2026 August - 29 articles
Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a slowly progressive pulmonary fungal disease, predominantly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, which develops in patients with pre-existing structural lung abnormalities. Chronic cavitary pulmonary...
Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with substantial morbidity and high recurrence rates. Current guidelines recommend fidaxomicin over oral vancomycin due to reduced recurrence; however, its high acquisition...
Background: Upper airway tract infections (UATIs) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide, accounting for an estimated 12.8 billion episodes annually and more than 8 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Despite their genera...
Background: Salmonellosis is a major global public health concern, commonly caused by serovars such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Rare serovars, however, may represent underrecognized links be...
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections in humans. It is estimated that millions of deaths occur each year worldwide due to these infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. ...
Background: Brucellosis remains a widespread zoonotic disease where serodiagnosis is critical for control. Outer membrane protein 25 (Omp25) has emerged as a promising diagnostic antigen, yet the optimal antigen format for Omp25-based serological ass...
Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication after solid organ transplantation, especially in patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Pulmonary artery involvement caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is extremely rare a...
Background: The movement of endemic diseases from tropical and disadvantaged areas is gradually spreading to developed countries as well. Amoebiasis, in particular, represents a significant threat to public health, amplified by globalization and incr...
Background: Ignatzschineria species are rare emerging human pathogens that are typically associated with myiasis. Methods: We report the first case of Ignatzschineria indica bacteraemia in Greece in a male patient presenting with maggot-infested woun...
Background/Objectives: This prospective cohort study assessed the impact of seasonal influenza during pregnancy on fetal and infant health outcomes. Methods: Pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed influenza were matched (1:4) by age and pregnancy l...
Background: Despite substantial progress in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes and widespread access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), maternal HIV infection remains associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in...
Background/Objectives: Bacteria of the order Flavobacteriales are environmental Gram-negative bacilli. Several organisms within the order represent rare but clinically important causes of infection in human hosts, particularly in immunocompromised an...
Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a clinical syndrome triggered by group A streptococcal (GAS) infections and characterized by fever, carditis, and arthritis as its main manifestations. Diagnosis relies on the revised Jones criteria. We repo...
Background: Accurate and timely malaria diagnosis with species-level identification of Plasmodium parasites is critical for guiding effective treatment and disease management. Although light microscopy remains the diagnostic gold standard, its depend...
Background/Objective: To externally validate our previously published machine learning model for identifying hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at low risk of respiratory deterioration or death using the Medical Information...
Background: Migrant agricultural workers in Italy often experience social and health vulnerabilities, including unstable housing and limited access to primary care. In Southern Italy, many live in informal settlements and seek care through outreach s...
Background: Immunosuppressed patients are at an increased risk for developing odontogenic and orofacial infections, which can present with atypical processes and features that may mimic rare but life-threatening infections such as Ludwig’s angi...
Background: Rickettsial diseases, particularly typhus group rickettsioses, remain underrecognized across the Americas despite ecological conditions favorable for transmission. Concurrently, Central America is experiencing one of its largest dengue ep...
Background: Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), comprising Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus (MABa), Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii (MABb), and Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense (MABm), is an emerging group of non-tubercu...
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa suffers the greatest impact of malaria, with the 2024 Health Organization (WHO )report stating that the region represents 94% of global cases and 95% of deaths. Challenges in malaria elimination stem from weak health sy...
Background: Influenza viruses can cause mild to severe illnesses. The burden of disease varies widely depending on multiple factors, including the type and subtype of circulating viruses, timing of the season, flu vaccine efficacy and vaccination rat...
Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, compromising prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. This narrative review examines AMR as a multifactorial and transnational crisis through epidem...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) describes the rapid onset of obsessive–compulsive symptoms or severe food restriction, accompanied by neuropsychiatric or somatic features that are not better explain...
Background: Spinal epidural abscesses (SEA) are rare, occurring 2.5–3 times per 10,000 hospital admissions. While streptococcus species comprise 7% of reported SEAs, Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has been described only once in the medical litera...
Background/Objectives: Although Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a key cause of global morbidity and mortality, the burden of CDI in mainland China is not well-defined. The objective of this systematic literature review was to summarize th...
Background/Objectives: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis remains a significant opportunistic infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly with late HIV diagnoses. This three-case series aimed to describ...
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a major public health problem in Latin America and an emerging global health concern due to population mobility. Although benznidazole and nifurtimox remain the only approved antiparasitic drugs, t...
Background: Secondary bacterial infections are increasingly recognized after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, bacterial abscess formation remains uncommon, and the simultaneous occurrence of brain and lung abscesses has not been previous...
Background: Urosepsis is a life-threatening condition accounting for approximately 20–30% of all sepsis cases and typically arises from ascending infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Disease progression is mediated by virulence f...
