Sustainability

25 pages, 2163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bi-Level Interactive Optimization of Distribution Network–Agricultural Park with Distributed Generation Support

by Ke Xu, Chang Liu, Shijun Chen, Weiting Xu, Chuan Yuan, Dengli Jiang, Peilin Li and Youbo Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5228; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115228 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 378

Abstract

The large-scale integration of renewable energy and the use of high-energy-consuming equipment in agricultural parks have a great influence on the security of rural distribution networks. To ensure reliable power delivery for residential and agricultural activities and sustainable management of distributed energy resources, [...] Read more.

The large-scale integration of renewable energy and the use of high-energy-consuming equipment in agricultural parks have a great influence on the security of rural distribution networks. To ensure reliable power delivery for residential and agricultural activities and sustainable management of distributed energy resources, this paper develops a distributed generation-supported interactive optimization framework coordinating distribution networks and agricultural parks. Specifically, a wind–photovoltaic scenario generation method based on Copula functions is first proposed to characterize the uncertainties of renewable generation. Based on the generated scenario, a bi-level interactive optimization framework consisting of a distribution network and agricultural park is constructed. At the upper level, the distribution network operators ensure the security of the distribution network by reconfiguration, coordinated distributed resource dispatch, and dynamic price compensation mechanisms to guide the agricultural park’s electricity consumption strategy. At the lower level, the agricultural park users maximize their economic benefits by adjusting controllable loads in response to price compensation incentives. Additionally, an improved particle swarm optimization combined with a Gurobi solver is proposed to obtain equilibrium by iterative solving. The simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed method can reduce the operation costs of the distribution network and improve the satisfaction of users in agricultural parks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Management for Distributed Energy Resources)

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13 pages, 2572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictive Control for Grid-Forming Single-Stage PV System Without Energy Storage

by Xiao Zeng, Pengcheng Yang, Hongda Cai, Jing Li, Yanghong Xia and Wei Wei

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5227; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115227 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 278

Abstract

Unlike diesel generators or energy storage systems, photovoltaic (PV) arrays lack inherent rotational inertia and have output limitations due to their operational environmental dependencies. These characteristics restrict their suitability as primary power system backbone components. This study proposes a grid-forming (GF) control strategy [...] Read more.

Unlike diesel generators or energy storage systems, photovoltaic (PV) arrays lack inherent rotational inertia and have output limitations due to their operational environmental dependencies. These characteristics restrict their suitability as primary power system backbone components. This study proposes a grid-forming (GF) control strategy for PV inverters in low voltage grid (LVG) using a model predictive control (MPC) approach. The proposed method introduces a novel predictive model accounting for capacitor dynamics to precisely regulate both AC-side output voltage and DC-side voltage. Furthermore, in this paper, P-V droop control replaces the traditional frequency regulation, achieving the real-time balance of DC/AC power and seamless sharing of multiple photovoltaic power sources. By integrating a modified cost function, the controller can flexibly switch between maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and power reserve mode according to varying output demands. The proposed strategy can provide advanced frequency stability, MPPT accuracy, and fast dynamic response under rapidly changing solar irradiance and load conditions. Simulation and experimental tests are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Full article

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25 pages, 1845 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Future of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Youth Perspectives in Greece and Poland

by Marta Czyżewska, Elżbieta Szczygieł, Georgios Tsaples, Dimitra B. Manou and Jason Papathanasiou

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5226; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115226 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 356

Abstract

The article compares the young generation’s perspectives on social and environmental problems in Greece and Poland. We examine the visions of young generation representatives for solving these problems and their role in developing sustainable enterprises. A quantitative analysis was conducted using a k-means [...] Read more.

The article compares the young generation’s perspectives on social and environmental problems in Greece and Poland. We examine the visions of young generation representatives for solving these problems and their role in developing sustainable enterprises. A quantitative analysis was conducted using a k-means clustering algorithm in Python to analyze youth perspectives on sustainable enterprises in both countries. The method offers several benefits, including uncovering unexpected patterns, simplifying the data, and highlighting shared views across both countries. The results show that the youth in Greece and Poland widely support the inclusion of social and environmental considerations into business strategies, and despite some differences in the strengths of opinions, they agree that businesses should integrate sustainability into their mission. However, different clusters reveal varying levels of youth knowledge and awareness. Young people believe that businesses should prioritize sustainability, but acknowledge the difficulty of balancing profits with social and environmental goals. Financial support, specific skills, and experience are necessary for establishing sustainable enterprises. An enabling environment and youth empowerment are critical for promoting youth’s sustainable entrepreneurship. Future research could focus on the enabling factors that impact the willingness of youth to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship and on the ways and tools to provide necessary support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainable Business Development in a Changing Economic Environment)

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22 pages, 3326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collaborative Multi-Objective Optimization of Combustion and Emissions in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers Using the Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network and Hybrid Dung Beetle Optimizer

by Gang Chen, Daxin Yin and Feipeng Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5225; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115225 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 283

Abstract

With the increasing global focus on sustainable development, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, as highly efficient and low-pollution combustion equipment, play an important role in energy production and environmental protection. However, the combustion efficiency and emission control of CFB boilers still face challenges, [...] Read more.

With the increasing global focus on sustainable development, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, as highly efficient and low-pollution combustion equipment, play an important role in energy production and environmental protection. However, the combustion efficiency and emission control of CFB boilers still face challenges, and there is an urgent need for multi-objective optimization through advanced technologies to support the goal of sustainable development. This study proposes an intelligent framework integrating Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Network (BiTCN) and Hybrid Dung Beetle Optimizer (HDBO) for multi-objective optimization of combustion efficiency and NOx/SO₂ emissions in CFB boilers. The BiTCN model captures bidirectional temporal dependencies between dynamic parameters (e.g., air-coal ratio, bed temperature) and target variables through operational data analysis. Three key improvements are implemented in DBO: (1) Chaotic initialization via sequential pattern mining (SPM) enhances population diversity and spatial coverage; (2) The osprey optimization algorithm (OOA) hunting mechanism replaces the original rolling update strategy, improving global exploration; (3) t-Distribution perturbation is applied to foraging beetles in later iterations, leveraging its “sharp peak and thick tail” characteristics to dynamically balance exploitation and exploration. Experimental results demonstrate 0.5–1% combustion efficiency improvement and 15.1%/30% reductions in NOx/SO₂ emissions for a typical CFB boiler. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology Applications in Sustainable Energy and Power Engineering)

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24 pages, 2998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Limited Role of Socio-Ecological Indicators in Temporary Use of Space—Deficits in Revitalization of Degraded Urban Areas

by Matjaž Uršič and Tina Cotič

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5224; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115224 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 356

Abstract

Temporary use of space in degraded areas is gaining significance in spatial planning due to limitations and conflicts stemming from traditional models that overlook social (soft) environmental components. This article addresses the lack of socio-ecological indicators in contextual analyses that precede planning processes [...] Read more.

Temporary use of space in degraded areas is gaining significance in spatial planning due to limitations and conflicts stemming from traditional models that overlook social (soft) environmental components. This article addresses the lack of socio-ecological indicators in contextual analyses that precede planning processes in degraded areas. Using a plural case study approach across sites in Portugal and Slovenia, it combines primary data from semi-structured questionnaires and terrain analysis with secondary sources. The findings reveal that only specific types of temporary uses foster dynamic and adaptive social networks among stakeholders. These networks enhance the social and environmental sustainability of urban areas, particularly when socio-ecological indicators are refined to account for informal practices, community engagement and cultural value. Furthermore, the study highlights how these practices contribute to social sustainability by supporting inclusive governance models and stimulating local economies. A key finding of the study is the identification of a strong link between social networks and environmental sustainability, highlighting the need to incorporate updated socio-ecological indicators into spatial planning for degraded areas. Temporary uses are not merely stop-gap solutions but also strategic tools for cultivating sustainable urban areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)

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23 pages, 593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Economy: The Engine of Public Service Efficiency

by Wei Ye, Xiaozhou Liu, Jinlong Li and Rong Wu

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5223; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115223 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 191

Abstract

Enhancing public service efficiency is crucial for the Chinese government to ensure sustainable economic development. This study compiles data from 288 cities in China from 2011 to 2022 to construct an evaluation framework for the digital economy and public service efficiency. It also [...] Read more.

Enhancing public service efficiency is crucial for the Chinese government to ensure sustainable economic development. This study compiles data from 288 cities in China from 2011 to 2022 to construct an evaluation framework for the digital economy and public service efficiency. It also develops relevant econometric models to examine their impacts and underlying mechanisms. The results show that the digital economy significantly boosts local public service efficiency, with a more pronounced effect in cities with high or low initial efficiency levels and a less pronounced effect in those with moderate efficiency. The positive moderating roles of the political environment, government autonomy, urban innovation capacity, and social attention are also observed. This study suggests that local governments develop adaptive digital roadmaps to promote the digital economy and enhance public service efficiency. These findings enrich our understanding of how the digital economy influences public service efficiency and offer valuable insights for enhancing public service efficiency. Full article

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19 pages, 951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Rise and Fall of Regions: A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Analysis of Türkiye’s Regional Economies’ Sustainable Performance

by Nazli Tekman and Muhammed Ordu

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5222; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115222 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 381

Abstract

Macroeconomic indicators are essential measures that reflect the overall economic wellbeing of a region or country and have a significant impact on investment decisions. The data on macroeconomic indicators for Turkish development regions facilitate a comparison of macroeconomic performance between these regions. This [...] Read more.

Macroeconomic indicators are essential measures that reflect the overall economic wellbeing of a region or country and have a significant impact on investment decisions. The data on macroeconomic indicators for Turkish development regions facilitate a comparison of macroeconomic performance between these regions. This kind of analysis can help enhance the development levels of the regions while ensuring resources are used efficiently. This study compares the macroeconomic performance of Turkish development regions between 2019 and 2022 using a hybrid multi-criteria analysis method. A total of 26 regions were evaluated based on seven criteria: GDP, GDP per capita, employment rate, number of enterprises, export, unemployment rate, and import. The criteria were weighted using the Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method and ranked using the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method. This study addresses a gap in the literature by analyzing the macroeconomic performance of Turkish regions, aiming to reduce economic disparities. The results showed that the Istanbul region had the best performance over the 4-year period, while Eastern Anatolia experienced a consistently declining performance, ranking last. Some regions had fluctuating performances, while others maintained steady outcomes. This study advances research by offering a more reliable and comprehensive analysis, thereby contributing to the improvement of future studies on regional economic development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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31 pages, 1364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Intergenerational Distribution of Ecological Values of Cultivated Land: A Case of Lezhi County, China

by Li Yuan, Xun Fan, Jing Xu and Haidong Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5221; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115221 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 228

Abstract

The ecological value of cultivated land carries clear intergenerational implications, requiring a fair allocation mechanism across the full life cycle to address market failures caused by intergenerational externalities. This study constructs an intergenerational allocation model of cultivated land ecological value based on the [...] Read more.

The ecological value of cultivated land carries clear intergenerational implications, requiring a fair allocation mechanism across the full life cycle to address market failures caused by intergenerational externalities. This study constructs an intergenerational allocation model of cultivated land ecological value based on the Diamond framework. The intra-generational consumption elasticity coefficient is derived using the Tapio decoupling theory, with the ratio of cultivated land quantity change to per capita net income change as the core indicator. Statistical data from Lezhi County (1984–2022) are used for empirical analysis. The fitted elasticity coefficient shows a steady decline and eventually converges to zero, indicating a weakening willingness of the current generation to consume ecological value, thus supporting the logic of preserving value for future generations. A simplified Pearl growth curve is then used to construct the development stage coefficient, representing the evolving realization of ecological value among future generations. Engel coefficient forecasts based on the GM(1,1) model enable year-by-year estimation of ecological value allocation to future generations. The results show that (1) the ecological value of cultivated land in Lezhi County is estimated at CNY 65,498,230/ha, (2) the proposed model effectively simulates intergenerational value allocation, (3) decoupling theory supports the hypothesis of equal intergenerational sharing, and (4) the development stage coefficient curve provides a dynamic perspective on long-term ecological value realization. This research offers a data-driven modeling approach that enhances both the fairness and the efficiency of land governance, contributing methodological support for sustainable cultivated land protection and ecological compensation policies. Full article

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Graphical abstract

18 pages, 2012 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flood Analysis in Lower Filyos Basin Using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS Software

by Berna Aksoy

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5220; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115220 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 285

Abstract

Flood events have become more frequent as a result of seasonal changes, global warming, and changes in sea level. In terms of basin management, it is necessary to know the hydrodynamics of the basin in order to produce faster solutions in emergency action [...] Read more.

Flood events have become more frequent as a result of seasonal changes, global warming, and changes in sea level. In terms of basin management, it is necessary to know the hydrodynamics of the basin in order to produce faster solutions in emergency action plans. The Filyos River is one of the two most important floodplains in the western Black Sea basin and has so far only been analyzed to a limited extent using modern hydrological and hydraulic models. In order to analyze the flood dynamics and determine the flood risks in the Filyos River. In this context, flood hydrographs, rainfall depths, peak flows, and excess water volumes were calculated for different return periods (2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years) using HEC-RAS, HEC-HMS, and Hyfran Plus software. The analyses showed that the rainfall depth and peak flow rate increased significantly as the return period increased. It was also observed that although the volume of precipitation increased, the amount of water converted into surface runoff remained limited due to infiltration and other losses. The results of the study contribute to the identification of high flood-risk areas in the Filyos River basin, the improvement of flood prevention infrastructure, and the development of sustainable water management policies. Analyses using modeling tools such as HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS provide a scientific basis to help local governments and decision makers strengthen flood prevention strategies, update risk maps, and make emergency response plans more effective while making flood scenarios more reliable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Water, Wastewater Management Technologies and Environmental Sustainability)

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16 pages, 2116 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Battery Active Grouping and Balancing Based on the Optimal Energy Transfer Direction

by Hongxia Wu, Hongfei Zhao, Junjie Yang, Dongchen Qin and Jiangyi Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5219; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115219 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 191

Abstract

In this work, a battery active grouping equalization control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) was proposed, which can promote cell consistency, equalization speed and energy loss during the battery equalization process. The dynamic group equalization topology based on reconfigurable circuits can [...] Read more.

In this work, a battery active grouping equalization control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) was proposed, which can promote cell consistency, equalization speed and energy loss during the battery equalization process. The dynamic group equalization topology based on reconfigurable circuits can achieve dynamic grouping. Using a battery state observation estimator and the MPC controller, multiple non-adjacent cells can realize simultaneous equalization in a single equalization process. An algorithm is designed to determine the optimal energy transfer direction and the optimal equalization current. The objective function of this algorithm incorporates weight coefficients that represent the relative importance of equalization time and energy loss. Simulation tests are conducted to evaluate the battery pack state-of-charge (SOC) root mean square, average temperature, and equalization time under various weight coefficients. Compared with two other traditional equalization control strategies, the proposed strategy reduces the equalization time by 43.93%, decreases the battery pack SOC variance by 50.18%, and improves the energy transfer efficiency by 0.59%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

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34 pages, 2289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Multi-Period Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Planning in Carbon Conscious Supply Chain: An Approach Based on Prediction and Optimization

by Basma Abassi, Sadok Turki and Sofiene Dellagi

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5218; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115218 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 280

Abstract

This paper presents a joint optimization framework for multi-period planning in a Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Supply Chain (MRTSC), focusing on carbon emission reduction and economic efficiency. A novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to coordinate procurement, production, remanufacturing, transportation, and returns under [...] Read more.

This paper presents a joint optimization framework for multi-period planning in a Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Supply Chain (MRTSC), focusing on carbon emission reduction and economic efficiency. A novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to coordinate procurement, production, remanufacturing, transportation, and returns under environmental constraints, aligned with carbon tax policies and the Paris Agreement. To address uncertainty in future demand and the number of returned used products (NRUP), a two-stage approach combining forecasting and optimization is applied. Among several predictive methods evaluated, a hybrid SARIMA/VAR model is selected for its accuracy. The MILP model, implemented in CPLEX, generates optimal decisions based on these forecasts. A case study demonstrates notable improvements in cost efficiency and emission reduction over traditional approaches. The results show that the proposed model consistently maintained strong service levels through flexible planning and responsive transport scheduling, minimizing both unmet demand and inventory excesses throughout the planning horizon. Additionally, the findings indicate that carbon taxation caused a sharp drop in profit with only limited emission reductions, highlighting the need for parallel support for cleaner technologies and more integrated sustainability strategies. The analysis further reveals a clear trade-off between emission reduction and operational performance, as stricter carbon limits lead to lower profitability and service levels despite environmental gains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization of Sustainable Transport Process Networks)

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24 pages, 601 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Community-Based Homestay as a Form of Sustainable Tourism in Nigeria

by Opemipo Alaba Ijose and Birendra KC

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5217; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115217 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 397

Abstract

This study examined the potential for developing community-based homestays in Nigeria. Community-based homestays are a sustainable form of tourism that has the capacity to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With its abundant natural and cultural resources, Nigeria has not yet fully utilized [...] Read more.

This study examined the potential for developing community-based homestays in Nigeria. Community-based homestays are a sustainable form of tourism that has the capacity to promote the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With its abundant natural and cultural resources, Nigeria has not yet fully utilized these potentials for community-based homestays, which could serve as a strategy for the sustainable development of local communities facing livelihood challenges. Stakeholder theory serves as the theoretical foundation for this study, particularly in its application to a nascent concept. We proposed a framework for effective tourism development in Nigeria, focusing on acceptability, feasibility, and potential outcomes. Qualitative research was conducted through focus group discussions (FDGs) with purposively selected tourism stakeholders, including academia, tour operators, NGOs, and local communities, and further analyzed thematically. The study emphasizes that embracing stakeholder theory rather than relying on a top-down approach is crucial for effectively addressing the varied concerns of key participants before launching community-based homestay tourism. This approach seeks to maximize benefits while minimizing challenges. The result shows that developing community-based homestay tourism in Nigeria is achievable if all stakeholders work together to create supportive tourism policies and agree on a collaborative management framework for the initiative. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the needs of residents by including them in the homestay management committee. Local communities should receive sufficient funding, and effective marketing strategies must be put in place to promote the initiative. To ensure acceptance of homestay tourism among local communities, it is vital to communicate its benefits to potential operators, respect local cultures, and guarantee that economic gains are shared fairly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Tourism and Green Destination Management)

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16 pages, 2842 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Meta-Analysis of Shared Mobility Adoption: The Role of Cultural Moderators and Key Psychological Determinants

by Fengyu Guo and Linjie Gao

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5216; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115216 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 207

Abstract

In order to address the theoretical deficiencies present in the current literature regarding the willingness to utilize shared transportation—specifically the fragmented influencing factors and the ambiguous cultural regulatory mechanisms—this research employed a meta-analytic methodology. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic screening of [...] Read more.

In order to address the theoretical deficiencies present in the current literature regarding the willingness to utilize shared transportation—specifically the fragmented influencing factors and the ambiguous cultural regulatory mechanisms—this research employed a meta-analytic methodology. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic screening of 35 empirical studies was conducted (17 in Chinese and 18 in English), which collectively examined 21 potential predictor variables. Following the execution of heterogeneity tests and assessments of publication bias, a random-effects model was applied for the analysis. The results reveal that attitude, subjective norms, and performance expectations exhibit medium effect sizes, while perceived behavioral control, social influence, and trust show weak effects. Conversely, perceived risk is found to have a significant negative impact. Further analysis of moderating effects indicates that collectivist cultures significantly reduce the strength of the effects of subjective norms (Δβ = −0.047) and social influences (Δβ = −0.139). Additionally, the influence of subjective norms is more pronounced in cultures characterized by low uncertainty avoidance (0.371 vs. 0.265). This study offers a theoretical framework for the cross-cultural adaptation of shared transportation systems and establishes an empirical basis for the differentiated development of sustainable urban transportation policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Determinants of Sustainable Mobility Behaviors)

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18 pages, 5907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Analysis of Urban Planning, Energy, and Decarbonization Through a Systematic and Multivariate Approach, Identifying Research Trends in Sustainability in Latin America

by Cristian Cuji, Luis Tipán, Monica Dazzini and Jessica Guaman-Pozo

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5215; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115215 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 296

Abstract

This study analyzes the intersection of energy, urban planning, decarbonization, and sustainability as a central axis for addressing urban development challenges in Latin America. A systematic search of the Scopus database selected 509 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The documents were thematically [...] Read more.

This study analyzes the intersection of energy, urban planning, decarbonization, and sustainability as a central axis for addressing urban development challenges in Latin America. A systematic search of the Scopus database selected 509 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The documents were thematically classified into urban planning (274), energy (79), and decarbonization (147), identifying only 10 studies that simultaneously integrate at least two of these dimensions in Latin American contexts. While this sample of 10 articles does not allow for generalizations about the region, the article selects representative cases to contextualize the type of research conducted, rather than offering extrapolable results. An exploratory multivariate analysis was applied to identify patterns, thematic gaps, and convergence trends, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of the set of key concepts and Hierarchical Clustering (HCC) to group terms according to their semantic proximity. These results are complemented by co-occurrence and thematic concentration maps generated from keywords extracted from the selected articles. The findings reveal a low level of integration among the topics analyzed, justifying the need to establish new lines of interdisciplinary research. The study proposes a replicable analytical tool that guides future regional research and contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Increasing the Energy and Indoor Environmental Resilience of Buildings and Systems into the Future)

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24 pages, 2312 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Urban Renewal Mitigate the Disease of Cities? An Empirical Study Based on a PSM-DID Model

by Tianyi Liu, Hang Yan and Zeyuan Guo

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5214; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115214 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 174

Abstract

The rapid pace of urbanization has led to severe urban problems, with urban renewal emerging as an effective strategy to mitigate them. The City Betterment and Ecological Restoration (CBER) pilot scheme was an experimental policy aimed at urban renewal. Based on an optimized [...] Read more.

The rapid pace of urbanization has led to severe urban problems, with urban renewal emerging as an effective strategy to mitigate them. The City Betterment and Ecological Restoration (CBER) pilot scheme was an experimental policy aimed at urban renewal. Based on an optimized propensity score matching difference-in-differences model, the impact of the CBER pilot scheme on urban disease was examined. The results were threefold. (1) The CBER pilot scheme significantly alleviated urban disease in pilot cities. (2) The impact of the CBER pilot scheme was more pronounced in eastern and central regions of China, as well as in cities with high economic development, robust government capacity and abundant human resource. (3) Industrial structure optimization, infrastructure development and consumption upgrading were all effective pathways for mitigating urban disease through urban renewal. The findings offer valuable insights for other countries and regions to address urban problems and advance urbanization. Full article

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30 pages, 2788 KiB

Open AccessReview

Rethinking Packaging for Food Waste Prevention: A Scoping Review of Consumer Behavior and Design Opportunities

by Monireh Mahmoudi, Mina Mashayekhian, Bradley Bunch and Amin Joodaky

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5213; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115213 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 305

Abstract

Food waste poses critical environmental, economic, and social challenges, with consumer behavior recognized as a key leverage point for intervention. Packaging plays a vital role in preserving food quality and reducing waste, yet its behavioral influence on household food waste (HFW) remains underexplored. [...] Read more.

Food waste poses critical environmental, economic, and social challenges, with consumer behavior recognized as a key leverage point for intervention. Packaging plays a vital role in preserving food quality and reducing waste, yet its behavioral influence on household food waste (HFW) remains underexplored. This review systematically examines 52 studies investigating the impact of food packaging—excluding storage/date labeling—on consumer food waste (CFW) behaviors. Using a structured methodology, we classified studies by methodological design, geographic coverage, food types, and focal packaging features. The analysis reveals a dominant reliance on consumer surveys and short-duration diaries, with limited application of rigorous experimental methods. Geographically, the English-language literature is skewed toward high-income countries, particularly Australia and Europe, with notable gaps in regions such as Asia and Africa. Moreover, despite U.S. households discarding approximately 40% of their food, research coverage remains limited. The findings also expose a misalignment between research focus and consumer-perceived importance of packaging features; attributes such as transparency, grip/shape, and dispensing mechanisms are frequently rated as important by consumers but are under-represented in the literature. This review contributes by identifying these gaps, synthesizing behavioral evidence, and offering a roadmap for future research and design innovation. By better aligning packaging functionalities with real-world behaviors, this work supports the development of consumer-informed solutions to mitigate HFW and promote sustainable food systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumer Behavior, Food Waste and Sustainable Food Systems)

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19 pages, 1997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highway-Transportation-Asset Criticality Estimation Leveraging Stakeholder Input Through an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

by Kwadwo Amankwah-Nkyi, Sarah Hernandez and Suman Kumar Mitra

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5212; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115212 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 249

Abstract

Transportation agencies face increasing challenges in identifying and prioritizing which infrastructure assets are most critical to maintain and protect, particularly amid aging networks, limited budgets, and growing threats from climate change and extreme events. However, existing prioritization approaches often lack consistency and fail [...] Read more.

Transportation agencies face increasing challenges in identifying and prioritizing which infrastructure assets are most critical to maintain and protect, particularly amid aging networks, limited budgets, and growing threats from climate change and extreme events. However, existing prioritization approaches often lack consistency and fail to adequately incorporate diverse stakeholder perspectives. This study develops a systematic, stakeholder-informed method for ranking transportation assets based on their criticality to the overall transportation system. As a novel approach, we use the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and present a case study of the applied approach. Six criteria were identified for ranking assets: annual average daily traffic (AADT), redundancy, freight output, roadway classification, Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI), and tourism. Stakeholder input was collected via an AHP-based survey using pairwise comparisons and translated into weighted rankings. Thirty complete responses (13.2% response rate) from experts (i.e., engineers, analysts, planners, etc.) were analyzed, with the resulting ranks from highest to lowest priority being AADT, redundancy, freight output, roadway classification, SoVI, and tourism. Stability analysis confirmed that rankings were consistent with a minimum of 15 responses. The resulting method provides a practical, replicable tool for agencies to perform statewide vulnerability/resiliency assessments ensuring that decision-making reflects a broad range of expert perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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17 pages, 5321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing Increased Temperatures in Cities: Determination of Pedestrian Routes with Thermal Comfort in Barranquilla, Colombia

by Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo, Shersy Vega Benites, Giovanna Reyes Almeida, Samuel de Jesús Ortega Llanos, Valentina Taba-Charris, Keyla Andrea Acuña-Ruiz, Byron Standly Reales Vargas, Paula Fernanda Chapuel Aguillón, Hernando Sánchez Moreno, María Auxiliadora Iglesias-Navas and Giorgio Anfuso

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5211; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115211 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 188

Abstract

Thermal stress due to high temperatures has different negative effects on citizens as it generates a decrease in physical capacity and causes cardiovascular and respiratory alterations, which is especially true for pedestrians. In this paper, using a drone, routes for pedestrians with the [...] Read more.

Thermal stress due to high temperatures has different negative effects on citizens as it generates a decrease in physical capacity and causes cardiovascular and respiratory alterations, which is especially true for pedestrians. In this paper, using a drone, routes for pedestrians with the best thermal comfort were traced between the different headquarters of the Simón Bolívar University (Barranquilla, Colombia). Maps were created for three time intervals, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m., from 1 to 2 p.m. and from 2 to 3 p.m., and variations in temperature and relative humidity of both natural and artificial shadow areas were identified. The routes with the best thermal comfort were those with natural shade that presented ca. 3 °C less than the unshaded areas. The predominant trees’ genera in most of the traced pedestrian routes were Arecaceae (palm), Tabebuia (purple oak), Mangifera (mango), and Delonix (red acacia). Some of them lose their leaves between March and June, which gives rise to an increase in the temperature along those routes. The developed cell phone application allows for the selection of walking environments with the best thermal comfort, favoring the mobility of the pedestrians along the considered area. Full article

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20 pages, 2212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainability Index for Agrarian Expansion: A Case Study in Mato Grosso (Brazil)

by Angélica C. Graebin, Claudia Weise, Klaus Reichardt and Durval Dourado Neto

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5210; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115210 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 252

Abstract

Since the early 2000s, sustainable development in agriculture has attracted substantial political attention, institutional support, and financial commitment, raising expectations for tangible outcomes. Yet, measurable progress remains uneven. As a leading food exporter, Brazil, in particular, has come under global scrutiny for practices [...] Read more.

Since the early 2000s, sustainable development in agriculture has attracted substantial political attention, institutional support, and financial commitment, raising expectations for tangible outcomes. Yet, measurable progress remains uneven. As a leading food exporter, Brazil, in particular, has come under global scrutiny for practices deemed unsustainable—such as deforestation, excessive use of agrochemicals, and socio-environmental conflicts—despite its agricultural sector being a vital contributor to global food security. To provide policymakers with a robust monitoring tool, this study develops a nonlinear regression model that quantifies rural sustainability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions. We selected seven indicators—gross value added, average rural income, life expectancy, schooling years, preservation-area deficit, legal-reserve deficit, and water-scarcity deficit—to compute individual sub-indexes. These are combined into a composite rural sustainability index and applied to data from 141 municipalities in Mato Grosso. The results demonstrate that only municipalities achieving high and balanced scores in all three pillars can be deemed sustainable. Our framework contributes to the growing body of triple-index methodologies by offering a replicable, statistically robust tool tailored to agrarian contexts. It provides actionable insights for regional decision-makers aiming to balance productivity, environmental preservation, and social well-being in agricultural frontier regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agricultural Economics, Advisory Systems and Sustainability)

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32 pages, 2380 KiB

Open AccessReview

Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Development on Groundwater, and Flowback and Produced Water Treatment Management: A Review

by Shubiao Pan, Ye Zhang, Peili Lu, Demin Yang, Yongkui Huang, Xiaochuan Wu, Pei He and Dongxin Guo

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5209; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115209 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 217

Abstract

The rapid expansion of shale gas development has revolutionized global energy markets, yet it has also introduced substantial environmental challenges, particularly concerning groundwater resources. This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifaceted impacts of shale gas extraction on groundwater, with a focus on contamination [...] Read more.

The rapid expansion of shale gas development has revolutionized global energy markets, yet it has also introduced substantial environmental challenges, particularly concerning groundwater resources. This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifaceted impacts of shale gas extraction on groundwater, with a focus on contamination mechanisms, pollutant sources, and mitigation strategies. The study identifies key operational stages—exploration, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and flowback—as potential sources of groundwater contamination. Inorganic pollutants, including heavy metals and radionuclides, as well as organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and chemical additives, are identified as primary contaminants. The review critically evaluates current wastewater treatment technologies, including reinjection, internal reuse, and advanced desalination methods, highlighting their efficacy and limitations. Additionally, the study proposes a refined environmental management framework that integrates wellbore integrity optimization, enhanced shale gas wastewater treatment, and stringent monitoring protocols. The adoption of clean fracturing technologies and renewable energy applications is recommended to minimize environmental footprints. By establishing comprehensive baseline data and robust pollution monitoring systems, this research provides a scientific foundation for sustainable shale gas development, ensuring the protection of groundwater resources. This review emphasizes the imperative of balancing energy security with environmental sustainability, offering actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and environmental scientists. Full article

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16 pages, 464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Construction of Resilience in Aging-Friendly Cities Driven by Land Adaptive Management: An Empirical Analysis of 269 Chinese Cities Based on the Theory of Social Ecosystems

by Yifei Zhou and Yujing Pan

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5208; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115208 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 216

Abstract

In the context of accelerated urbanization and ageing in China, the inefficient use of land resources and ecological space extrusion pose significant challenges to the development of age-friendly cities. Existing studies predominantly adopt a single-disciplinary perspective, and there is a paucity of systematic [...] Read more.

In the context of accelerated urbanization and ageing in China, the inefficient use of land resources and ecological space extrusion pose significant challenges to the development of age-friendly cities. Existing studies predominantly adopt a single-disciplinary perspective, and there is a paucity of systematic exploration of regional heterogeneity and the multidimensional influencing mechanisms of the effects of adaptive land management policies. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of social-ecological system resilience in environmental sociology, this study integrates the concept of adaptive land management as a factor in the resilience of old-age-friendly cities. Empirical investigation is conducted to examine the impact of adaptive land management on the resilience of old-age-friendly cities and its spatial differentiation. The entropy weight method and the panel regression model are utilized to analyze the panel data of 269 prefectural-level cities in China from 2010 to 2022. The study posits that effective land management is instrumental in enhancing the resilience of age-friendly cities through optimal spatial allocation and ecological restoration. The promotion effect is more pronounced in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized cities. The internal dimensions of resilience demonstrate heterogeneity, with economic and social resilience showing significant improvement, and ecological resilience being constrained by natural thresholds with a limited effect. The study also puts forward policy recommendations for further building the resilience of age-friendly cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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28 pages, 4154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Data-Driven Lean Manufacturing Framework for Enhancing Productivity in Textile Micro-Enterprises

by Sebastian Tejada, Soledad Valdez, Orkun Yildiz, Rosa Salas-Castro and José C. Alvarez

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5207; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115207 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 296

Abstract

The textile sector plays a crucial role in Peru’s economy. This case study examines a Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) in the Peruvian textile sector, which experienced a productivity decline to 0.085 units per sol in 2023, compared to the sector average of [...] Read more.

The textile sector plays a crucial role in Peru’s economy. This case study examines a Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) in the Peruvian textile sector, which experienced a productivity decline to 0.085 units per sol in 2023, compared to the sector average of 0.13 units per sol. This productivity gap resulted in a 22.45% reduction in the company’s income. Previous studies addressing similar productivity issues have achieved only marginal improvements. This study aims to achieve more significant results by implementing 5S, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), digitization, and advanced data analytics to enhance data recording and overall productivity. Data analytics is utilized to transform raw data into actionable insights, optimize maintenance, and improve quality control. The methodology was tested through a pilot project in the company’s apparel division, resulting in a productivity increase of 0.10 sol/unit. The study concludes that the applied methodology, supported by data analytics, effectively addresses the productivity issues and optimizes the processes within the case study. In a textile sector MSE, which has a problem with the low productivity present during the past year of 2023, i.e., of 0.085 und/sol whereas is at 0.13 und/sol on the side of the sector, it thus generates a negative economic impact of 22.45% of the company’s income and a presenting a gap of 0.085 und/sol while the sector is at 0.13 und/sol. Previously, studies have been presented, seeking to solve similar problems and obtaining minimally positive results, which is why the motivation to achieve favorable results to ensure that the MSEs in the sector can develop optimally with the support of tools such as 5S, TPM, and innovative technologies such as digitization, thus allowing better recording of their data. The application of this methodology is designed through a pilot in the apparel area of the company, allowing it to achieve a positive result by increasing productivity by 0.10 sol/unit. It can be concluded that this methodology allows solving the problems addressed and optimizing the processes of the case study. Full article

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21 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Weather Index Insurance and Input Intensification: Evidence from Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

by Price Amanya Muleke, Yueqing Ji, Yongyi Fu and Shadrack Kipkogei

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5206; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115206 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 213

Abstract

Climate variability intensifies weather risks across smallholder rainfed farming systems in Africa. Farmers often respond by minimizing the use of modern inputs and opting for low-cost traditional practices, a strategy that decreases average yields and perpetuates poverty. While crop insurance could incentivize greater [...] Read more.

Climate variability intensifies weather risks across smallholder rainfed farming systems in Africa. Farmers often respond by minimizing the use of modern inputs and opting for low-cost traditional practices, a strategy that decreases average yields and perpetuates poverty. While crop insurance could incentivize greater adoption of inputs, indemnity-based programs face market failures. Weather index insurance (WII), which utilizes objective weather data to trigger payouts while addressing traditional crop insurance market failures, is a viable solution. However, empirical evidence on the impact of WII remains limited, with most studies relying on controlled experiments or hypothetical scenarios that overlook real-world adoption dynamics. This study analyzed observational data from 400 smallholder farmers across diverse agroecological zones in Njoro Sub-County, Kenya, using instrumental variable regression to evaluate the impact of weather index insurance (WII) on input adoption and intensity of use. Findings indicated that WII significantly increased the adoption and intensification of improved inputs while displacing traditional practices, with effects moderated by gender, financial access, and infrastructure. Specifically, active WII users applied 28.7 kg/acre more chemical fertilizer and used 2.6 kg/acre more hybrid maize seeds while reducing manure and traditional seed usage by 27 kg/acre and 2.9 kg/acre, respectively. However, the effectiveness of WII was context-dependent, varying under extreme drought conditions and in high-fertility soils, which directly affected resilience outcomes. These findings suggest that policies should combine insurance with targeted agroecological practices and complementary measures, such as improved access to credit and gender-sensitive extension programs tailored to the specific needs of women farmers, to support sustainable agricultural transformation. Full article

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28 pages, 4199 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainable SOH Prediction Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on CPO-ELM-ABKDE with Uncertainty Quantification

by Meng-Xiang Yan, Zhi-Hui Deng, Lianfeng Lai, Yong-Hong Xu, Liang Tong, Hong-Guang Zhang, Yi-Yang Li, Ming-Hui Gong and Guo-Ju Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5205; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115205 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 206

Abstract

The battery management system (BMS) is crucial for the efficient operation of batteries, with state of health (SOH) prediction being one of its core functions. Accurate SOH prediction can optimize battery management, enhance utilization and range, and extend battery lifespan. This study proposes [...] Read more.

The battery management system (BMS) is crucial for the efficient operation of batteries, with state of health (SOH) prediction being one of its core functions. Accurate SOH prediction can optimize battery management, enhance utilization and range, and extend battery lifespan. This study proposes an SOH estimation model for lithium-ion batteries that integrates the Crested Porcupine Optimizer (CPO) for parameter optimization, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) for prediction, and Adaptive Bandwidth Kernel Function Density Estimation (ABKDE) for uncertainty quantification, aiming to enhance the long-term reliability and sustainability of energy storage systems. Health factors (HFs) are extracted by analyzing the charging voltage curves and capacity increment curves of lithium-ion batteries, and their correlation with battery capacity is validated using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The ELM model is optimized using the CPO algorithm to fine-tune input weights (IWs) and biases (Bs), thereby enhancing prediction performance. Additionally, ABKDE-based probability density estimation is introduced to construct confidence intervals for uncertainty quantification, further improving prediction accuracy and stability. Experiments using the NASA battery aging dataset validate the proposed model. Comparative analysis with different models demonstrates that the CPO-ELM-ABKDE model achieves SOH estimation with a mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) within 0.65% and 1.08%, respectively, significantly outperforming other approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Optimizing Thermal Design in Energy Storage Systems)

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39 pages, 6161 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Transition Intervention Point System: A Taoist-Inspired Multidimensional Framework for Sustainability Transitions

by Na Liang and Jordi Segalas

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5204; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115204 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 280

Abstract

This paper introduces the Transition Intervention Point System (TIP-System), a Taoist-inspired theoretical framework aimed at supporting sustainability transitions by integrating multidimensional sustainability research by leveraging point theory. The TIP-System consists of 21 Transition Intervention Points (TIPs), each defined by the intersection of five [...] Read more.

This paper introduces the Transition Intervention Point System (TIP-System), a Taoist-inspired theoretical framework aimed at supporting sustainability transitions by integrating multidimensional sustainability research by leveraging point theory. The TIP-System consists of 21 Transition Intervention Points (TIPs), each defined by the intersection of five sustainability dimensions (ecological, social, economic, cultural, and inner) with distinct intervention levels (deep and shallow). The TIP-System endeavors to bridge qualitative and quantitative approaches by drawing on cross-cultural insights. It integrates deep interventions—Taoist-inspired meta-coordination, core values, and spiritual-ethical leverage points—with shallow interventions and technical transition pathways, underpinned by continuous adaptive feedback and systemic interdependencies. Preliminary empirical evidence from eight social innovation initiatives and an ongoing EU-funded rural transition project in Southern Europe suggests that the dynamic interplay among the 21 TIPs may facilitate the identification of transition states and support targeted sustainability change. However, the conceptual complexity of the TIP-System also indicates the need for further refinement to improve its practical accessibility. Future research should aim to develop more user-friendly evaluation tools and assess the framework’s performance across diverse contexts. Overall, the TIP-System provides a promising foundation for guiding transformative change across diverse contexts. Although further empirical validation is warranted, the framework’s novel perspective enriches both theoretical inquiry on and the practical application of sustainability transitions. Full article

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20 pages, 9749 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainable Strategy for Microplastic Mitigation: Fe₃O₄ Acid-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Microplastics Removal

by Ivanilson da Silva de Aquino, Ester de Araújo Freire, Alisson Mendes Rodrigues, Otilie Eichler Vercillo, Mauro Francisco Pinheiro da Silva, Mateus Faustino Salazar da Rocha, Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral and Ariuska Karla Barbosa Amorim

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5203; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115203 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 267

Abstract

Microplastic (MPs) pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue due to its persistent accumulation in ecosystems, posing risks to aquatic life, food safety, and human health. In this study, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles functionalized with citric acid (Fe₃O [...] Read more.

Microplastic (MPs) pollution has emerged as a critical environmental issue due to its persistent accumulation in ecosystems, posing risks to aquatic life, food safety, and human health. In this study, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles functionalized with citric acid (Fe₃O₄@AC) were used to remove high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) MPs from an aqueous medium. Fe₃O₄@AC was synthesized via the coprecipitation method and characterized by morphology (SEM), crystalline phases (XRD), chemical aspects (FTIR), and surface area (nitrogen sorption isotherms). The MPs removal efficiency of Fe₃O₄@AC was evaluated based on the initial concentration, contact time, and pH. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data were best described by the Sips and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Fe₃O₄@AC removed 80% of the MPs at a pH of 6. Based on experimental observations (zeta potential, porosity, and SEM) and theoretical insights, it was concluded that hydrogen bonding, pore filling, and van der Waals forces governed the adsorption mechanism. Reusability tests showed that Fe₃O₄@AC could be reused up to five times, with a removal efficiency above 50%. These findings suggest that Fe₃O₄@AC is a sustainable and promising material for the efficient removal of microplastics from wastewater, offering a reusable and low-impact alternative that contributes to environmentally responsible wastewater treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resource Sustainability: Sustainable Materials and Green Engineering)

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19 pages, 3525 KiB

Open AccessReview

Analysis of Research Trends and Comprehensive Utilization Solutions for Saline–Alkali Land

by Jingyan Huang, Yehua Shang, Yuqi Chen, Lingying Xu, Yanping Yang and Xu Zhao

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5202; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115202 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 265

Abstract

The management and use of saline–alkaline land is a global concern and research focus. Although there is extensive long-term global research on soil salinization and improvement, systematic summaries of research progress in this field are insufficient. This study, based on the Web of [...] Read more.

The management and use of saline–alkaline land is a global concern and research focus. Although there is extensive long-term global research on soil salinization and improvement, systematic summaries of research progress in this field are insufficient. This study, based on the Web of Science (WOS) and incoPat database, analyzes the literature and patents on saline–alkaline land over the past 30 years, sums up research progress and current status, and proposes future directions to lay a foundation for further study. Research hotspots are mainly salt-tolerant plant growth mechanisms and gene expression under salt stress, interactions between salt-tolerant plants and microbes, soil conditioner use, remote sensing monitoring of saline–alkaline land changes, irrigation and drainage techniques, and soil nutrient status and improvement. Saline–alkaline land management research is moving toward integrated application of multiple improvement measures. Priority should be given to developing land remediation technologies and salt-tolerant plant varieties suited to different regions; studying the compatibility among technologies, plant varieties, and cultivation techniques; establishing region- and type-specific integrated management and ecological use methods; and creating comprehensive development plans to boost soil productivity and protect the ecology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil Conservation and Sustainability)

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22 pages, 2123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Coupling Coordination Level Between New-Quality Productivity and Industrial Structure Upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt Urban Area

by Min Jin and Xuezhong Jiang

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5201; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115201 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 268

Abstract

New-quality productivity and industrial structure upgrading has become a primary area of concern with respect to regional economic transformation and sustainable development. Based on static panel data of 108 prefecture-level-and-above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2013 to 2022, the projection [...] Read more.

New-quality productivity and industrial structure upgrading has become a primary area of concern with respect to regional economic transformation and sustainable development. Based on static panel data of 108 prefecture-level-and-above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2013 to 2022, the projection pursuit model, coupling coordination degree model, and obstacle degree model were used to study the spatiotemporal patterns and key obstacle factors in the coupling of new-quality productivity and levels of industrial upgrading. Results show the following: (1) The average coupling coordination degree increased from 0.42 in 2013 to 0.53 in 2022, exhibiting a three-stage trend of “initial advancement, rapid growth, and high-level fluctuation”. (2) Regionally, a gradient pattern of “downstream leading, midstream following, and upstream catching up” persists, but regional gaps have narrowed significantly. (3) Spatially, the coupling coordination level shows a pattern of “high in the east, low in the west, led by the core, and breakthrough in the local area”, with significant positive aggregation characteristics. (4) The main obstacle factors across the entire area include digital patents (7.03%), green patents (7.03%), and the number of high-tech enterprises (6.96%), but the weights of the obstacle factors vary greatly across different areas. These findings provide scientific support for green transformation, regional integration, and sustainability-oriented industrial policy design in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development)

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20 pages, 883 KiB

Open AccessReview

Clarifying Grazing Management Methods: A Data-Driven Review

by Robin Russias, Rémy Delagarde, Katja Klumpp and Audrey Michaud

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5200; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115200 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 291

Abstract

Grasslands, particularly permanent grasslands, provide vital ecosystem services and, therefore, focus a number of management challenges. Grassland management revolves around organizing how livestock graze in both space and time, using various grazing methods. However, international research describes these grazing methods using diverse and [...] Read more.

Grasslands, particularly permanent grasslands, provide vital ecosystem services and, therefore, focus a number of management challenges. Grassland management revolves around organizing how livestock graze in both space and time, using various grazing methods. However, international research describes these grazing methods using diverse and sometimes inconsistent terminologies. This lack of standardization may create ambiguity and hinder comparative research on grazing methods. Here, to address this issue, we conducted a literature review aiming to identify common patterns of grazing methods based on shared grazing management criteria. Through multivariate analysis, we analyzed 249 experimental datapoints derived from 102 studies. We ran principal component analysis followed by hierarchical clustering on principal components on seven management criteria. This review identified 4 broad families of grazing methods: continuous grazing, conventional rotational grazing, deferred rotational grazing, adaptative multi-paddock grazing. This work distinguishes rotational from continuous grazing methods, as commonly described in the literature. Furthermore, it identifies adaptative multi-paddock grazing as a distinct and innovative group of rotational grazing. The approach developed here could serve as support to characterize and compare different grazing methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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26 pages, 920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urban Maturity Performance Measurement System Through Smart City Actions

by Elizeu de Albuquerque Jacques, Alvaro Neuenfeldt Júnior, Sabine De Paris, Ronier Gutierrez and Julio Siluk

Sustainability 2025, 17(11), 5199; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115199 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 178

Abstract

The uncontrolled urbanization of Brazilian cities accentuates the imbalance between population demands and urban space planning. The integrated management of human and technological resources constitutes a fundamental governance strategy for the proposition of sustainable and effective responses to the challenges faced by cities. [...] Read more.

The uncontrolled urbanization of Brazilian cities accentuates the imbalance between population demands and urban space planning. The integrated management of human and technological resources constitutes a fundamental governance strategy for the proposition of sustainable and effective responses to the challenges faced by cities. To generate references to public management, the objective of this research was to develop a management tool to verify the maturity level of Brazilian cities for smart city actions. A performance measurement system (PMS) organized smart city actions into 11 thematic areas, quantitatively measuring smart city actions in a down–top structure since the indicators and metrics are described in a standardized scale to obtain the general maturity index (GMI). The PMS was implemented in the city of Santa Maria/Brazil, where its GMI equal to 43.72% indicated a currently intermediate maturity level of smart city actions, mainly related to the low performance in the thematic areas of mobility, coexistence and reciprocity, and security and protection. To improve the current performance, five incremental actions were proposed, contemplating the key performance indicators “Public roads”, “Multipurpose lanes”, “Public accessibility”, “Accessibility signage”, and “Monitoring”, projecting a GMI equal to 49.75% and 55.78%, respectively, for an intermediate and an advanced maturity level scenario. Full article

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