International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume 27, Issue 7

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an acute ophthalmic emergency causing irreversible vision loss due to retinal ischemia. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributor to vascular occlusions, but the relationship between systemic...

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway in higher plants. It catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl-CoA into the corresponding cinnamaldehydes. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a perennial woo...

The valorisation of agro-industrial by-products through fermentation offers an opportunity to develop functional ingredients with targeted effects on gut microbiota. This study evaluates the impact of apple pomace fermented at a low temperature (15 &...

Loss of epithelial polarity is a critical driver of tumor progression; however, how core polarity regulators interface with oncogenic signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains incompletely defined. LLGL scribble cell polarity compl...

Energetic materials are widely used in many fields and their safety is of great concern, while the factors affecting impact sensitivity and the mechanisms of chemical bond breaking and energy transfer are still unclear. In this study, first-principle...

Diverse epigenetic regulatory mechanisms ensure and modulate cellular diversity. The histone 3 lysine 9 me3 (H3K9me3) post-translational modification participates in silencing lineage-inappropriate genes by restricting access of transcription factors...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a major global health burden due to aggressive invasion, early metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and poor long-term survival. Beyond tumor-intrinsic genetic and epigenetic alterations, accumulating eviden...

Millions of new cancer cases and deaths worldwide annually demonstrate the pressing need for predictive preclinical models that go beyond standard two-dimensional (2D) cultures and animal systems. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoi...

Taste dysfunction, or dysgeusia, is a frequent symptom associated with infections and systemic diseases, yet its cellular and molecular basis remains poorly understood. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to study dysgeusia as a “natu...

Malaria remains a major global health challenge. While treatments targeting parasite replication exist, effective interventions for neurological manifestations are scarce, necessitating new strategies for cerebral malaria. In this study, we investiga...

Glycobiology has undergone a profound conceptual transformation from a largely descriptive discipline to a central framework for understanding biological regulation in health and disease [...]

The aim of this study was to investigate which physicochemical and structural properties of cationic peptides P1–P6 may determine their selective anticancer activity against melanoma cells and their interactions with tumor cell membranes. An in...

The natural product composition of the hexane and methyl tert-butyl ether extracts of Dittrichia viscosa roots was examined. Eight terpenoids were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectroscometry (HRMS) techniqu...

Walnut (Juglans regia) is an economically significant woody oil tree species widely cultivated in China. However, its production is increasingly threatened by extreme low-temperature events, such as unseasonal frosts and late-spring cold. Salicylic a...

Wuweiganlu (WGL) is a traditional formulation widely applied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the identity of its bioactive constituents remains inadequately defined. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled wi...

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is routinely used to guide immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet clinical benefit remains heterogeneous even among PD-L1–high tumors. Liquid bi...

Hypoxia-dependent microRNAs play an important role in orchestrating a plant’s response to low-oxygen stress. To assess the regulatory mechanisms of the adaptive response of maize (Zea mays L.) to hypoxia, an antisense sequence was developed, an...

Goats play a significant role in the global livestock industry, with breeders aiming to investigate genetic variations linked to crucial economic traits for enhancing production performance. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are a highly effect...

This systematic review aimed to synthesize experimental evidence on the anticancer effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) and its derivatives against colorectal cancer (CRC) cell models. Eligible studies investigated probiotics, postb...

Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure remains a major challenge for long-term health risk assessment, particularly in retrospective cohorts with heterogeneous exposure scenarios and limited biological material. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, introduced in 2023), formerly termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is closely linked to obesity, insulin resistanc...

Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare lung malignancy characterized by an aggressive clinical course and an unfavorable prognosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revealed that LCNECs exhibit molecular features resembli...

In this work, we demonstrate a functional and previously insufficiently explored route for converting cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) TOPAS^® thin films into antibacterial hybrid materials through a combination of solvent casting, plasma activation,...

Lysine propionylation (Kpr) is a metabolically coupled lysine acylation that links propionyl-CoA availability to the molecular regulation of gene expression and protein function. Although lysine acetylation (Kac) is the most extensively characterized...

The ongoing evolutionary struggle between crops and pathogens has highlighted the limitations of resistance gene (R gene)-based control, which often fails due to rapid pathogen adaptation. To address this, we must look beyond R genes and explore susc...

EGFR signaling, which requires ligand shedding by ADAM proteases, drives the progression of a variety of cancers, including breast, ovarian and lung. We previously reported the generation and characterization of a fully human, affinity-matured anti-A...

Temperature and humidity are critical abiotic factors shaping the survival and adaptation of insect pests. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance under contrasting humidity conditions remain poorly understood, particu...

Cannabis sativa L. leaves (CSL) are a rich in bioactive compounds and known for their medicinal and recreational uses. In this study, a natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) system composed of menthol and thymol (1:1) was employed for the...

Mulberry is a plant species of significant economic value and is widely incorporated into various traditional medicinal formulations. Its multiple botanical parts (leaves, branches, fruits, seeds, and roots) possess both nutritional and therapeutic p...

Environmental contamination with fluorinated compounds has increased markedly due to their widespread use in industry, medicine, and agriculture. Fluoride ions and fluoroquinolone antibiotics may enter soils through fertilizers, wastewater, and manur...

Large-scale expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remains a major challenge due to the intrinsic trade-off between cell proliferation and the maintenance of multipotency in conventional culture systems. Stiff substrates, such as tissue cu...

Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is routinely used for endobronchial tumor debulking, but may also exert systemic immunologic effects that could interact with immune checkpoint blockade. We investigated peripheral blood T-cell dynamics following bronchoscop...

Cancer immunotherapy has recently become an essential approach for treating cancer, showing considerable promise as a substitute for surgery, radiation therapy, and conventional chemotherapy. It primarily aims to boost the host’s natural defens...

Flowers, the reproductive frontline of plants, are highly sensitive to environmental stresses. Yet, despite their ecological and agricultural importance, the molecular regulation of stress responses in flowers remains comparatively limited. In this c...

Plant growth regulation is orchestrated by complex hormonal networks involving gibberellin and auxin signaling pathways. In this study, a comprehensive in silico approach was employed to comparatively evaluate the plant growth regulators (PGRs) forch...

Cultured urine-derived cells (UDCs) have been proposed as a source of material for the RNA-based molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders. Previous studies have shown that UDCs can be clonally expanded, passaged, frozen, regrown and have some stem ce...

The poly(A) tail of mRNA plays a vital role in mRNA transcript stability, translational efficiency, and immunogenicity. Co-transcriptionally polyadenylated in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNAs typically contain poly(A) tails of 50–120 nucleotide ta...

Eriodictyol, a naturally occurring flavanone, has appeared as a biologically versatile compound with increasing relevance in biomedical research, especially in cancers. Evidence over the past few decades indicates that eriodictyol influences cancer c...

In idiopathic azoospermia caused by non-obstructive infertility with AZFc deletion, the testicle usually contains an increased number of mast cells (MCs)—which are responsible for collagen synthesis in the testes—as well as Leydig cell hy...

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS are widely studied. However, currently, there are no clinically appro...

Neonicotinoids are widely used pesticides that have caused a catastrophic decrease in bee and bumblebee populations worldwide. In addition to insects, neonicotinoids induce toxic effects in other species, including lizards, birds, and mammals. Previo...

Rare earth elements (REE), such as gadolinium (Gd) and erbium (Er), are increasingly recognised as emerging environmental contaminants due to their widespread use in industrial processes, electronics, and medical imaging applications. Despite their e...