems often rely on intensive tillage for weed management due to the prohibition of synthetic herbicides. Regenerative organic agriculture aims to improve soil health and reduce the frequency and intensity of soil tillage by using cover crops as high-residue mulches to suppress weeds. In southern coastal California, the moderate climate supports year-round vegetable production, discouraging many growers from integrating cover crops into their operation and leaving sustainability-minded growers with few strategies to produce organic vegetables outside of reliance on tillage. This study evaluates standard organic tillage practices versus high-residue cover-crop mulch system on squash, peppers, and eggplant over two seasons. We assessed treatment effects on soil health indicators, weed pressure, and crop production. Soil under the cover-crop system improved soil organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen, microbially active carbon, and water infiltration compared to bare soil. Weed biomass was substantially lower under the high-residue mulch due to persistent surface cover. Crop yield was 82%, 169%, and 189% higher in the cover-crop plots for squash, pepper, and eggplant, respectively. These findings demonstrate that high-residue cover-crop systems can enhance soil health, reduce weed pressure, and substantially increase yields, providing evidence-based strategies for implementing regenerative organic practices in vegetable systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agriculture, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation)

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27 pages, 2505 KB

Open AccessArticle

CAD Assistant for Evaluating the Economic and Ecological Sustainability of Products

by Johannes Scholz, Alexander Adam Boczek, Nils Topp, Johanna Krueger, Florian Kößler and Jürgen Fleischer

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8068; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178068 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 548

Abstract

The greatest influence on the economic and ecological sustainability of a product can be exerted in the early stages of product development. However, limited knowledge about the product makes it difficult to make decisions based on a solid data base. For this purpose, [...] Read more.

The greatest influence on the economic and ecological sustainability of a product can be exerted in the early stages of product development. However, limited knowledge about the product makes it difficult to make decisions based on a solid data base. For this purpose, it is required to provide the necessary information for an economic and ecological evaluation as well as decision support during the design in the CAD system. This raises the question of how a sustainability assessment for the raw material and production phase can be carried out based on a 3D CAD model and the requirements for a part. For this purpose, this paper presents a methodology to generate feasible and assessable material and manufacturing process chain combinations. Furthermore, a methodology for automatic economic and ecological evaluation of the 3D CAD model is implemented. The result is a CAD assistant that enables decisions to be made directly within the CAD system based on economic and ecological criteria. A suitable database structure is developed to provide the necessary information. The CAD assistant is then demonstrated with two case studies, which show the possibilities of the developed tool. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Managing Sustainable Development: Technology, Modelling & Applications)

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2 pages, 155 KB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: El Chami et al. A Life Cycle Assessment to Evaluate the Environmental Benefits of Applying the Circular Economy Model to the Fertiliser Sector. Sustainability 2023, 15, 15468

by Daniel El Chami, Raffaella Santagata, Stefania Moretti, Luca Moreschi, Adriana Del Borghi and Michela Gallo

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8067; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178067 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 454

Abstract

In the research of El Chami et al [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

17 pages, 4048 KB

Open AccessArticle

CFD-Based Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery and Pressure Drop in Rotary Sinter Coolers Under Varying Bed Properties and Inlet Conditions

by İbrahim Zengin, Kubilay Bayramoğlu, Nuri Özgür Aydın, Halil İbrahim Topal, Beytullah Erdoğan and Şeyma Ulukaya

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8066; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178066 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 657

Abstract

Demonstrating the waste heat recovery potential of rotary sinter coolers in iron production facilities is critical for improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. In this study, numerical analyses were performed for the rotary cooler, and the system’s waste heat recovery capacity was [...] Read more.

Demonstrating the waste heat recovery potential of rotary sinter coolers in iron production facilities is critical for improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. In this study, numerical analyses were performed for the rotary cooler, and the system’s waste heat recovery capacity was optimized. The effects of particle size, porosity ratio, and inlet air temperature on system performance were examined in detail. Considering two different air outlet regions, the relationships between temperature profiles, cooling efficiency, and pressure loss were evaluated. The findings indicate that there is significant waste heat potential in high-temperature regions and that the system’s energy performance can be improved by recovering this energy. Furthermore, it was found that porosity and particle diameter have decisive effects on both heat transfer and pressure loss. For example, increasing the porosity ratio from 0.3 to 0.5 resulted in a 26% decrease in outlet air temperature and an 82.5% decrease in pressure drop. Similarly, increasing the particle diameter from 0.04 m to 0.08 m reduced the outlet temperature in one region by 11.2 K and the pressure loss by approximately 45%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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25 pages, 5254 KB

Open AccessArticle

Advancing Sustainability and Resilience in Vulnerable Rural and Coastal Communities Facing Environmental Change with a Regionally Focused Composite Mapping Framework

by Thomas O’Shea, Dónall Cross, Mark G. Macklin and Chris Thomas

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8065; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178065 - 8 Sep 2025

Viewed by 742

Abstract

Rural and coastal communities in areas of socio-economic deprivation face increasing exposure to compound climate-related hazards, including flooding, erosion and extreme heat. Effective adaptation planning in these contexts requires approaches that integrate physical hazard modelling with measures of social vulnerability in a transparent [...] Read more.

Rural and coastal communities in areas of socio-economic deprivation face increasing exposure to compound climate-related hazards, including flooding, erosion and extreme heat. Effective adaptation planning in these contexts requires approaches that integrate physical hazard modelling with measures of social vulnerability in a transparent and reproducible way. This study develops and applies the Adaptive and Resilient Rural-Coastal Communities in Lincolnshire (ARRCC-L) framework, a sequential process combining data collation, two-dimensional hydraulic simulation using LISFLOOD-FP, and composite vulnerability mapping. The framework is versioned and protocolised to support replication, and is applied to Lincolnshire, UK, integrating UKCP18 climate projections, high-resolution flood models, infrastructure accessibility data and deprivation indices to generate multi-scenario flood exposure assessments for 2020–2100. The findings demonstrate how open, reproducible modelling can underpin inclusive stakeholder engagement and inform equitable adaptation strategies. By situating hazard analysis within a socio-economic context, the ARRCC-L framework offers a transferable decision support tool for embedding resilience considerations into regional planning, supporting both local adaptation measures and national risk governance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Flood Risk Management: Challenges and Resilience)

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31 pages, 3665 KB

Open AccessArticle

Collaborative Mechanism of Soil and Water Ecological Governance Under Public–Private Partnership Model Considering Carbon Trading

by Junhua Zhang, Xiaodan Yun, Yaohong Yang, Ran Jing and Wenchao Jin

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8064; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178064 - 7 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1519

Abstract

In the current soil erosion control efforts, the lack of collaboration among multiple stakeholders is a major problem that restricts governance performance. Based on carbon trading and the Public–Private Partnership model, this paper constructs a tripartite differential game model involving the government, enterprises, [...] Read more.

In the current soil erosion control efforts, the lack of collaboration among multiple stakeholders is a major problem that restricts governance performance. Based on carbon trading and the Public–Private Partnership model, this paper constructs a tripartite differential game model involving the government, enterprises, and farmers, focusing on the government subsidy and the enterprise–farmer benefit-sharing mechanism. It systematically analyzes the dynamic evolution process of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance behavior under the collaborative mechanism. Through numerical simulation, the impacts of key variables such as benefit-sharing ratio, synergy effect of measures, and unit carbon sequestration on the optimization of enterprise governance measures, effort level, government fiscal expenditure, and tripartite benefits were analyzed. The results indicate that (1) the benefit-sharing ratio has a significant bidirectional regulatory effect on the system, with both excessively high and excessively low ratios weakening the collaborative governance effect; (2) the synergistic effect between governance measures significantly enhances the enthusiasm of enterprise governance and promotes the allocation of resources towards measure with better carbon sequestration benefits; and (3) the unit carbon sequestration significantly affects governance structure and government subsidy strategies, with the government being more sensitive to carbon sink responses of afforestation measures. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the ecological governance system under the “dual carbon” goal and also provide policy references for promoting the transformation of governance model from “government-led” to “multi-stakeholder collaboration”. Full article

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31 pages, 2138 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainability Assessment of a Blockchain-Secured Solar Energy Logger for Edge IoT Environments

by Javad Vasheghani Farahani and Horst Treiblmaier

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8063; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178063 - 7 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1006

Abstract

In this paper, we design, implement, and empirically evaluate a tamper-evident, blockchain-secured solar energy logging system for resource-constrained edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Using a Merkle tree batching approach in conjunction with threshold-triggered blockchain anchoring, the system combines high-frequency local logging with [...] Read more.

In this paper, we design, implement, and empirically evaluate a tamper-evident, blockchain-secured solar energy logging system for resource-constrained edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Using a Merkle tree batching approach in conjunction with threshold-triggered blockchain anchoring, the system combines high-frequency local logging with energy-efficient, cryptographically verifiable submissions to the Ethereum Sepolia testnet, a public Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain. The logger captured and hashed cryptographic chains on a minute-by-minute basis during a continuous 135 h deployment on a Raspberry Pi equipped with an INA219 sensor. Thanks to effective retrial and daily rollover mechanisms, it committed 130 verified Merkle batches to the blockchain without any data loss or unverifiable records, even during internet outages. The system offers robust end-to-end auditability and tamper resistance with low operational and carbon overhead, which was tested with comparative benchmarking against other blockchain logging models and conventional local and cloud-based loggers. The findings illustrate the technical and sustainability feasibility of digital audit trails based on blockchain technology for distributed solar energy systems. These audit trails facilitate scalable environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting, automated renewable energy certification, and transparent carbon accounting. Full article

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19 pages, 757 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Technological Progress and Industrial Structure Upgrading on Agricultural Economic Resilience: An Empirical Study in China

by Changyu Ren, Weizhong Liu, Tong Xiao, Alessandra Castellini and Giulia Maesano

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8062; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178062 - 7 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1486

Abstract

Technological advancements are a key engine for improving productivity and are fundamental to enhancing the resilience of the agricultural economy by influencing production methods and driving structural transformation. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of technological progress on agricultural [...] Read more.

Technological advancements are a key engine for improving productivity and are fundamental to enhancing the resilience of the agricultural economy by influencing production methods and driving structural transformation. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of technological progress on agricultural economic resilience in China, with particular attention to (i) its direct effects on resistance, recovery, and reconstruction; (ii) its indirect effects through the upgrading of the agricultural industrial structure; and (iii) its potential nonlinear effects under different structural thresholds. To achieve this, a multidimensional evaluation framework has been developed to assess agricultural economic resilience through three distinct dimensions: resistance, recovery, and reconstruction. Using fixed effects, mediation, threshold and spatial Durbin models, we empirically analyze the impact pathways. The results suggest that technological progress significantly increases agricultural resilience, with robustness confirmed by various tests including model substitution and variable replacement. Furthermore, regional heterogeneity is evident, with the central region showing the strongest positive effect. The mediation analysis shows that modernization of industrial structure serves as an important transmission channel, while the threshold regression identifies nonlinear effects, with significant improvements occurring beyond certain structural thresholds. The results underline the importance of promoting technological innovation in agriculture, developing region-specific support measures and accelerating structural optimization to strengthen the resilience of agriculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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31 pages, 467 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustaining Consumer Excitement: The Role of Online Customer Experience and Engagement in Shaping Behavioural Intentions in Food Social Commerce

by Hesty Nurul Utami, Muhammad Okiba Jauhari Elfa, Sulistyodewi Nur Wiyono, Dwi Novanda Sari and Tomy Perdana

Sustainability 2025, 17(17), 8061; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178061 - 7 Sep 2025

Viewed by 1136

Abstract

This study examines the determinants of online customer engagement (OCE) and its role in influencing the repurchase intention of healthy food through social commerce (s-commerce) platforms. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, 300 Indonesian urban shoppers were surveyed to explore the impact of customer [...] Read more.

This study examines the determinants of online customer engagement (OCE) and its role in influencing the repurchase intention of healthy food through social commerce (s-commerce) platforms. Using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, 300 Indonesian urban shoppers were surveyed to explore the impact of customer internal and external buying stimuli through online content quality (OCQ) and customer experiences, encompassing hedonic and social value. PLS-SEM analysis highlights the significance of OCQ in enhancing customer trust and engagement while underscoring the importance of emotional gratification and perceived social benefits mediating customer engagement in building repurchase intentions. The analysis also reveals the insignificant direct effect between social value and repurchase intention, suggesting a more nuanced mechanism in consumer behavioural response. The findings provide theoretical insights into s-commerce research and practical implications for designing online food services to retain customers, emphasising the need for integrative strategies incorporating emotional, social, and informational elements. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer behaviour in using social media for healthy food marketing. It offers sustainable and actionable recommendations for the digital era. Full article

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