Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are intracellular structures for compartmentalizing specific metabolic pathways in bacteria. As a unique type of BMCs, carboxysomes utilize protein shells to sequester ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase...
Glucan linked to proteins is a natural mega-glycoconjugate (mGC) playing the central role as a structural component of a yeast cell wall (CW). Regulation of functioning of non-covalently bound glucanosyltransglycosylases (ncGTGs) that have to remodel...
Living organisms are constructed from proteins that assemble into biomolecular complexes, each with a unique shape and function. Our knowledge about the structure–activity relationship of these complexes is still limited, mainly because of thei...
The three most important commercial bacterial insecticides are all derived from subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Specifically, Bt subsp. kurstaki (Btk) and Bt subsp. aizawai (Bta) are used to control larval lepidopteran pests. The third, Bt...
Investigations into the refolding of DNA origami leads to the creation of reconstructable nanostructures and deepens our understanding of the sustainability of life. Here, we report the refolding of the DNA origami structure inside a micron-sized com...
We report the spontaneous generation of a cell-like morphology in an environment crowded with the polymers dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of DNA. DNA molecules were selectively located in the interior of dextran-rich micro-drop...
The quest for a minimal cell not only sheds light on the fundamental principles of life but also brings great advances in related applied fields such as general biotechnology. Minimal cell projects came from the study of a plausible route to the orig...
“Synthetic cells” research focuses on the construction of cell-like models by using solute-filled artificial microcompartments with a biomimetic structure. In recent years this bottom-up synthetic biology area has considerably progressed,...
Tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) spread into the buds of yeast by an actin-based mechanism and, upon entry, become attached to the polarisome, a proteinaceous micro-compartment below the tip of the bud. The minimal tether between polarisome...
Microalgae are highly regarded as ideal materials for the creation of liquid biofuels and have substantial potential for growth and utilization. However, traditional storage and culture methods for microalgae are plagued by challenges such as uncontr...
This paper discusses possible methods for on-chip fluorescent imaging forintegrated bio-sensors. The integration of optical and electro-optical accessories, accordingto suggested methods, can improve the performance of fluorescence imaging. It can bo...
Compartmentalization of high-energy phosphate carriers between intracellular micro-compartments is a phenomenon that ensures efficient energy use. To connect these sites, creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) energy-transfer networks, which...
Cells have developed intelligent systems to implement the complex and efficient enzyme cascade reactions via the strategies of organelles, bacterial microcompartments and enzyme complexes. The scaffolds such as the membrane or protein in the cell are...
Carboxysomes are the specific CO2-fixing microcompartments in all cyanobacteria. Although it is known that the organization and subcellular localization of carboxysomes are dependent on external light conditions and are highly relevant to their funct...
The use of smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) is one of the most promising approaches to overcome some of the drawbacks of drug-based therapies, such as improper biodistribution and lack of specific targeting. Some of the most attractive candidates a...
P. aeruginosa biofilms are aggregates of bacteria surrounded by a self-produced matrix which binds to some antibiotics such as aminoglycosides. P. aeruginosa biofilms are tolerant to antibiotics. The treatment of biofilm infections leads to a recurre...
Background. The extracellular matrix of the PNS/CNS is unusual in that it is dominated by glycosaminoglycans, especially hyaluronan, whose space filling and hydrating properties make essential contributions to the functional properties of this tissue...
Insulin, a pivotal hormone synthesized by the pancreas and regulated through hepatic first-pass metabolism, plays an essential role in the management of diabetes. However, non-therapeutic exposure to insulin can lead to life-threatening hypoglycemia....
The process of bacterial reproduction on surfaces conducive to growth forms colonies, which are defined as physical bodies with functional and environmental effects. This phenomenon can be conceptualized as transforming biological processes into phys...