Probabilistic genotyping has become widespread. EuroForMix and DNAStatistX are both based upon maximum likelihood estimation using a γ model, whereas STRmix™ is a Bayesian approach that specifies prior distributions on the unknown model parameters. A...
Probabilistic genotyping (PG) and its associated software has greatly aided in forensic DNA mixture analysis, with it primarily being applied to mixed DNA profiles obtained from bulk cellular extracts. However, these software applications do not alwa...
Continuous probabilistic genotyping (PG) systems are becoming the default method for calculating likelihood ratios (LRs) for competing propositions about DNA mixtures. Calculation of the LR relies on numerical methods and simultaneous probabilistic s...
Mixed human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples present one of the most challenging pieces of evidence that a forensic analyst can encounter. When multiple contributors, stochastic amplification, and allele drop-out further complicate the mixture pro...
Background: Probabilistic genotyping software has become an essential tool in forensic genetics, particularly for interpreting complex DNA mixtures. Previous studies measured the impact of considering widely divergent statistical approaches in quanti...
It is common practice to evaluate DNA profiling evidence with likelihood ratios using allele frequency estimates from a relevant population. When multiple populations may be relevant, a choice has to be made. For two-person mixtures without dropout,...
Continuous probabilistic genotyping (PG) provides a means to estimate the probative value of DNA mixtures tendered as evidence in court and subject to alternative propositions about the contributors to the mixtures. The weight of that evidence, howev...
Analysis of complex DNA mixtures comprised of related individuals requires a great degree of care due to the increased risk of falsely including non-donor first-degree relatives. Although alternative likelihood ratio (LR) propositions that may aid in...
In cases where multiple questioned individuals are separately supported as contributors to a mixed DNA profile, guidance documents recommend performing a comparison to see if there is support for their joint contribution. Anecdotal observations sugge...
Relatives share more DNA with one another than unrelated individuals. Therefore, there is an increased risk of close relatives (e.g., siblings or parents and children of true donors) adventitiously ‘matching’ DNA mixtures to which they ar...
Background/Objectives: Interpretation of mixture profiles generated from crime scene samples is an important element in forensic genetics. Here, a workflow for mixture deconvolution of sequenced microhaplotypes (MHs) and STRs using the probabilistic...
Distributions of the variance parameter values developed during the validation process. Comparisons of these prior distributions to the run-specific average are one measure used by analysts to assess the reliability of a STRmix deconvolution. This st...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has released a document entitled DNA Mixture Interpretation: A NIST Scientific Foundation Review for public comment. This has become known as the Draft NIST Foundation Review. It contains the stateme...
The scale of genetic methods are presently being expanded: forensic genetic assays previously were limited to tens of loci, but now technologies allow for a transition to forensic genomic approaches that assess thousands to millions of loci. However,...
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ) are characterized by impairments in probabilistic reinforcement learning (RL), which is associated with dopaminergic circuitry encompassing the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. However, there are no studies e...
The current agent-based evolutionary models for animal communication rely on simplified signal representations that differ significantly from natural vocalizations. We propose a novel agent-based evolutionary model based on text-to-audio (TTA) models...
When a minor DNA component to a binary mixture is present at a weight ratio of approximately 1:50 or less, the presence of this minor donor is undetectable (or barely detectable) by standard mixture deconvolution approaches. In an attempt to retrieve...
Simple propositions are defined as those with one POI and the remaining contributors unknown under Hp and all unknown contributors under Ha. Conditional propositions are defined as those with one POI, one or more assumed contributors, and the remaini...
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for major endemic outbreaks in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HEV are widespread in the Central African Republic. We report the first documented case of an HEV infection i...
Evolutionary systems (ES) include software applications that solve problems using heuristic methods instead of the deterministic ones. The classical computing used for ES development involves random methods to improve different kinds of genomes. The...
We present a multi-objective topology optimization method based on the Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The presented approach is a tool for early-stage engineering applications capable of providing insights into the complex relationship b...
Genotypes selected from 3 plant species (Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) belonging to the Brassicaceae family were chosen to compare the concentrations of 9 inorganic elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) in these varietie...
Dyslipidemias are common risk factors for the development of chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Over 100 associated loci have been identified but few reports have evaluated the population attributable fraction captured by them in popu...
Background: In 2018, the Next-Generation Sequencing Committee of SWGDAM queried bioinformatic and statistical interpretation method developers regarding data needs for the development of sequence-based probabilistic genotyping software. Methods: Base...
Genotype, particularly Ras status, greatly affects prognosis and treatment of liver metastasis in colon cancer patients. This pilot aimed to apply word frequency analysis and a naive Bayes classifier on radiology reports to extract distinguishing ima...
Genetic variability in terrestrial mammals is essential for understanding population and evolutionary dynamics, as well as for establishing effective strategies in conservation biology. This comprehensive review aimed to critically analyze invasive a...
Background/Objectives: Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) enables the prediction of externally visible characteristics (EVCs) such as eye, hair, and skin color, ancestry, and age from biological traces. However, low template DNA (LT-DNA), often derived f...
Although several biclustering algorithms have been studied, few are used for cross-pattern identification across species using multi-omics data mining. A fast empirical Bayesian biclustering (Bi-EB) algorithm is developed to detect the patterns share...